Reliable Overlay Networking on ETSI GeoNetworking Standards

A position-based routing vehicular ad hoc network (PBR-VANET) is a specific type of mobile ad hoc network where the vehicles are the nodes and the routing is determined on the basis of node positioning. However, PBR-VANET routing protocols suffer from mass packet loss due to frequent changes in topology. We discuss the requirements of the routing protocol and propose an overlay network protocol called Duplicated Unicast Packet Encapsulation (DUPE). The proposed protocol is compatible with the original GeoNetworking standard, and it can cooperate with existing implementations without modifications to either GeoNetworking infrastructures or user applications. It encapsulates a GeoNetworking packet in a BTP packet (a standard Layer 4 protocol in GeoNetworking) and duplicates the original packet into different paths to reduce packet loss caused by failure and outdated paths. The evaluations on DUPE in different scenarios show that, with reasonable latency and bandwidth overhead, the packet loss can be eliminated in certain scenarios, where the standard GeoNetworking protocol has a packet loss of up to 94.5% in the worst case. Real field simulations show that DUPE can improve the packet delivery ratio (PDR) by approximately 20% in real-world deployment.