Skip to main content
Top

2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

9. Regulatory Instruments and Demand Management of Water: Potential and Prospects

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This paper is an attempt to review the role of various regulatory instruments in managing water demand with specific objectives of listing out types of regulatory instruments; role of these instruments in managing water demand and attaining equity; assess existing social regulation models and draw lessons for policy. Basic regulatory instruments that are being or could be adopted in water management are broadly grouped under: (i) direct and indirect regulation, (ii) economic regulation, and (iii) social regulation.
The review of the role of regulatory instruments in managing water demand across the countries suggests that the commonly used instruments like pricing, supply regulation, direct and indirect policy regulation, etc., have not been effective. This is more so in India due to complex socioeconomic and resource systems and policy environment. Often policies are neither comprehensive nor they work in tandem. It is argued that unless policy, economic and institutional regulations complement each other, the scope for achieving sustainable and efficient water management is a far cry.
None of the regulatory instruments have equity in-built in to them. Whatever equity impacts evident seems to be rather incidental. On the other hand, social regulation appears to be more effective in achieving sustainability and equity though it requires lot of efforts working through complex rural dynamics at various levels. The reason is that appropriate policies to support or encourage such initiatives are not in place. Social regulation initiatives may remain as models rather than being adapted at a wider scale in the absence of complementary policy/legislative/legal support. Creating demand for these initiatives is as important as demand management of water. The regulatory instruments for demand management would not be effective as long as policy environment continues to be supply sided.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
This section draws from an earlier publication Reddy, V. R., Reddy, M. S., & Rout, S. K. (2014). Groundwater governance: A tale of three participatory models in Andhra Pradesh, India. Water Alternatives, 7(2), 275–297.
 
2
Though HUNs are registered bodies and can take up activities like input procurement, output marketing, etc, they are yet to be functional in these activities.
 
3
Of late people’s contribution in the government programmes has lost its importance, as people are increasing considering government programmes as welfare measures rather than developmental. And hence contribution is treated as negative rather than ownership.
 
Literature
go back to reference Brewer, J., Kolavalli, S., Kalro, A. H., Naik, G., Ramnarayan, S., Raju, K. V., & Sakthivadivel, R. (1999). Irrigation management transfer in India; Policies, processes and performance. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing. Brewer, J., Kolavalli, S., Kalro, A. H., Naik, G., Ramnarayan, S., Raju, K. V., & Sakthivadivel, R. (1999). Irrigation management transfer in India; Policies, processes and performance. New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing.
go back to reference Burke, J., Moench, M., & Sauveplane, C. (1999). Groundwater and society: Problems in variability and points of engagement. In M. Salman & A. Salman (Eds.), Groundwater – Legal and policy perspectives (World Bank technical paper, No. 456, pp. 31–52). Washington, DC: The World Bank. Burke, J., Moench, M., & Sauveplane, C. (1999). Groundwater and society: Problems in variability and points of engagement. In M. Salman & A. Salman (Eds.), Groundwater – Legal and policy perspectives (World Bank technical paper, No. 456, pp. 31–52). Washington, DC: The World Bank.
go back to reference Das, P. (2006). Private water, public misery: Flawed policy. Frontline, 21 April. Das, P. (2006). Private water, public misery: Flawed policy. Frontline, 21 April.
go back to reference Deshpande, R. S., & Reddy, V. R. (1990). Social dynamics and farmers’ society: A case study of Pani Panchayat. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 45(3), 355–361. Deshpande, R. S., & Reddy, V. R. (1990). Social dynamics and farmers’ society: A case study of Pani Panchayat. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 45(3), 355–361.
go back to reference Dhawan, B. D. (2000). Drip irrigation: Evaluating returns. Economic and Political Weekly, 35(42), 3775–3780. Dhawan, B. D. (2000). Drip irrigation: Evaluating returns. Economic and Political Weekly, 35(42), 3775–3780.
go back to reference Feitelson, E. (2006). Impediments to the management of shared aquifers: A political economy perspective. Hydrogeology Journal, 14, 319–329.CrossRef Feitelson, E. (2006). Impediments to the management of shared aquifers: A political economy perspective. Hydrogeology Journal, 14, 319–329.CrossRef
go back to reference Fujita, K., & Hussain, F. (1995). Role of the groundwater market in agricultural development and income distribution: A case study in a northwest Bangladesh village. The Developing Economics, XXXIII, 442–463. Fujita, K., & Hussain, F. (1995). Role of the groundwater market in agricultural development and income distribution: A case study in a northwest Bangladesh village. The Developing Economics, XXXIII, 442–463.
go back to reference Gandhi, V., & Sharma, S. (2009). The performance of rain-water harvesting institutions in India: Empirical study. In L. Crase & V. P. Gandhi (Eds.), Reforming institutions in water resource management: Policy and performance for sustainable development. London: Earthscan. Gandhi, V., & Sharma, S. (2009). The performance of rain-water harvesting institutions in India: Empirical study. In L. Crase & V. P. Gandhi (Eds.), Reforming institutions in water resource management: Policy and performance for sustainable development. London: Earthscan.
go back to reference GoAP. (2007). Participatory groundwater in Andhra Pradesh Community based tank management project. Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad: Irrigation & CAD Department. GoAP. (2007). Participatory groundwater in Andhra Pradesh Community based tank management project. Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad: Irrigation & CAD Department.
go back to reference GoI. (1992). Model bill to regulate and control the development of groundwater. New Delhi: Ministry of Water Resources. GoI. (1992). Model bill to regulate and control the development of groundwater. New Delhi: Ministry of Water Resources.
go back to reference GoI. (2007a, May). Report of the steering committee on water resources for eleventh five year plan (2007–2012). Planning Commission. GoI. (2007a, May). Report of the steering committee on water resources for eleventh five year plan (2007–2012). Planning Commission.
go back to reference GoI. (2007b). Report of the expert group on groundwater management and ownership. New Delhi: Planning Commission. GoI. (2007b). Report of the expert group on groundwater management and ownership. New Delhi: Planning Commission.
go back to reference GoI. (2011). Report of the working group on sustainable groundwater management as an input to 12th plan. New Delhi: Planning Commission. GoI. (2011). Report of the working group on sustainable groundwater management as an input to 12th plan. New Delhi: Planning Commission.
go back to reference IRM&ED. (2008). Institutional framework for regulating use of ground water in India, Final report. New Delhi: Ministry of Water Resources Government of India. IRM&ED. (2008). Institutional framework for regulating use of ground water in India, Final report. New Delhi: Ministry of Water Resources Government of India.
go back to reference Janakarajan, S. (1993). Triadic exchange relations: An illustration from south India. Institute of Development Studies Bulletin, 24(3), 75–82.CrossRef Janakarajan, S. (1993). Triadic exchange relations: An illustration from south India. Institute of Development Studies Bulletin, 24(3), 75–82.CrossRef
go back to reference Johansson, R. C. (2005). Pricing irrigation water: A literature survey (Policy research working paper, 2449). Washington, DC: The World Bank. Johansson, R. C. (2005). Pricing irrigation water: A literature survey (Policy research working paper, 2449). Washington, DC: The World Bank.
go back to reference Joshi, L. K. (1997, December 15–17). Irrigation and its management in India: Need for paradigm shift. Paper presented in the Workshop held at the Centre for India and South Asian Research, University of British Colombia. Joshi, L. K. (1997, December 15–17). Irrigation and its management in India: Need for paradigm shift. Paper presented in the Workshop held at the Centre for India and South Asian Research, University of British Colombia.
go back to reference Kemper, K. E. (2007). Instruments and institutions for groundwater management. In M. Giodano & K. G. Villholth (Eds.), The agricultural groundwater revolution: Opportunities and threats to development (pp. 153–172). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef Kemper, K. E. (2007). Instruments and institutions for groundwater management. In M. Giodano & K. G. Villholth (Eds.), The agricultural groundwater revolution: Opportunities and threats to development (pp. 153–172). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Kumar, M. D. (2005). Impact of electricity prices and volumetric water allocation on energy and groundwater demand management: Analysis from Western India. Energy Policy, 33, 39–51.CrossRef Kumar, M. D. (2005). Impact of electricity prices and volumetric water allocation on energy and groundwater demand management: Analysis from Western India. Energy Policy, 33, 39–51.CrossRef
go back to reference Kumar, M. D. (2007). Groundwater management in India: Physical, institutional and policy alternatives. New Delhi: Sage. Kumar, M. D. (2007). Groundwater management in India: Physical, institutional and policy alternatives. New Delhi: Sage.
go back to reference Kumar, M. D., Sivamohan, M. V. K., Niranjan, V., & Bassi, N. (2011). Groundwater management in Andhra Pradesh: Time to address real issues (Occasional paper, No. 4). Hyderabad: Institute for Resource Analysis and Policy. Kumar, M. D., Sivamohan, M. V. K., Niranjan, V., & Bassi, N. (2011). Groundwater management in Andhra Pradesh: Time to address real issues (Occasional paper, No. 4). Hyderabad: Institute for Resource Analysis and Policy.
go back to reference Lakhina, A. K. (2007). Sectoral allocation of groundwater and its pricing. In S. Romani & others (Eds.), Groundwater governance: Ownership of groundwater and pricing. New Delhi: Capital Publishing Company. Lakhina, A. K. (2007). Sectoral allocation of groundwater and its pricing. In S. Romani & others (Eds.), Groundwater governance: Ownership of groundwater and pricing. New Delhi: Capital Publishing Company.
go back to reference Malik, R. P. S. (n.d.). Energy regulations as a demand management option: Potentials, problems and prospects. New Delhi: Agro-economic Research Centre, Delhi University. Malik, R. P. S. (n.d.). Energy regulations as a demand management option: Potentials, problems and prospects. New Delhi: Agro-economic Research Centre, Delhi University.
go back to reference Mukherji, A. (2007). The energy-irrigation nexus and its implications for groundwater markets in eastern indo-gangetic basin: Evidence from West Bengal, India. Energy Policy, 35(12), 6413–6430.CrossRef Mukherji, A. (2007). The energy-irrigation nexus and its implications for groundwater markets in eastern indo-gangetic basin: Evidence from West Bengal, India. Energy Policy, 35(12), 6413–6430.CrossRef
go back to reference Narayanamoorthy, A. (1997). Economic viability of drip irrigation: An emperical analysis from Maharastra. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 52(4), 728–739. Narayanamoorthy, A. (1997). Economic viability of drip irrigation: An emperical analysis from Maharastra. Indian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 52(4), 728–739.
go back to reference Narayanamoorthy, A. (2003). Economics of drip irrigation: A study of Maharastra. Paper Presented at the National Seminar on Water, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad. Narayanamoorthy, A. (2003). Economics of drip irrigation: A study of Maharastra. Paper Presented at the National Seminar on Water, Centre for Economic and Social Studies, Hyderabad.
go back to reference Pant, N. (2005). Control of and access to ground water in U.P. Economic and Political Weekly, 40, 2672–2679. Pant, N. (2005). Control of and access to ground water in U.P. Economic and Political Weekly, 40, 2672–2679.
go back to reference Parthasarathy, R. (2000). Participatory irrigation management programme in Gujarat: Institutional and financial issues. Economic and Political Weekly, 35(35/36), 3147–3154. Parthasarathy, R. (2000). Participatory irrigation management programme in Gujarat: Institutional and financial issues. Economic and Political Weekly, 35(35/36), 3147–3154.
go back to reference Postel, S. (1984). Water: Rethinking management in an age of scarcity (World watch paper, 62). Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. Postel, S. (1984). Water: Rethinking management in an age of scarcity (World watch paper, 62). Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute.
go back to reference Postel, S. (1985). Conserving water: The untapped alternative (World watch paper, 67). Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute. Postel, S. (1985). Conserving water: The untapped alternative (World watch paper, 67). Washington, DC: Worldwatch Institute.
go back to reference Reddy, V. R. (1996). Urban water crisis: Rationale for pricing. Jaipur: Rawat Publications. Reddy, V. R. (1996). Urban water crisis: Rationale for pricing. Jaipur: Rawat Publications.
go back to reference Reddy, V. R. (2003). Irrigation: Development and reforms. Economic and Political Weekly, XXXVIII(12–13), 4700–4713. Reddy, V. R. (2003). Irrigation: Development and reforms. Economic and Political Weekly, XXXVIII(12–13), 4700–4713.
go back to reference Reddy, V. R. (2010). Water sector performance under scarcity conditions: A case study of Rajasthan, India. Water Policy, 12, 761–778.CrossRef Reddy, V. R. (2010). Water sector performance under scarcity conditions: A case study of Rajasthan, India. Water Policy, 12, 761–778.CrossRef
go back to reference Reddy, V. R. (2012). Hydrological externalities and livelihoods impacts: Informed communities for better resource management. Journal of Hydrology, 412–413, 279–290. Reddy, V. R. (2012). Hydrological externalities and livelihoods impacts: Informed communities for better resource management. Journal of Hydrology, 412–413, 279–290.
go back to reference Reddy, V. R., & Reddy, P. P. (2005). How participatory is participatory irrigation management: A study of water user associations in Andhra Pradesh. Economic and Political Weekly, XL(53), 5587–5595. Reddy, V. R., & Reddy, P. P. (2005). How participatory is participatory irrigation management: A study of water user associations in Andhra Pradesh. Economic and Political Weekly, XL(53), 5587–5595.
go back to reference Reddy, V. R., Syme, G., Ranjan, R., Pavelic, P., Reddy, M. S., Raut, S., & Sreedhar, A. (2011). Scale issues in meso-watershed development: Farmers’ perceptions on designing and implementing the common guidelines (Working paper, No. 2). Hyderabad: Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management Institute. Reddy, V. R., Syme, G., Ranjan, R., Pavelic, P., Reddy, M. S., Raut, S., & Sreedhar, A. (2011). Scale issues in meso-watershed development: Farmers’ perceptions on designing and implementing the common guidelines (Working paper, No. 2). Hyderabad: Livelihoods and Natural Resource Management Institute.
go back to reference Reddy, M. S., Reddy, V. R., & Ramamohan, M. (2012). Institutionalising groundwater management: A tale three participatory models in Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad: Centre for Economic Studies. Reddy, M. S., Reddy, V. R., & Ramamohan, M. (2012). Institutionalising groundwater management: A tale three participatory models in Andhra Pradesh. Hyderabad: Centre for Economic Studies.
go back to reference Saleth, R. M. (1994). Groundwater markets in India: A legal and institutional perspective. Indian Economic Review, 29(2), 157–176. Saleth, R. M. (1994). Groundwater markets in India: A legal and institutional perspective. Indian Economic Review, 29(2), 157–176.
go back to reference Saleth, R. M. (2005, February 8). Water rights and entitlements in India. Instrument paper prepared for the World Bank-India Office for developing World Bank’s Country Water Resources Sector Strategy for India. Colombo: International Water Management Institute, pp 40. Saleth, R. M. (2005, February 8). Water rights and entitlements in India. Instrument paper prepared for the World Bank-India Office for developing World Bank’s Country Water Resources Sector Strategy for India. Colombo: International Water Management Institute, pp 40.
go back to reference Sandoval, R. (2004). A participatory approach to integrated aquifer management: The case of Guanajuato state, Mexico. In K. E. Kemper (Ed.), Groundwater – From development to management. Hydrogeology Journal Theme Issue. New York/Washington, DC: Springer/The World Bank. Sandoval, R. (2004). A participatory approach to integrated aquifer management: The case of Guanajuato state, Mexico. In K. E. Kemper (Ed.), Groundwater – From development to management. Hydrogeology Journal Theme Issue. New York/Washington, DC: Springer/The World Bank.
go back to reference Scott, C. A., & Shah, T. (2004). Groundwater overdraft reduction through agricultural energy policy: Insights from India and Mexico. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 20(2), 149–164.CrossRef Scott, C. A., & Shah, T. (2004). Groundwater overdraft reduction through agricultural energy policy: Insights from India and Mexico. International Journal of Water Resources Development, 20(2), 149–164.CrossRef
go back to reference Shah, T. (1989, January). Groundwater grids in the villages of Gujarat: Evolution, structure, working and impacts. Wamana, pp. 14–29. Shah, T. (1989, January). Groundwater grids in the villages of Gujarat: Evolution, structure, working and impacts. Wamana, pp. 14–29.
go back to reference Shah, T. (1993). Groundwater markets and irrigation development: Political economy and practical policy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Shah, T. (1993). Groundwater markets and irrigation development: Political economy and practical policy. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Shah, T. (2007). Crop per drop of diesel? Energy squeeze on India’s smallholder irrigation. Economic and Political Weekly, 42, 4002–4009. Shah, T. (2007). Crop per drop of diesel? Energy squeeze on India’s smallholder irrigation. Economic and Political Weekly, 42, 4002–4009.
go back to reference Shah, T. (2009). Taming the anarchy: Groundwater governance in south Asia. Washington, DC: The Resources for the Future Press. Shah, T. (2009). Taming the anarchy: Groundwater governance in south Asia. Washington, DC: The Resources for the Future Press.
go back to reference Shah, T., Koppen, B. V., Merry, D., & Samad, M. (2002). Institutional alternatives in African smallholder irrigation: Lessons from international experience with irrigation management transfer (IWMI research report, 60). Colombo: IWMI, V, 24 p. Shah, T., Koppen, B. V., Merry, D., & Samad, M. (2002). Institutional alternatives in African smallholder irrigation: Lessons from international experience with irrigation management transfer (IWMI research report, 60). Colombo: IWMI, V, 24 p.
go back to reference Shah, T., Giordano, M., & Wang, J. (2004). Irrigation institutions in a dynamic economy: What is China doing differently from India? Economic and Political Weekly, XXXIX(31), 3452–3461. Shah, T., Giordano, M., & Wang, J. (2004). Irrigation institutions in a dynamic economy: What is China doing differently from India? Economic and Political Weekly, XXXIX(31), 3452–3461.
go back to reference Shankar, K. (1992). Dynamics of groundwater irrigation. New Delhi: Segment Books. Shankar, K. (1992). Dynamics of groundwater irrigation. New Delhi: Segment Books.
go back to reference Sharma, S. C. (1995). Regulation of groundwater development in India: Existing provisions and future options. In M. Moench (Ed.), Groundwater law: The growing debate. Ahmedabad: VIKSAT Pacific Institute Collaborative Groundwater Project. Sharma, S. C. (1995). Regulation of groundwater development in India: Existing provisions and future options. In M. Moench (Ed.), Groundwater law: The growing debate. Ahmedabad: VIKSAT Pacific Institute Collaborative Groundwater Project.
go back to reference Thompson, R. G., & Young, H. P. (1973). Forecasting water use for policy making: A review. Water Resources Research, 9(4), 792–799. Thompson, R. G., & Young, H. P. (1973). Forecasting water use for policy making: A review. Water Resources Research, 9(4), 792–799.
go back to reference Villarroya, F., & Aldwell, C. R. (1998). Sustainable development and groundwater resources exploitation. Environmental Geology, 34(2–3), 111–115.CrossRef Villarroya, F., & Aldwell, C. R. (1998). Sustainable development and groundwater resources exploitation. Environmental Geology, 34(2–3), 111–115.CrossRef
go back to reference Wang, J., Huang, J., Blanke, A., Huang, Q., & Rozelle, S. (2007). The development, challenges and management of groundwater in rural China. In M. Giordano & Villholth, K. G. (Eds.), The agricultural groundwater revolution: Comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture (pp. 37–62). Wallingford: CABI Publishers. Wang, J., Huang, J., Blanke, A., Huang, Q., & Rozelle, S. (2007). The development, challenges and management of groundwater in rural China. In M. Giordano & Villholth, K. G. (Eds.), The agricultural groundwater revolution: Comprehensive assessment of water management in agriculture (pp. 37–62). Wallingford: CABI Publishers.
go back to reference World Bank. (2000). In Middle East and North Africa: Regional water initiative workshop on sustainable groundwater management, Sana, Yemen 25–28 June. World Bank. (2000). In Middle East and North Africa: Regional water initiative workshop on sustainable groundwater management, Sana, Yemen 25–28 June.
go back to reference World Bank. (2010). Deep wells and prudence: Towards pragmatic action for addressing groundwater overexploitation in India. Washington, DC: The World Bank. World Bank. (2010). Deep wells and prudence: Towards pragmatic action for addressing groundwater overexploitation in India. Washington, DC: The World Bank.
Metadata
Title
Regulatory Instruments and Demand Management of Water: Potential and Prospects
Author
V. Ratna Reddy
Copyright Year
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25184-4_9