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2011 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

21. Risks to Fish Associated with Barium in Drilling Fluids and Produced Water: A Chronic Toxicity Study with Cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus)

Authors : Jerry F. Payne, Catherine Andrews, Linda Fancey, Boyd French, Kenneth Lee

Published in: Produced Water

Publisher: Springer New York

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Abstract

Barite is composed largely of barium sulfate, and the high density of this particular compound lends support to the use of barite as a weighting agent in oil well drilling fluids, which are often released into the environment in conjunction with petroleum exploration and development. The discharge of produced water can also be an important source of barium sulfate around petroleum development sites. Barium sulfate is practically insoluble in seawater and is commonly indicated to have little toxicity potential. However, there is limited information on the chronic toxicity potential of the compound. We have carried out a long-term chronic toxicity study on the effects of barium sulfate, as barite, on fish health. Cunners (Tautogolabrus adspersus) were exposed on a weekly basis for 10 months to dispersions of 200 g of barite in a tank containing 1800 L of water. A range of health effect indicators were investigated, including visible skin and organ lesions, fish and organ condition indices, histopathological alterations in liver, gill, and kidney tissues, and levels of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), a catalytic activity associated with induction of cytochrome P4501A1. No differences were noted between the control and experimental groups other than a slight induction of EROD. Given the prolonged and high-level exposure to barite, results support the hypothesis that the relatively insoluble barium sulfate associated with the disposal of drilling fluids and produced waters does not pose a significant toxicity risk to finfish.

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previous chapter Studies on Fish Health Around the Terra Nova Oil Development Site on the Grand Banks Before and After Discharge of Produced Water

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Title: Risks to Fish Associated with Barium in Drilling Fluids and Produced Water: A Chronic Toxicity Study with Cunner (Tautogolabrus adspersus)
Authors: Jerry F. Payne
Catherine Andrews
Linda Fancey
Boyd French
Kenneth Lee
Publisher: Springer New York
Book: Produced Water
Print ISBN: 978-1-4614-0045-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-4614-0046-2

Copyright Year: 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-0046-2_21