Residential Net-Zero Energy Electric Vehicle Charging Station with Vehicle to Home Control Strategy

The growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is driving the integration of photovoltaic (PV) and battery energy storage systems (BESS) in homes to mitigate energy costs. Designing such a system is critical for balancing energy generation and consumption, employing the net-zero energy concept. Additionally, the application of the vehicle-to-home (V2H) concept to support home energy demand while achieving a net-zero energy state has not been thoroughly investigated. This paper proposes a design methodology for a net-zero energy electric vehicle (NZEV) charging station integrated with a V2H control strategy capable of operating in both off-grid and on-grid schemes. The objective is to maintain a balance between PV-generated energy and consumption from both the EV and home loads. The charging station is installed for a practical test in an off-grid scheme and analyzed to operate in an on-grid scheme with and without V2H function. The data collected from the testing and analysis are used to evaluate the capability to achieve a net-zero energy state. The practical results demonstrate that the off-grid NZEV achieves weekly net-zero energy by utilizing the PV to store sufficient power in the BESS for EV charging. The energy analysis results indicate that the on-grid NZEV, operating in conjunction with V2H, imports less energy from the grid and achieves a net-zero energy state to a greater extent than operation without V2H. This research underscores the potential of the NZEV charging station to enhance energy sustainability by integrating V2H principles.