1 Introduction
1.1 Literature review
2 Methods
Destination country | Rest of the world’s use of VA embodied in x
i
| Exports | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
P
1
| … |
P
j
| … |
P
n
| To produce exports | For other uses | |||
Origin county |
p
1
| 0 | … | VA1j
| … | VA1n
|
v
1
|
w
1
|
x
1
|
⋮ | ⋮ | ⋱ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ||
p
i
| VAi1
| … | 0 | … | VAin
|
v
i
|
w
i
|
x
i
| |
⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋱ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ⋮ | ||
p
n
| VAn1
| … | VAnj
| … | 0 |
v
n
|
w
n
|
x
n
| |
Origin of VA embodied in xj
| Foreign |
f
1
| … |
f
j
| … |
f
n
| |||
Domestic |
d
1
| … |
d
j
| … |
d
n
| ||||
Exports |
x
1
| … |
x
j
| … |
x
n
|
3 Results and discussion
3.1 Value of exports and domestic value added embodied in exports
>90 % | 85–89 % | 80–84 % | 75–79 % | 70–74 % | 65–69 % | <65 % | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Russia | 93.1 | USA | 88.7 | South Africa | 83.5 | Italy | 79.9 | Germany | 73.4 | Mexico | 69.7 | Netherlands | 64.1 |
Brazil | 91.0 | Argentina | 87.9 | UK | 82.7 | Spain | 79.3 | Switzerland | 71.5 | China | 67.4 | Korea | 59.4 |
Australia | 87.5 | Canada | 80.5 | Turkey | 78.2 | Belgium | 65.0 |
3.2 Domestic value added embodied in exports and composition of exports
Country |
X
p > 15 % |
X
nmn > 20 % |
X
tm > 20 % |
X
s > 15 % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
x
p/x
t
5
|
d
p/x
p
|
x
nrm/x
t
5
|
d
nrm/x
nrm
|
x
tm/x
t
5
|
d
tm/x
tm
|
x
s/x
t
5
|
d
s/x
s
| |
Russia | 43.0 | 95.0 | 35.9 | 92.0 | – | – | – | – |
Brazil | 23.8 | 93.0 | 44.8 | 90.0 | – | – | – | – |
USA | – | – | 29.8 | 83.6 | 31.5 | 85.8 | 34.3 | 95.8 |
Argentina | 18.2 | 95.0 | 51.8 | 88.0 | – | – | 16.8 | 92.0 |
Australia | 42.2 | 91.1 | 29.9 | 81.7 | – | – | 20.7 | 91.4 |
Indonesia | 22.1 | 95.8 | 50.3 | 85.0 | – | – | – | – |
Japan | – | – | 24.6 | 80.4 | 59.9 | 84.9 | 15.3 | 94.3 |
South Africa | 42.4 | 89.3 | 31.3 | 77.2 | – | – | 15.7 | 90.3 |
UK | – | – | 28.4 | 76.3 | 23.4 | 72.9 | 42.9 | 91.6 |
Canada | 27.8 | 91.6 | 31.1 | 74.2 | 24.0 | 67.8 | 16.1 | 91.3 |
Italy | – | – | 43.3 | 75.2 | 35.8 | 79.3 | 18.8 | 91.1 |
Spain | – | – | 34.3 | 73.4 | 23.3 | 71.5 | 37.7 | 88.2 |
Turkey | – | – | 45.8 | 73.7 | 24.4 | 71.5 | 21.5 | 92.3 |
India | – | – | 25.1 | 78.3 | 31.1 | 64.2 | 37.1 | 86.5 |
France | – | – | 37.9 | 71.5 | 32.7 | 67.1 | 24.4 | 90.9 |
Germany | – | – | 34.2 | 66.7 | 44.8 | 71.5 | 19.5 | 88.3 |
Switzerland | – | – | 37.0 | 63.4 | 31.3 | 67.0 | 27.9 | 87.1 |
Mexico | 15.1 | 93.4 | 26.2 | 79.5 | 52.6 | 55.3 | – | – |
China | – | – | 38.1 | 69.9 | 51.0 | 61.1 | – | – |
Belgium | – | – | 45.8 | 58.0 | – | – | 32.5 | 77.3 |
Netherlands | – | – | 47.3 | 51.6 | – | – | 24.1 | 82.8 |
Korea | – | – | 27.8 | 49.4 | 54.6 | 58.8 | 17.3 | 76.9 |
Weighted average | – | 93.0 | – | 72.9 | – | 70.9 | – | 90.2 |