Top

Cellulose

Published in:

01-02-2013 | Original Paper

Resin impregnation of cellulose nanofibril films facilitated by water swelling

Authors: Yan Qing, Ronald Sabo, Zhiyong Cai, Yiqiang Wu

Published in: Cellulose | Issue 1/2013

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Flexible composite films were produced by impregnating aqueous phenol formaldehyde (PF) resin into water-swollen cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films. CNF films were prepared using a pressurized filtration method in combination with freeze drying. The freeze-dried films were swollen with water then impregnated with PF resin by soaking in aqueous resin solutions of varying concentrations. Small amounts of PF slightly enhanced the tensile properties of CNF films. The formulation with the best mechanical properties was CNF/PF films with 8 wt % resin exhibiting tensile stress and toughness of 248 MPa and 26 MJ/m³, respectively. Resin concentrations higher than about 8 % resulted in composites with decreased tensile properties as compared to neat CNF films. The wet strength of the composite films was significantly higher than that of the neat CNF films. The resulting composites showed greater resistance to moisture absorption accompanied by reduced thickness swelling when soaked in water as compared to neat CNF films. The composites also showed decreased oxygen permeability at low humidity compared to neat films, but the composites did not show improved barrier properties at high humidity.

previous article Synthesis and characterization of cyanoethyl hemicelluloses and their hydrated products

next article Silver incorporation on viscose and cotton fibers after air, nitrogen and oxygen DBD plasma pretreatment

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Andresen M, Johansson L-S, Tanem BS, Stenius P (2006) Properties and characterization of hydrophobized microfibrillated cellulose. Cellulose 13(6):665–677CrossRef

ASTM (2010a) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM D638–10: standard test method for tensile properties of plastics. ASTM International, West Conshohockon

ASTM (2010b) Annual Book of ASTM Standards, ASTM D3985–05e1: standard test method for oxygen gas transmission rate through plastic film and sheeting using a coulometric sensor. ASTM International, West Conshohockon

Aulin C, Ahola S, Joseffson P, Nishino T, Hirose Y, Österberg M, Wågberg L (2009) Nnaoscale cellulose films with different crystallinities and mesostructures-their surface properties and interaction with water. Langmuir 25(13):7675–7685PubMedCrossRef

Aulin C, Gällstedt M, Lindström T (2010) Oxygen and oil barrier properties of microfibrillated cellulose films and coatings. Cellulose 17(3):559–574CrossRef

Conley RT, Bieron JF (1963) A study of the oxidative degradation of phenol-formaldehyde polycondensates using infrared spectroscopy. J Appl Polym Sci 7(1):103–117CrossRef

Czaja WK, Young DJ, Kawecki M, Brown RM (2007) The future prospects of microbial cellulose in biomedical applications. Biomacromolecules 8(1):1–12PubMedCrossRef

Fukuzumi H, Saito T, Iwata T, Kumamoto Y, Isogai A (2009) Transparent and high gas barrier films of cellulose nanofibers prepared by TEMPO-mediated oxidation. Biomacromolecules 10(1):162–165PubMedCrossRef

Gong G, Pyo J, Mathew AP, Oksman K (2011) Tensile behavior, morphology and viscoelastic analysis of cellulose nanofiber-reinforced (CNF) polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Compos Part A 42(9):1275–1282CrossRef

Henriksson M, Berglund LA (2007) Structure and properties of cellulose nanocomposite films containing melamine formaldehyde. J Appl Polym Sci 106(4):2814–2817CrossRef

Heriksson M, Berglund LA, Isaksson P, Lindström T, Nishino T (2008) Cellulose nanopaper structure of high toughness. Biomacromolecules 9(6):1579–1585CrossRef

Iwamoto S, Kai W, Isogai A, Iwata T (2009) Elastic modulus of single cellulose microfibrils from tunicate measured by atomic force microscopy. Biomacromolecules 10(9):2571–2576PubMedCrossRef

Iwatake A, Nogi M, Yano H (2008) Cellulose nanofiber-reinforced polylacitic acid. Compos Sci Technol 68(9):2103–2106CrossRef

Johnson RK, Zink-Sharp A, Renneckar SH, Glasser WG (2009) A new bio-based nanocomposite: fibrillated TEMPO-oxidized celluloses in hydroxypropylcellulose matrix. Cellulose 16(2):227–238CrossRef

Lu J, Askeland P, Drzal LT (2008) Surface modification of microfibrillated cellulose for epoxy composite applications. Polymer 49(5):1285–1296CrossRef

Minelli M, Baschetti MG, Doghieri F, Ankerfors M, Lindström T, Siró I, Plackett D (2010) Investigation of mass transport properties of microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) films. J Membr Sci 358(1–2):67–75CrossRef

Nakagaito AN, Yano H (2005) Novel high-strength biocomposites based on micro fibrillated cellulose having nano-order-unit web-like network structure. Appl Phys A 80(1):155–159CrossRef

Nakagaito AN, Yano H (2008) The effect of fiber content on the mechanical and thermal expansion properties of biocomposites based on microfibrillated cellulose. Cellulose 15(4):555–559CrossRef

Nogi M, Iwamoto S, Nakagaito AN, Yano H (2009) Optically transparent nanofiber paper. Adv Mater 21(16):1595–1598CrossRef

Nyström G, Mihranyan A, Razaq A, Lindström T, Nyholm L, Strømme M (2010) A nanocellulose polypyrrole composite based on microfibrillated cellulose from wood. J Phys Chem B 114(12):4178–4182PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Okahisa Y, Yoshida A, Miyaguchi S, Yano H (2009) Optically transparent wood-cellulose nanocomposite as a base substrate for flexible organic light-emitting diode displays. Compos Sci Technol 69(11–12):1958–1961CrossRef

Olsson RT, Azizi Samir MAS, Salazar-Alvarez G, Belova L, Ström V, Berglund LA, Ikkala O, Nogués J, Gedde UW (2010) Making flexible magnetic aerogels and stiff magnetic nanopaper using cellulose nanofibrils as templates. Nat Nanotechnol 5(8):584–588PubMedCrossRef

Pääkkö M, Vapaavuori J, Silvennoinen R, Kosonen H, Ankerfors M, Lindström T, Berglund LA, Ikkala O (2008) Long and entangled native cellulose Ι nanofibers allow flexible aerogels and hierarchically porous templates for functionalities. Soft Matter 4(12):2492–2499CrossRef

Pizzi A, Eaton NJ (1987) A conformational analysis approach to phenol-formaldehyde resins adhesion to wood cellulose. J Adhes Sci Technol 1(1):191–200CrossRef

Procter HR (1914) The equilibrium of dilute hydrochloric acid and gelatin. J Chem Soc 105:313–327CrossRef

Qing Y, Sabo R, Wu Y, Cai Z (2012) High-performance cellulose nanofibril composite films. Bio Res 7(3):3064–3075

Rodionova G, Saito T, Lenes M, Eriksen G, Fukuzumi H, Isogai A (2012) Mechanical and oxygen barrier properties of films prepared from fibrillated dispersions of TEMPO-oxidized Norway spruce and Eucalyptus pulps. Cellulose 19(3):705–711CrossRef

Sabo R, Seo JH, Ma Z (2012) Cellulose nanofiber composite substrates for flexible electronics, 2012 TAPPI International Conference on Nanotechnology for Renewable Materials. Montreal, Quebec

Saito T, Isogai A (2007) Wet strength improvement of TEMPO-oxidized cellulose sheets prepared with cationic polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res 46(3):773–780CrossRef

Saito T, Hirota M, Tamura N, Kimura S, Fukuzumi H, Heux L, Isogai A (2009) Individualization of nano-sized plant cellulose fibrils by direct surface carboxylation using TEMPO catalyst under neutral conditions. Biomacromecules 10(7):1992–1996CrossRef

Sasso C, Zeno E, Petit-Conil M, Chaussy D, Belgacem MN, Tapin-Lingua S, Beneventi D (2010) Highly conducting polypyrrole/cellulose nanocomposite films with enhanced mechanical properties. Macromol Mater Eng 295(10):934–941CrossRef

Sehaqui H, Mushi NE, Morimune S, Salajkova M, Nishino T, Berglund LA (2012) Cellulose nanofiber orientation in nanopaper and nanocomposites by cold drawing. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 4(2):1043–1049PubMedCrossRef

Shimazaki Y, Miyazaki Y, Takezawa Y, Nogi M, Abe K, Ifuku S, Yano H (2007) Excellent thermal conductivity of transparent cellulose nanofiber/epoxy resin nanocomposites. Biomacromolecules 8(9):2976–2978PubMedCrossRef

Siró I, Plackett D (2010) Microfibrillated cellulose and new nanocomposites materials: a review. Cellulose 17(3):459–494CrossRef

Svagan AJ, Azizi Samir MAS, Berglund LA (2007) Biomimetic polysaccharide nanocomposites of high cellulose content and high toughness. Biomacromolecules 8(8):2556–2563PubMedCrossRef

Syverud K, Stenius P (2009) Strength and barrier properties of MFC films. Cellulose 16(1):75–85CrossRef

Tingaut P, Zimmermann T, Lopez-Suevos F (2010) Synthesis and characterization of bionancomposites with tunable properties from poly (lactic acid) and acetylated microfibrillated cellulose. Biomacromolecules 11(2):454–464CrossRef

Zhu J, Sabo R, Luo X (2011) Integrated production of nano-fibrillated cellulose and biofuel (ethanol) by enzymatic fractionation of wood fibers. Green Chem 13(5):1339–1344CrossRef

Title: Resin impregnation of cellulose nanofibril films facilitated by water swelling
Authors: Yan Qing
Ronald Sabo
Zhiyong Cai
Yiqiang Wu
Publication date: 01-02-2013
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: Cellulose / Issue 1/2013
Print ISSN: 0969-0239
Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-012-9815-0

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 1/2013

Crystalline cellulose elastic modulus predicted by atomistic models of uniform deformation and nanoscale indentation

Nanocomposites of nanocrystalline cellulose for enzyme immobilization

Synthesis of peptide–cellulose conjugate mediated by a soluble cellulose derivative having β-Ala esters (II): conjugates with O-phospho-l-serine-containing peptides

Moleular simulation of surface reorganization and wetting in crystalline cellulose I and II

Synthesis and characterization of mechanically flexible and tough cellulose nanocrystals–polyacrylamide nanocomposite hydrogels

Wettability conversion on the liquid flame spray generated superhydrophobic TiO2 nanoparticle coating on paper and board by photocatalytic decomposition of spontaneously accumulated carbonaceous overlayer