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Relativized Succinct Arguments in the ROM do not Exist

  • 2026
  • OriginalPaper
  • Chapter
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Abstract

This chapter explores the existence of relativized succinct non-interactive arguments (SNARGs) in the random oracle model (ROM). It begins by discussing the importance of SNARGs in constructing powerful cryptographic primitives like incrementally-verifiable computation (IVC) and proof-carrying data (PCD). The text then delves into the challenges of knowledge extraction for SNARKs in the standard model and the potential advantages of considering oracle models. The chapter presents a series of theorems and proofs that demonstrate the impossibility of relativized SNARGs in the ROM, contrasting this with the existence of such arguments in other oracle models. It also discusses the implications of these results for the construction of IVC and PCD in the ROM. The text concludes with a review of related work and techniques used in proving the impossibility of relativized SNARGs in the ROM.

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Title
Relativized Succinct Arguments in the ROM do not Exist
Authors
Annalisa Barbara
Alessandro Chiesa
Ziyi Guan
Copyright Year
2026
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-032-12287-2_14
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