Top

Journal of Materials Science

Published in:

03-03-2021 | Polymers & biopolymers

Relationship between physicochemical evolution and the failure process of flax fibers aged in water

Authors: Laetitia Van Schoors, Nicolas Beauzieres, Thomas Cadu, Olivier Sicot, Emmanuel Keita

Published in: Journal of Materials Science | Issue 17/2021

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Increasing environmental concern has put forward the use of flax fibers instead of glass fibers in composite materials. However, durability performances of these bio-fibers remain one of their main issues. This study focuses on the hydrothermal aging of flax fibers. Flax tows were immersed in distilled water at a temperature of 80 °C for different durations. The effect of the hydrothermal aging on mechanical properties of flax tows was evaluated. Results showed a strong decrease in the maximal strength and the stiffness by 31% and 49%, respectively, until one week of aging. Multi-scale analyses were realized to explain these evolutions. Morphological characterization highlighted a washing of fiber surfaces during the hydrothermal aging, extracting amorphous components as pectins, lignins and amorphous hemicelluloses from cortical tissues. We showed that this morphological evolution impacted the fiber crystallinity. Based on a mechanical analysis, we showed that amorphous components extraction may be at the origin of the material softening. Moreover, the amorphous phase in particular the natural binder pectin would play a major role in the fiber stiffness but does not modify the flaws at the origin of failure.

previous article In situ observation of solidification crack propagation for type 310S and 316L stainless steels during TIG welding using synchrotron X-ray imaging

next article Preparation of refreshable membrane by partially sacrificial hydrophilic coating

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Available only for authorised users

Baley C, Goudenhooft C, Gibaud M, Bourmaud A (2018) Flax stems: from a specific architecture to an instructive model for bioinspired composite structures. Bioinspir Biomim 13:026007. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-3190/aaa6b7CrossRef

Baley C, Gomina M, Breard J et al (2019) Specific features of flax fibres used to manufacture composite materials. Int J Mater Form 12:1023–1052. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12289-018-1455-yCrossRef

Baley C, Gomina M, Breard J et al (2020) Variability of mechanical properties of flax fibres for composite reinforcement. A review. Ind Crops Prod 145:111984. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2019.111984CrossRef

Baley C, Le Duigou A, Morvan C, Bourmaud A (2018) 8—Tensile properties of flax fibers. In: Bunsell AR (ed) Handbook of properties of textile and technical fibres, 2nd edn. Woodhead Publishing, Cambridge, pp 275–300CrossRef

Dittenber DB, GangaRao HVS (2012) Critical review of recent publications on use of natural composites in infrastructure. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 43:1419–1429. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2011.11.019CrossRef

Cicala G, Cristaldi G, Recca G, Latteri A (2010) Composites based on natural fibre fabrics. Woven fabric engineering. Sciyo, Rijeka

Baley C (2002) Analysis of the flax fibres tensile behaviour and analysis of the tensile stiffness increase. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 33:939–948. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(02)00040-4CrossRef

Lefeuvre A, Le DA, Bourmaud A et al (2015) Analysis of the role of the main constitutive polysaccharides in the flax fibre mechanical behaviour. Ind Crops Prod 76:1039–1048. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.062CrossRef

Gorshkova T, Brutch N, Chabbert B et al (2012) Plant fiber formation: state of the art, recent and expected progress, and open questions. CRC Crit Rev Plant Sci 31:201–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/07352689.2011.616096CrossRef

10.

Lefeuvre A, Bourmaud A, Morvan C, Baley C (2014) Elementary flax fibre tensile properties: correlation between stress–strain behaviour and fibre composition. Ind Crops Prod 52:762–769. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2013.11.043CrossRef

11.

Alix S, Colasse L, Morvan C et al (2014) Pressure impact of autoclave treatment on water sorption and pectin composition of flax cellulosic-fibres. Carbohydr Polym 102:21–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.10.092CrossRef

12.

Lamon J, R’Mili M, Reveron H (2016) Investigation of statistical distributions of fracture strengths for flax fibre using the tow-based approach. J Mater Sci 51:8687–8698. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-016-0128-9CrossRef

13.

Baley C, Bourmaud A (2014) Average tensile properties of French elementary flax fibers. Mater Lett 122:159–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2014.02.030CrossRef

14.

Stamboulis A, Baillie CA, Peijs T (2001) Effects of environmental conditions on mechanical and physical properties of flax fibers. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 32:1105–1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1359-835X(01)00032-XCrossRef

15.

Moothoo J, Allaoui S, Ouagne P, Soulat D (2014) A study of the tensile behaviour of flax tows and their potential for composite processing. Mater Des 55:764–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.10.048CrossRef

16.

Bos HL (2004) The potential of flax fibres as reinforcement for composite materials. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven, Eindhoven

17.

Beakou A, Charlet K (2013) Mechanical properties of interfaces within a flax bundle—part II: numerical analysis. Int J Adhes Adhes 43:54–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2013.01.013CrossRef

18.

Charlet K, Béakou A (2011) Mechanical properties of interfaces within a flax bundle—part I: experimental analysis. Int J Adhes Adhes 31:875–881. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2011.08.008CrossRef

19.

Romhány G, Karger-Kocsis J, Czigány T (2003) Tensile fracture and failure behavior of technical flax fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 90:3638–3645. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.13110CrossRef

20.

Griffith AA, Taylor GI (1921) VI. The phenomena of rupture and flow in solids. Philos Trans R Soc Lond Ser A Contain Pap a Math or Phys Character 221:163–198. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.1921.0006CrossRef

21.

Griffith AA (1924) Proceedings of the first international congress of applied mechanics, Delft, pp 56–63

22.

Shah SP, McGarry F (1971) Griffith fracture criterion and concrete. ASCE J Eng Mech Div 97:1663–1676CrossRef

23.

Xiao ZM, Chen BJ (2001) Stress analysis for a Zener-Stroh crack interacting with a coated inclusion. Int J Solids Struct 38:5007–5018. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0020-7683(00)00335-8CrossRef

24.

Lazarus V (2017) Fracture spacing in tensile brittle layers adhering to a rigid substrate. EPL (Europhys Lett) 117:24002. https://doi.org/10.1209/0295-5075/117/24002CrossRef

25.

Rice JR (1968) A path independent integral and the approximate analysis of strain concentration by notches and cracks. J Appl Mech 35:379–386. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.3601206CrossRef

26.

Rice JD (1968) Mathematical analysis in the mechanics of fracture. Math Fundam 2:191–311

27.

Dubois F, Chazal C, Petit C (2002) Viscoelastic crack growth process in wood timbers: an approach by the finite element method for mode I fracture. Int J Fract 113:367–388. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1014203405764CrossRef

28.

Mokhothu TH, John MJ (2015) Review on hygroscopic aging of cellulose fibres and their biocomposites. Carbohydr Polym 131:337–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.06.027CrossRef

29.

Célino A, Fréour S, Jacquemin F, Casari P (2014) The hygroscopic behavior of plant fibers: a review. Front Chem 1:43. https://doi.org/10.3389/fchem.2013.00043CrossRef

30.

Célino A, Gonçalves O, Jacquemin F, Fréour S (2014) Qualitative and quantitative assessment of water sorption in natural fibres using ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydr Polym 101:163–170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.023CrossRef

31.

Thuault A, Eve S, Blond D et al (2014) Effects of the hygrothermal environment on the mechanical properties of flax fibres. J Compos Mater 48:1699–1707. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021998313490217CrossRef

32.

Le Duigou A, Bourmaud A, Davies P (2011) Etude des mécanismes d’adhérence entre une fibre de lin et le PLLA- Influence d’un traitement faiblement impactant à l’eau Study of adherence mechanism between flax fibre and PLLA matrix- Influence of low environmental impact water treatment. Science 80:1–9

33.

Bourmaud A, Morvan C, Baley C (2010) Importance of fiber preparation to optimize the surface and mechanical properties of unitary flax fiber. Ind Crops Prod 32:662–667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2010.08.002CrossRef

34.

Tserki V, Zafeiropoulos NE, Simon F, Panayiotou C (2005) A study of the effect of acetylation and propionylation surface treatments on natural fibres. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf 36:1110–1118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2005.01.004CrossRef

35.

Hill CAS, Norton A, Newman G (2009) The water vapor sorption behavior of natural fibers. J Appl Polym Sci 112:1524–1537. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.29725CrossRef

36.

Moine C (2005) Extraction, caractérisation structurale et valorisation d’une famille d’hémicelluloses du bois: obtention de matériaux plastiques par modification des xylanes. Université de Limoges, Limoges

37.

Lu Y, Miller JD (2002) Carboxyl stretching vibrations of spontaneously adsorbed and LB-transferred calcium carboxylates as determined by FTIR internal reflection spectroscopy. J Colloid Interface Sci 256:41–52. https://doi.org/10.1006/jcis.2001.8112CrossRef

38.

Irwin GR (1957) Analysis of stresses and strains near the end of a crack transversing a plate. Trans ASME Ser E J Appl Mech 24:361–364

Title: Relationship between physicochemical evolution and the failure process of flax fibers aged in water
Authors: Laetitia Van Schoors
Nicolas Beauzieres
Thomas Cadu
Olivier Sicot
Emmanuel Keita
Publication date: 03-03-2021
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Materials Science / Issue 17/2021
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-021-05908-z

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 17/2021

Optical temperature sensing based on upconversion nanoparticles with enhanced sensitivity via dielectric superlensing modulation

Self-healing polymeric ionic liquid hydrogels with high mechanical strength and ionic conductivity

Surface deformation of single crystalline copper on different nano-scratching paths

Plasma processed tungsten for fusion reactor first-wall material

In- and out-plane transport properties of chemical vapor deposited TiO2 anatase films

Fatigue and its effect on the mechanical and thermal transport properties of polycrystalline graphene

Premium Partners