Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Socio-Economic and Eco-Biological Dimensions in Resource Use and Conservation: Prologue Read chapter Read first chapter

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Role of Major Forest Biomes in Climate Change Mitigation: An Eco-Biological Perspective

Authors : Javid Ahmad Dar, Kothandaraman Subashree, Najeeb Ahmad Bhat, Somaiah Sundarapandian, Ming Xu, Purabi Saikia, Amit Kumar, Ashwani Kumar, Pramod Kumar Khare, Mohammed Latif Khan

Published in: Socio-economic and Eco-biological Dimensions in Resource use and Conservation

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The rapid alteration in the global climate due to anthropogenic activities has profound eco-biological impacts, which invariably affect the ability of natural communities to effectively perform ecosystem services. The eco-biological impacts could be viewed across various dimensions including loss of biodiversity as well as ecosystem goods and services, changes in phenology, prevalence of droughts and forest fires, disease outbreaks, reduced crop yields and increase in intensity and frequency of extreme weather events. Although, the natural ecosystems are innately endowed with the ability to maintain homeostasis by means of resistance and resilience, this ability to cope up is severely impacted by various other factors like deforestation, habitat fragmentation, land-use change and biological invasion, which exacerbate the effects of climate change. The eco-biological impacts of climate change are tied with socio-economic aspects by means of market values of the produce, poverty, undernourishment, livelihood security, etc. At this crucial juncture, forest biomes offer an immense ecosystem service towards climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration. Nevertheless, the three major forest biomes, viz. tropical, temperate and boreal, with their unique characteristics, vary in their response to climate change as well as mitigation potential and response. This review chapter aims to understand the varied climate change impacts and the crucial roles of major forest biomes in climate change mitigation and their various ecological services to formulate better forest management strategies.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Emerging Technology Intervention Model of Core Support for Inclusive Rural Growth: Social–Economic–Ecological Interface Building Through Innovative Scalable Solutions and Effective Delivery Mechanism
next chapter Climate Change Impact on Eco-biology and Socio-economy—A Concise Discussion
Literature
Abrams RW, Abrams JF, Abrams AL (2018) Climate change challenges for Africa. Encycl Anthr 2:177–194CrossRef
Ackerly DD, Ryals RA, Cornwell WK, Loarie SR, Veloz S, Higgason KD, Silver WL, Dawson TE (2012) Potential impacts of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services in the San Francisco Bay Area. University of California, California Energy Commission, Berkeley
Adams HD, Luce CH, Breshears DD, Allen CD, Weiler M, Hale VC, Smith AM, Huxman TE (2012) Ecohydrological consequences of drought-and infestation-triggered tree die-off: insights and hypotheses. Ecohydrology 5(2):145–159CrossRef
Akram N (2012) Is climate change hindering economic growth of Asian economies? Asia-Pacific Dev J 19(2):1–18CrossRef
Alexander JM, Lembrechts JJ, Cavieres LA, Daehler C, Haider S, Kueffer C, Liu G, McDougall K, Milbau A, Pauchard A, Rew LJ (2016) Plant invasions into mountains and alpine ecosystems: current status and future challenges. Alpine Bot 126(2):89–103CrossRef
Allen CD, Macalady AK, Chenchouni H, Bachelet D, McDowell N, Vennetier M, Kitzberger T, Rigling A, Breshears DD, Hogg ET, Gonzalez P, Fensham R, Zhang Z, Castro J, Demidova N, Lim JH, Allard G, Running SW, Semerci A, Cobb N (2010) A global overview of drought and heat induced tree mortality reveals emerging climate change risks for forests. For Ecol Manag 259:660–684CrossRef
Allison SD, Treseder KK (2008) Warming and drying suppress microbial activity and carbon cycling in boreal forest soils. Glob Change Biol 14:2898–2909CrossRef
Altizer S, Ostfeld RS, Johnson PTJ, Kutz S, Harvell CD (2013) Climate change and infectious diseases: from evidence to a predictive framework. Science 341:514–519CrossRef
Astrup R, Bernier PY, Genet H, Lutz DA, Bright RM (2018) A sensible climate solution for the boreal forest. Nat Clim Change 8:11–12CrossRef
Audsley E, Trnka M, Sabaté S, Sanchez A (2015) Interactive modelling of land profitability to estimate European agricultural and forest land use under future scenarios of climate, socio-economics and adaptation. Clim Chang 128:215–227CrossRef
Auffret AG, Plue J, Cousins SAO (2015) The spatial and temporal components of functional connectivity in fragmented landscapes. Ambio 44:51–59CrossRef
Augustaitis A, Bytnerowicz A (2008) Contribution of ambient ozone to scots pine defoliation and reduced growth in the Central European forests: a Lithuanian case study. Environ Pollut 155:436–445CrossRef
Austin MP, van Niel KP (2011) Improving species distribution models for climate change studies: variable selection and scale. J Biogeogr 38:1–8CrossRef
Bajracharya SR, Mool PK, Shrestha BR (2007) Impact of climate change on Himalayan Glaciers and Glacial Lakes: case studies on GLOF and associated hazards in Nepal and Bhutan, Kathmandu. ICIMOD, Nepal
Baker AC, Glynn PW, Riegl B (2008) Climate change and coral reef bleaching: an ecological assessment of long-term impacts, recovery trends and future outlook. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 80(4):435–471CrossRef
Bala G, Caldeira K, Wickett M, Phillips TJ, Lobell DB, Delire C, Mirin A (2007) Combined climate and carbon-cycle effects of large-scale deforestation. Proc Natl Acad Sci 104:6550–6555CrossRef
Balshi MS, McGuire AD, Zhuang Q, Melillo J, Kicklighter DW, Kasischke E, Wirth C, Flannigan M, Harden J, Clein JS, Burnside TJ, McAllister J, Kurz WA, Apps M, Shvidenko A (2007) The role of historical fire disturbance in the carbon dynamics of the pan-boreal region: a process-based analysis. J Geophys Res 112:G02029CrossRef
Barnosky AD, Matzke N, Tomiya S, Wogan GOU, Swartz B, Quental TB, Marshall C, McGuire JL, Lindsey EL, Maguire KC, Mersey B, Ferrer EA (2011) Has the Earth’s sixth mass extinction already arrived? Nature 471:51–57CrossRef
Barr AG, Black TA, Hogg EH, Griffis TJ, Morgenstern K, Kljun N, Theede A, Nesic Z (2007) Climatic controls on the carbon and water balances of a boreal aspen forest, 1994–2003. Glob Change Biol 13:561–576CrossRef
Bebber DP, Ramotowski MT, Gurr SJ (2013) Crop pests and pathogens move polewards in a warming world. Nat Clim Change 3:985–988CrossRef
Beedlow PA, Tingey DT, Phillips DL, Hogsett WE, Olszyk DM (2004) Rising atmospheric CO2 and carbon sequestration in forests. Front Ecol Environ 2:315–322
Beer C, Reichstein M, Tomelleri E, Ciais P, Jung M, Carvalhais N, Rödenbeck C, Arain MA, Baldocchi D, Bonan GB, Bondeau A, Cescatti A, Lasslop G, Lindroth A, Lomas M, Luyssaert S, Margolis H, Oleson KW, Roupsard O, Veenendaal E, Viovy N, Williams C, Woodward FI, Papale D (2010) Terrestrial gross carbon dioxide uptake: global distribution and covariation with climate. Science 1184984
Beerling DJ, Heath J, Woodward FI, Mansfield TA (1996) Drought-CO2 interactions in trees: observations and mechanisms. New Phytol 134:235–242CrossRef
Benton MJ, Twitchett RJ (2003) How to kill (almost) all life: the end-Permian extinction event. Trends Ecol Evol 18:358–365CrossRef
Bettinger P, Boston K, Siry JP, Grebner DL (2017) Forest management and planning. Academic Press, LondonCrossRef
Betts RA (2000) Offset of the potential carbon sink from boreal forestation by decreases in surface albedo. Nature 408:187–190CrossRef
Betts RA, Cox PM, Collins M, Harris PP, Huntingford C, Jones CD (2004) The role of ecosystem-atmosphere interactions in simulated Amazonian precipitation decrease and forest dieback under global climate warming. Theor Appl Climatol 78(1–3):157–175
Bhattarai U (2017) Impacts of climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem services: direction for future research. Hydro Nepal 20:41–48CrossRef
Bhuiyan MA, Jabeen M, Zaman K, Khan A, Ahmad J, Hishan SS (2018) The impact of climate change and energy resources on biodiversity loss: evidence from a panel of selected Asian countries. Renew Energy 117:324–340CrossRef
Billings SA, Gaydess EA (2008) Soil nitrogen and carbon dynamics in a fragmented landscape experiencing forest succession. Land Ecol 23:581–593CrossRef
Birdsey R (1992) Carbon storage and accumulation in the United States forest ecosystems. General technical report WO-59. US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington, DC
Bonan GB (2008) Forests and climate change: forcings, feedbacks, and the climate benefits of forests. Science 320(5882):1444–1449CrossRef
Bradley BA, Oppenheimer M, Wilcove DS (2009) Climate change and plant invasions: restoration opportunities ahead? Glob Change Biol 15(6):1511–1521CrossRef
Bragg DC, Shelton MG, Zeide B (2003) Impacts and management implications of ice storms on forests in the southern United States. Forest Ecol Manag 186:99–123CrossRef
Brando PM, Balch JK, Nepstad DC, Morton DC, Putz FE, Coe MT, Silvério D, Macedo MN, Davidson EA, Nóbrega CC, Alencar A, Soares-Filho BS (2014) Abrupt increases in Amazonian tree mortality due to drought—fire interactions. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111:6347–6352CrossRef
Brecka AFJ, Shahi C, Chen HYH (2018) Climate change impacts on boreal forest timber supply. For Policy Econ 92:11–21CrossRef
Breda N, Huc R, Granier A, Dreyer E (2006) Temperate forest trees and stands under severe drought: a review of ecophysiological responses, adaptation processes and long-term consequences. Ann For Sci 63:625–644CrossRef
Brown M, Black TA, Nesic Z, Foord VN, Spittlehouse DL, Fredeen AL, Grant NJ, Burton PJ, Trofymow JA (2010) Impact of mountain pine beetle on the net ecosystem production of lodgepole pine stands in British Columbia. Agric For Meteor 150:254–264CrossRef
Brown S, Iverson LR, Prasad A, Liu D (1993) Geographical distributions of carbon in biomass and soils of tropical Asian forests. Geocarto Int 8(4):45–59CrossRef
Bruno JF, Stachowicz JJ, Bertness MD (2003) Inclusion of facilitation into ecological theory. Trends Ecol Evol 18:119–125CrossRef
Bryant D, Nielsen D, Tangley L (1997) The last frontier forests: ecosystems and economics on the edge. World Resources Institute, Washington, DC
Buitenwerf R, Rose L, Higgins SI (2015) Three decades of multi-dimensional change in global leaf phenology. Nat Clim Change 5:364–368CrossRef
Camill P (2005) Permafrost thaw accelerates in boreal peatlands during late-20th century climate warming. Clim Change 68:135–152CrossRef
Canadell JG, Mooney HA (2002) Biological and ecological dimensions of global environmental change. Encyclopedia of global environmental change. Wiley, Chichester, UK
Canadell JG, Raupach MR (2008) Managing forests for climate change mitigation. Science 320:1456–1457CrossRef
Cattanio JH, Davidson EA, Nepstad DC, Verchot LV, Ackerman IL (2002) Unexpected results of a pilot throughfall exclusion experiment on soil emissions of CO2, CH4, N2O, and NO in eastern Amazonia. Biol Fert Soils 36:102–108CrossRef
Champion SH, Seth SK (1968) A revised survey of the forest types of India. The Manager of Publications, Delhi, India
Chen D, Zhang C, Wu J, Zhou L, Lin Y, Fu S (2011) Subtropical plantations are large carbon sinks: evidence from two monoculture plantations in South China. Agric For Meteor 151:1214–1225CrossRef
Chen WJ, Black TA, Yang PC, Barr AG, Neumann HH, Nesic Z, Blanken PD, Novak MD, Eley J, Ketler RJ, Cuenca A (1999) Effects of climatic variability on the annual carbon sequestration by a boreal aspen forest. Glob Change Biol 5:41–53CrossRef
Cheung WW, Lam VW, Sarmiento JL, Kearney K, Watson RE, Zeller D, Pauly D (2010) Large-scale redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change. Glob Change Biol 16:24–35CrossRef
Chiabai A, Quiroga S, Martinez-Juarez P, Higgins S, Taylor T (2018) The nexus between climate change, ecosystem services and human health: towards a conceptual framework. Sci Total Environ 635:1191–1204CrossRef
Cleland EE, Chiariello NR, Loarie SR, Mooney HA, Field CB (2006) Diverse responses of phenology to global changes in a grassland ecosystem. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 103:13740–13744CrossRef
Clements DR, Ditommaso A (2011) Climate change and weed adaptation: can evolution of invasive plants lead to greater range expansion than forecasted? Weed Res 51(3):227–240CrossRef
Clifton CF, Day KT, Luce CH, Grant GE, Safeeq M, Halofsky JE, Staab BP (2018) Effects of climate change on hydrology and water resources in the Blue Mountains, Oregon, USA. Clim Services 10:9–19CrossRef
Cline WR (2007) Global warming and agriculture: Impact estimates by country. Center for Global Development, Peterson Institute for International Economics, Washington, DC
Coley PD (1998) Possible effects of climate change on plant/herbivore interactions in moist tropical forests. Clim Change 39:455–472CrossRef
Connelly SJ, Wolyniak EA, Williamson CE, Jellison KL (2007) Artificial UV-B and solar radiation reduce in vitro infectivity of the human pathogen Cryptosporidium parvum. Environ Sci Technol 41:7101–7106CrossRef
Corlett RT (2018) Tropical rainforests and climate change. Encycl Anthr 2:25–29CrossRef
Corlett RT, Primack PB (2011) Tropical rainforests: an ecological and biogeographical comparison. Wiley, OxfordCrossRef
Coulson SJ, Leinaas HP, Ims RA, Sovik G (2000) Experimental manipulation of the winter surface ice layer: the effects on a High Arctic soil microarthropod community. Ecography 23:299–306CrossRef
Crowther TW, Glick HB, Covey KR, Bettigole C, Maynard DS, Thomas SM, Smith JR, Hintler G, Duguid MC, Amatulli G, Tuanmu MN, Jetz W, Salas C, Stam C, Piotto D, Tavani R, Green S, Bruce G, Williams SJ, Wiser SK, Huber MO, Hengeveld GM, Nabuurs GJ, Tikhonova E, Borchardt P, Li CF, Powrie LW, Fischer M, Hemp A, Homeier J, Cho P, Vibrans AC, Umunay PM, Piao SL, Rowe CW, Ashton MS, Crane PR, Bradford MA (2015) Mapping tree density at a global scale. Nature 525:201–205CrossRef
Dale VH, Joyce LA, McNulty S, Neilson RP, Ayres MP, Flannigan MD, Hanson PJ, Irland LC, Lugo AE, Peterson CJ, Simberloff D, Swanson FJ, Stocks BJ, Wotton BM (2001) Climate change and forest disturbances. Bioscience 51:723–734CrossRef
Damschen EI, Haddad NM, Orrock JL, Tewksbury JJ, Levey DJ (2006) Corridors increase plant species richness at large scales. Science 313:1284–1286CrossRef
Danovaro R, Gambi C, Dell’Anno A, Corinaldesi C, Fraschetti S, Vanreusel A, Vincx M, Gooday AJ (2008) Exponential decline of deep-sea ecosystem functioning linked to benthic biodiversity loss. Curr Biol 18(1):1–8CrossRef
Dantas-Torres F (2015) Climate change, biodiversity, ticks and tick-borne diseases: The butterfly effect. Int J Parasitol Parasites Wildl 4:452–461CrossRef
Dar JA, Rather MY, Subashree K, Sundarapandian SM, Khan ML (2017) Distribution patterns of tree, understorey, and detritus biomass in coniferous and broad-leaved forests of Western Himalaya, India. J Sust For 36(8):787–805CrossRef
Dar JA, Sundarapandian SM (2015) Variation of biomass and carbon pools with forest type in temperate forests of Kashmir Himalaya, India. Environ Monit Assess 187(2):55CrossRef
Dash SK, Hunt JCR (2007) Variability of climate change in India. Curr Sci 93(6):782–788
Dawson TP, Jackson ST, House JI, Prentice IC, Mace GM (2011) Beyond predictions: biodiversity conservation in a changing climate. Science 332:53–58CrossRef
Day JW, Christian RR, Boesch DM, Yáñez-Arancibia A, Morris J, Twilley RR, Naylor L, Schaffner L, Stevenson C (2008) Consequences of climate change on the ecogeomorphology of coastal wetlands. Estuar Coasts 31(3):477–491CrossRef
de Andrade RB, Balch JK, Parsons AL, Armenteras D, Roman-Cuesta RM, Bulkan J (2017) Scenarios in tropical forest degradation: carbon stock trajectories for REDD+. Carbon Balance Manage 12(1):6CrossRef
de la Barrera F, Barraza F, Favier P, Ruiz V, Quense J (2018) Megafires in Chile 2017: monitoring multiscale environmental impacts of burned ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 637–638:1526–1536CrossRef
de Vries W, Posch M, Simpson D, Reinds GJ (2017) Modelling long-term impacts of changes in climate, nitrogen deposition and ozone exposure on carbon sequestration of European forest ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 605–606:1097–1116CrossRef
DeLuca TH, Aplet GH (2008) Charcoal and carbon storage in forest soils of the Rocky Mountain West. Front Ecol Environ 6:18–24CrossRef
Denman KL, Brasseur G, Chidthaisong A, Ciais P, Cox PM, Dickinson RE, Hauglustaine D, Heinze C, Holland E, Jacob D, Lohmann U, Ramachandran S, da Silva Dias PL, Wofsy SC, Zhang X (2007) Couplings between changes in the climate system and biogeochemistry. In: Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, Chen Z, Marquis M, Averyt KB, Tignor M, Miller HL (eds) Climate change 2007: the physical science basis. contribution of working group I to the fourth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, USA, pp 499–587
Dixon RK, Solomon AM, Brown S, Houghton RA, Trexier MC, Wisniewski J (1994) Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. Science 263(5144):185–190CrossRef
Dobson A, Lodge D, Alder J, Cumming GS, Keymer J, McGlade J, Mooney H, Rusak JA, Sala O, Wolters V, Wall D (2006) Habitat loss, trophic collapse, and the decline of ecosystem services. Ecology 87(8):1915–1924CrossRef
Doll P, Zhang J (2010) Impact of climate change on freshwater ecosystems: a global-scale analysis of ecologically relevant river flow alterations. Hydrol Earth Syst Sci 14:783–799CrossRef
Drielsma MJ, Love J, Williams KJ, Manion G, Saremi H, Harwood T, Robb J (2017) Bridging the gap between climate science and regional-scale biodiversity conservation in south-eastern Australia. Ecol Modell 360:343–362CrossRef
Early R, Bradley BA, Dukes JS, Lawler JJ, Olden JD, Blumenthal DM, Gonzalez P, Grosholz ED, Ibañez I, Miller LP, Sorte CJB, Tatem AJ (2016) Global threats from invasive alien species in the twenty-first century and national response capacities. Nat Comm 7:12485CrossRef
Edwards AC, Scalenghe R, Freppaz M (2007) Changes in the seasonal snow cover of alpine regions and its effect on soil processes: a review. Quat Int 162–163:172–181CrossRef
Edwards CJ, Suchard MA, Lemey P, Welch JJ, Barnes I, Fulton TL, Barnett R, O’Connell TC, Coxon P, Monaghan N, Valdiosera CE, Lorenzen ED, Willerslev E, Baryshnikov GF, Rambaut A, Thomas MG, Bradley DG, Shapiro B (2011) Ancient hybridization and an Irish origin for the modern polar bear matriline. Curr Biol 21:1251–1258CrossRef
Ellison D, Morris CE, Locatelli B, Sheil D, Cohen J, Murdiyarso D, Gutierrez V, van Noordwijk M, Creed IF, Pokorny J, Gaveau D, Spracklen DV, Tobella AB, Ilstedt U, Teuling AJ, Gebrehiwot SG, Sands DC, Muys B, Verbist B, Springgay E, Sugandi Y, Sullivan CA (2017) Trees, forests and water: Cool insights for a hot world. Glob Environ Change 43:51–61. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​gloenvcha.​2017.​01.​002CrossRef
Espeland EK, Kettenring KM (2018) Strategic plant choices can alleviate climate change impacts: a review. J Environ Manage 222:316–324CrossRef
Esperón-Rodríguez M, Bonifacio-Bautista M, Barradas VL (2016) Socio-economic vulnerability to climate change in the central mountainous region of eastern Mexico. Ambio 45:146–160CrossRef
Estrada A, Garber PA, Rylands AB, Roos C, Fernandez-Duque E, Di Fiore A, Nekaris KAI, Nijman V, Heymann EW, Lambert JE, Rovero F, Barelli C, Setchell JM, Gillespie TR, Mittermeier RA, Arregoitia LV, de Guinea M, Gouveia S, Dobrovolski R, Shanee S, Shanee N, Boyle SA, Fuentes A, MacKinnon KC, Amato KR, Meyer ALS, Wich S, Sussman RW, Pan R, Kone I, Li B (2017) Impending extinction crisis of the world’s primates: why primates matter. Sci Adv 3:e1600946CrossRef
Fanzo J, Davis C, McLaren R, Choufani J (2018) The effect of climate change across food systems: implications for nutrition outcomes. Glob Food Sec 18:12–19CrossRef
Field CB, Lobell DB, Peters HA, Chiariello NR (2007) Feedbacks of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change. Annu Rev Environ Resour 32:1–29CrossRef
Fiorese G, Guariso G (2013) Modeling the role of forests in a regional carbon mitigation plan. Renew Energy 52:175–182CrossRef
Fischer G, Shah M, Tubiello FN, van Velhuizen H (2005) Socio-economic and climate change impacts on agriculture: An integrated assessment, 1990–2080. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 360:2067–2083CrossRef
Fischlin A, Midgley GF, Price J, Leemans R, Gopal B, Turley C, Rounsevell MDA, Dube P, Tarazona J, Velichko AA (2007) Ecosystems, their properties, goods and services. In: Parry ML, Canziani OF, Palutikof JP, van der Linden PJ, Hanson CE (eds) Climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 211–272
Fitter AH, Fitter RSR (2002) Rapid changes in flowering time in British plants. Science 296:1689–1691CrossRef
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2000) Comparison of forest area and forest area change estimates derived from FRA 1990 and FRA 2000. Forest Resources Assessment, UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2010) Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010. FAO, Rome, Italy
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2013) Guide for country reporting for FRA 2015. FRA 2015 working paper. UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (2015) Global forest resources assessment 2015. FAO Forestry Research Paper 180, Rome, Italy
Frey BR, Lieffers VJ, Hogg EH, Landhausser SM (2004) Predicting landscape patterns of aspen dieback: mechanisms and knowledge gaps. Can J Forest Res 34:1379–1390CrossRef
Gao Q, Guo Y, Xu H, Ganjurjav H, Li Y, Wan Y, Qin X, Ma X, Liu S (2016) Climate change and its impacts on vegetation distribution and net primary productivity of the alpine ecosystem in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Sci Total Environ 554–555:34–41CrossRef
Garcia RA, Cabeza M, Rahbek C, Araújo MB (2014) Multiple dimensions of climate change and their implications for biodiversity. Science 344:1247579CrossRef
Gauthier S, Bernier P, Kuuluvainen T, Shvidenko AZ, Schepaschenko DG (2015) Boreal forest health and global change. Science 349:819–822CrossRef
Gibson L, Lynam AJ, Bradshaw CJA, He F, Bickford DP, Woodruff DS, Bumrungsri S, Laurance WF (2013) Near-complete extinction of native small mammal fauna 25 years after forest fragmentation. Science 341:1508–1510CrossRef
Gilman RT, Fabina NS, Abbott KC, Rafferty NE (2011) Evolution of plant–pollinator mutualism in response to climate change. Evol Appl 5:2–16CrossRef
Goers L, Ashton MS, Tyrrell ML (2012) Introduction. In: Ashton MS, Tyrrell ML, Spalding D, Gentry B (eds) Managing forest carbon in a changing climate. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 1–4
Gorte RW(2007) Carbon sequestration in forests. CRS report for congress RL31432. Congressional Research Service
Goulden ML, Munger JW, Fan SM, Daube BC, Wofsy SC (1996) Exchange of carbon dioxide by a deciduous forest: response to interannual climate variability. Science 271:1576–1578CrossRef
Grassi G, den Elzen MG, Hof AF, Pilli R, Federici S (2012) The role of the land use, land use change and forestry sector in achieving Annex I reduction pledges. Clim Change 115:873–881CrossRef
Grassi G, House J, Dentener F, Federici S, Den Elzen M, Penman J (2017) The key role of forests in meeting climate targets requires science for credible mitigation. Nat Clim Change 7:220–226CrossRef
Grimm NB, Chapin FS, Bierwagen B, Gonzalez P, Groffman PM, Luo Y, Melton F, Nadelhoffer K, Pairis A, Raymond PA, Schimel J, Williamson CE (2013) The impacts of climate change on ecosystem structure and function. Front Ecol Environ 11:474–482CrossRef
Guo J, Gong P (2017) The potential and cost of increasing forest carbon sequestration in Sweden. J For Econ 29:78–86
Haddad NM, Brudvig LA, Clobert J, Davies KF, Gonzalez A, Holt RD, Lovejoy TE, Sexton JO, Austin MP, Collins CD, Cook WM, Damschen EI, Ewers RM, Foster BL, Jenkins CN, King AJ, Laurance WF, Levey DJ, Margules CR, Melbourne BA, Nicholls AO, Orrock JL, Song DX, Townshend JR (2015) Habitat fragmentation and its lasting impact on Earth’s ecosystems. Sci Adv 1(2):e1500052CrossRef
Hamilton JA, Miller JM (2016) Adaptive introgression as a resource for management and genetic conservation in a changing climate. Conserv Biol 30:33–41CrossRef
Hamlet AF, Elsner MM, Mauger GS, Lee SY, Tohver I, Norheim RA (2013) An overview of the Columbia Basin Climate Change Scenarios Project: approach, methods, and summary of key results. Atmos-Ocean 51(4):392–415CrossRef
Hamlet AF, Mote PW, Clark MP, Lettenmaier DP (2005) Effects of temperature and precipitation variability on snowpack trends in the western U.S. J Clim 18:4545–4561CrossRef
Hannah L, Bird A (2018) Climate change and biodiversity: impacts. Encycl Anthr 3:249–258CrossRef
Hansen MC, Potapov PV, Moore R, Hancher M, Turubanova SA, Tyukavina A, Thau D, Stehman SV, Goetz SJ, Loveland TR, Kommareddy A, Egorov A, Chini L, Justice CO, Townshend JRG (2013) High-resolution global maps of 21st-century forest cover change. Science 342(6160):850–853CrossRef
Harden JW, O’Neill KP, Trumbore SE, Veldhuis H, Stocks BJ (1997) Moss and soil contributions to the annual net carbon flux of a maturing boreal forest. J Geophys Res Atmos 102:28805–28816CrossRef
Harden JW, Trumbore SE, Stocks BJ, Hirsch A, Gower ST, O’Neill KP, Kasischke ES (2000) The role of fire in the boreal carbon budget. Glob Change Biol 6:174–184CrossRef
Hegland SJ, Nielsen A, Lázaro A, Bjerknes AL, Totland O (2009) How does climate warming affect plant-pollinator interactions? Ecol Lett 12:184–195CrossRef
Henry HAL (2008) Climate change and soil freezing dynamics: historical trends and projected changes. Clim Change 87:421–434CrossRef
Hernández-Delgado EA (2015) The emerging threats of climate change on tropical coastal ecosystem services, public health, local economies and livelihood sustainability of small islands: Cumulative impacts and synergies. Mar Pollut Bull 101:5–28CrossRef
Hicke JA, Allen CD, Desai AR, Dietze MC, Hall RJ, Hogg EH, Kashian DM, Moore D, Raffa KF, Sturrock RN, Vogelmann J (2012) Effects of biotic disturbances on forest carbon cycling in the United States and Canada. Glob Change Biol 18:7–34CrossRef
Hinckley TM, Teskey RO, Duhme F, Richter H (1981) Temperate hardwood forests. In: Kozlowski TT (ed) Water defi cits and plant growth, vol 6, Woody plant communities. Academic, New York
Hisano M, Searle EB, Chen HYH (2018) Biodiversity as a solution to mitigate climate change impacts on the functioning of forest ecosystems. Biol Rev 93:439–456CrossRef
Hoegh-Guldberg O, Hughes L, McIntyre S, Lindenmayer DB, Parmesan C, Possingham HP, Thomas CD (2008) Assisted colonization and rapid climate change. Science 321:345–346CrossRef
Hooper DU, Adair EC, Cardinale BJ, Byrnes JEK, Hungate BA, Matulich KL, Gonzalez A, Duffy JE, Gamfeldt L, O’Connor MI (2012) A global synthesis reveals biodiversity loss as a major driver of ecosystem change. Nature 486:105–108CrossRef
Hu K, Chen Q, Wang H (2015) A numerical study of vegetation impact on reducing storm surge by wetlands in a semi-enclosed estuary. Coast Eng 95:66–76CrossRef
Hui D, Deng Q, Tian H, Luo Y (2017) Climate change and carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. In: Chen WY, Suzuki T, Lackner M (eds) Handbook of climate change mitigation and adaptation, pp 555–594
Hurteau MD, Bradford JB, Fulé PZ, Taylor AH, Martin KL (2014) Climate change, fire management, and ecological services in the southwestern US. For Ecol Manage 327:280–289CrossRef
Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2013) Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (eds) Climate change 2013: the physical science basis: contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2014) Climate change 2014: synthesis report. In: Pachauri RK, Meyer LA (eds) Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the Fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. IPCC, Geneva
Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) (2016) Summary for policymakers of the assessment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on pollinators, pollination and food production. In: Potts SG, Imperatriz-Fonseca VL, Ngo HT, Biesmeijer JC, Breeze TD, Dicks LV, Garibaldi LA, Hill R, Settele J, Vanbergen AJ, Aizen MA, Cunningham SA, Eardley C, Freitas BM, Gallai N, Kevan PG, Kovacs-Hostyanszki A, Kwapong PK, Li J, Li X, Martins DJ, Nates-Parra G, Pettis JS, Rader R, Viana BF (eds) The assessment report of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services on pollinators, pollination and food production. Secretariat of the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services, Bonn, Germany
Iordan CM, Verones F, Cherubini F (2018) Integrating impacts on climate change and biodiversity from forest harvest in Norway. Ecol Indic 89:411–421CrossRef
Jackson RB, Randerson JT, Canadell JG, Anderson RG, Avissar R, Baldocchi DD, Bonan GB, Caldeira K, Diffenbaugh NS, Field CB, Hungate BA, Jobbágy EG, Kueppers LM, Nosetto MD, Pataki DE (2008) Protecting climate with forests. Environ Res Lett 3(4):044006CrossRef
Jackson ST, Overpeck JT (2000) Responses of plant populations and communities to environmental changes of the late Quaternary. Paleobiology 26:194–220CrossRef
Jarvis PG (1989) Atmospheric carbon-dioxide and forests. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 324:369–392CrossRef
Jenkins M (1992) Species Extinction. In: Groombridge B (ed) Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth’s Living Resources. Compiled by the World Conservation Monitoring Centre (WCMC). Chapman and Hall, London, pp 192–205
Jobbagy EG, Jackson RB (2000) The vertical distribution of soil organic carbon and its relation to climate and vegetation. Ecol Appl 10(2):423–436CrossRef
Kappelle M, Van Vuuren MMI, Baas P (1999) Effects of climate change on biodiversity: a review and identification of key research issues. Biodivers Conserv 8:1383–1397CrossRef
Karl TR, Trenberth KE (2003) Modern global climate change. Science 302(5651):1719–1723CrossRef
Kasischke ES, Christensen NL, Stocks BJ (1995) Fire, global warming, and the carbon balance of boreal forests. Ecol Appl 5:437–451CrossRef
Kasischke ES, Turetsky MR (2006) Recent changes in the fire regime across the North American boreal region—spatial and temporal patterns of burning across Canada and Alaska. Geophys Res Lett 33:L09703
Keenan RJ, Reams GA, Achard F, de Freitas JV, Grainger A, Lindquist E (2015) Dynamics of global forest area: results from the FAO Global Forest Resources Assessment 2015. For Ecol Manage 352:9–20CrossRef
Kellomaki S (2000) Forests of the boreal region: gaps in knowledge and research needs. For Ecol Manage 132:63–71CrossRef
Kets K, Darbah JN, Sober A, Riikonen J, Sober J, Karnosky DF (2010) Diurnal changes in photosynthetic parameters of Populus tremuloides, modulated by elevated concentrations of CO2 and/or O3 and daily climatic variation. Environ Pollut 158:1000–1007CrossRef
Kim DH, Sexton JO, Townshend JR (2015) Accelerated deforestation in the humid tropics from the 1990s to the 2000s. Geophys Res Lett 42:3495–3501CrossRef
Kishwan J, Pandey R, Dadhwal VK (2009) India’s forest and tree cover: contribution as a carbon sink. Technical Pap 130:1–12
Koh LP, Ghazoul J (2010) Spatially explicit scenario analysis for reconciling agricultural expansion, forest protection, and carbon conservation in Indonesia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 107:11140–11144CrossRef
Kumar K (2005) Receding glaciers in the Indian Himalayan region. Curr Sci 88(3):342–343
Kumar V, Chopra AK (2009) Impact of climate change on biodiversity of India with special reference to Himalayan region—an overview. J Appl Nat Sci 1:117–122CrossRef
Kurz WA, Dymond CC, Stinson G, Rampley GJ, Neilson ET, Carroll AL, Ebata T, Safranyik L (2008) Mountain pine beetle and forest carbon feedback to climate change. Nature 452:987–990CrossRef
Lackner M, Chen WY, Suzuki T (2012) Introduction to climate change mitigation. In: Chen WY, Seiner J, Suzuki T, Lackner M (eds) Handbook of Climate Change Mitigation. Springer, New York, pp 1–9
Lambin EF, Meyfroidt P (2011) Global land use change, economic globalization, and the looming land scarcity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108:3465–3472CrossRef
Lamsal P, Kumar L, Aryal A, Atreya K (2018) Invasive alien plant species dynamics in the Himalayan region under climate change. Ambio 47:697–710CrossRef
Landsberg JJ, Gower ST (1997) Applications of physiological ecology to forest management. Academic, San Diego, CA
Laurance WF, Nascimento HEM, Laurance SG, Andrade A, Ewers RM, Harms KE, Luizão RCC, Ribeiro JE (2007) Habitat fragmentation, variable edge effects, and the landscape-divergence hypothesis. PLoS ONE 10:e1017CrossRef
Lee X, Goulden ML, Hollinger DY, Barr A, Black TA, Bohrer G, Bracho R, Drake B, Goldstein A, Gu L, Katul G, Kolb T, Law BE, Margolis H, Meyers T, Monson R, Munger W, Oren R, Paw UKT, Richardson AD, Schmid HP, Staebler R, Wofsy S, Zhao L (2011) Observed increase in local cooling effect of deforestation at higher latitudes. Nature 479:384–387CrossRef
Lewis SL, Brando PM, Phillips OL, van der Heijden GM, Nepstad D (2011) The 2010 amazon drought. Science 331(6017):554CrossRef
Lewis SL, Edwards DP, Galbraith D (2015) Increasing human dominance of tropical forests. Science 349:827–832CrossRef
Lindner M, Maroschek M, Netherer S, Kremer A, Barbati A, Garcia-Gonzalo J, Seidl R, Delzon S, Corona P, Kolström M, Lexer MJ, Marchetti M (2010) Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and vulnerability of European forest ecosystems. For Ecol Manag 259:698–709CrossRef
Lindroth A, Grelle A, Moren AS (1998) Long-term measurements of boreal forest carbon balance reveal large temperature sensitivity. Glob Change Biol 4:443–450CrossRef
Lorenz K, Lal R (2010) Carbon sequestration in forest ecosystems. Springer, The NetherlandsCrossRef
Luo Y, Chen HY (2015) Climate change-associated tree mortality increases without decreasing water availability. Ecol Lett 18:1207–1215CrossRef
MacArthur RH, Wilson EO (1967) The theory of Island biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey
Maiti S, Jha SK, Garai S, Nag A, Bera AK, Paul V, Upadhaya RC, Deb SM (2017) An assessment of social vulnerability to climate change among the districts of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Ecol Indic 77:105–113CrossRef
Malcolm JR, Liu C, Neilson RP, Hansen L, Hannah LE (2006) Global warming and extinctions of endemic species from biodiversity hotspots. Conserv Biol 20:538–548CrossRef
Malhi Y, Baldocchi DD, Jarvis PG (1999) The carbon balance of tropical, temperate and boreal forests. Plant Cell Environ 22:715–740CrossRef
Malhi Y, Nobre A, Grace J, Kruijt B, Pereira M, Culf A, Scott S (1998) Carbon dioxide transfer over a central Amazonian rain forest. J Geophys Res Atmos 103:31593–31612CrossRef
Malhi Y, Roberts JT, Betts RA, Killeen TJ, Li W, Nobre CA (2008) Climate change, deforestation, and the fate of the Amazon. Science 319(5860):169–172CrossRef
Martin PH, Nabuurs G-J, Aubinet M, Karjalainen T, Vine EL, Kinsman J, Heath LS (2001) Carbon sinks in temperate forests. Annu Rev Energy Environ 26:435–465CrossRef
Matlack GR (1993) Microenvironment variation within and among deciduous forest edge sites in the eastern United States. Biol Conserv 66:185–194CrossRef
Mayhew PJ, Jenkins GB, Benton TG (2008) A long-term association between global temperature and biodiversity, origination and extinction in the fossil record. Proc R Soc B 275:47–53CrossRef
McDowell N, Pockman WT, Allen CD, Breshears DD, Cobb N, Kolb T, Plaut J, Sperry J, West A, Williams DG, Yepez EA (2008) Mechanisms of plant survival and mortality during drought: why do some plants survive while others succumb to drought? New Phytol 178(4):719–739CrossRef
Meister K, Ashton MS, Craven D, Griscom H (2012) Carbon Dynamics of tropical forests. In: Ashton MS, Tyrrell ML, Spalding D, Gentry B (eds) Managing forest carbon in a changing climate. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 51–75CrossRef
Melkania NP (2009) Climate change, forests and people: the business under fire. For Bull 9(2):1–7
Memmott J, Craze PG, Waser NM, Price MV (2007) Global warming and the disruption of plant-pollinator interactions. Ecol Lett 10:710–717CrossRef
Milakovsky B, Frey B, James T (2012) Carbon dynamics in the boreal forest. In: Ashton MS, Tyrrell ML, Spalding D, Gentry B (eds) Managing forest carbon in a changing climate. Springer, The Netherlands, pp 109–135CrossRef
Mitchard ETA (2018) The tropical forest carbon cycle and climate change. Nature 559:527–534CrossRef
Mittermeier RA, Gil PR, Mittermeier CG (1997) Megadiversity: Earth’s biologically wealthiest nations. Conservation International, CEMEX, Mexico
Monzon J, Moyer-Horner L, Palamar MB (2011) Climate change and species range dynamics in protected areas. Bioscience 61:752–761CrossRef
Mooney H, Larigauderie A, Cesario M, Elmquist T, Hoegh-Guldberg O, Lavorel S, Mace GM, Palmer M, Scholes R, Yahara T (2009) Biodiversity, climate change, and ecosystem services. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 1:46–54CrossRef
Morris GP, Reis S, Beck SA, Fleming LE, Adger WN, Benton TG, Depledge MH (2017) Scoping the proximal and distal dimensions of climate change on health and wellbeing. Environ Health 16:116CrossRef
Morton JF (2007) The impact of climate change on smallholder and subsistence agriculture. Proc Natal Acad Sci 104:19680–19685CrossRef
Myers N (1979) The sinking arc. Pergamon Press, Oxford
Myers SS, Zanobetti A, Kloog I, Huybers P, Leakey AD, Bloom AJ, Carlisle E, Dietterich LH, Fitzgerald G, Hasegawa T, Holbrook NM, Nelson RL, Ottman MJ, Raboy V, Sakai H, Sartor KA, Schwartz J, Seneweera S, Tausz M, Usui Y (2014) Increasing CO2 threatens human nutrition. Nature 510(7503):139–142CrossRef
Naudts K, Chen Y, McGrath MJ, Ryder J, Valade A, Otto J, Luyssaert S (2016) Europe’s forest management did not mitigate climate warming. Science 351:597–600CrossRef
Nayar MP (1996) Hotspots of endemic plants of India, Nepal and Bhutan. Tropical Botanic Garden and Research Institute, Thiruvananthapuram, India
Nei M, Maruyama T, Chakraborty R (1975) The bottleneck effect and genetic variability of populations. Evolution 29:1–10CrossRef
Ninawe AS, Indulkar ST, Amin A (2018) Impact of climate change on fisheries. In: Singh RL, Mondal S (eds) Biotechnology for sustainable agriculture: emerging approaches and strategies. Woodhead Publishing, UK, pp 257–280CrossRef
Niu JM (2001) Impacts prediction of climatic change on distribution and production of grassland in Inner Mongolia. Acta Agrestia Sinica 9(4):277–282
Ochoa-Ochoa LM, Rodríguez P, Mora F, Flores-Villela O, Whittaker RJ (2012) Climate change and amphibian diversity patterns in Mexico. Biol Conserv 150:94–102CrossRef
Omann I, Stocker A, Jäger J (2009) Climate change as a threat to biodiversity: an application of the DPSIR approach. Ecol Econ 69(1):24–31CrossRef
Ordonez J, Luedeling E, Kindt R, Tata LH, Harja D, Jamnadass R, Van Noordwijk M (2014) Tree diversity along the forest transition curve: drivers, consequences and entry points for multifunctional agriculture. Curr Opin Environ Sustain 6:54–60CrossRef
Overholt EP, Hall SR, Williamson CE, Meikle CK, Duffy MA, Cáceres CE (2012) Solar radiation decreases parasitism in Daphnia. Ecol Lett 15:47–54CrossRef
Pacala S, Socolow R (2004) Stabilization wedges: solving the climate problem for the next 50 years with current technologies. Science 305:968–972CrossRef
Pan YD, Birdsey RA, Fang JY, Houghton R, Kauppi PE, Kurz WA, Phillips OL, Shvidenko A, Lewis SL, Canadell JG, Ciais P, Jackson RB, Pacala SW, McGuire AD, Piao S, Rautiainen A, Sitch S, Hayes D (2011) A large and persistent carbon sink in the world’s forests. Science 333:988–993CrossRef
Pan YD, Birdsey RA, Phillips OL, Jackson RB (2013) The structure, distribution, and biomass of the world’s forests. Annu Rev Ecol Evol Syst 44:593–622CrossRef
Paquette A, Messier C (2011) The effect of biodiversity on tree productivity: from temperate to boreal forests. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 20:170–180CrossRef
Parmesan C, Burrows MT, Duarte CM, Poloczanska ES, Richardson AJ, Schoeman DS, Singer MC (2013) Beyond climate change attribution in conservation and ecological research. Ecol Lett 16:58–71CrossRef
Parmesan C, Ryrholm N, Stefanescu C, Hill JK, Thomas CD, Descimon H, Huntley B, Kaila L, Kullberg J, Tammaru T, Tennent WJ, Thomas JA, Warren M (1999) Poleward shifts in geographical ranges of butterfly species associated with regional warming. Nature 399(6736):579–583CrossRef
Parmesan C, Yohe G (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems. Nature 421:37–42CrossRef
Parry M, Arnell N, McMichael T, Nicholls R, Martens P, Kovats S, Livermore M, Rosenzweig C, Iglesias A, Fischer G (2001) Millions at risk: defining critical climate change threats and targets. Glob Environ Change 11(3):181–183CrossRef
Pastor J, Post WM (1988) Response of northern forests to CO2-induced climate change. Nature 334:55–58CrossRef
Pecl GT, Araújo MB, Bell JD, Blanchard J, Bonebrake TC, Chen IC, Clark TD, Colwell RK, Danielsen F, Evengård B, Falconi L, Ferrier S, Frusher S, Garcia RA, Griffis RB, Hobday AJ, Janion-Scheepers C, Jarzyna MA, Jennings S, Lenoir J, Linnetved HI, Martin VY, McCormack PC, McDonald J, Mitchell NJ, Mustonen T, Pandolfi JM, Pettorelli N, Popova E, Robinson SA, Scheffers BR, Shaw JD, Sorte CJB, Strugnell JM, Sunday JM, Tuanmu MN, Vergés A, Villanueva C, Wernberg T, Wapstra E, Williams SE (2017) Biodiversity redistribution under climate change: impacts on ecosystems and human well-being. Science 355:1389CrossRef
Peichl M, Arain AA (2006) Above- and belowground ecosystem biomass and carbon pools in an age sequence of temperate pine plantation forests. Agric Forest Meteorol 140:51–63CrossRef
Penuelas J, Filella I (2009) Phenology feedbacks on climate change. Science 324(5929):887–888CrossRef
Penuelas J, Sardans J, Estiarte M, Ogaya R, Carnicer J, Coll M, Barbeta A, Rivas-Ubach A, Llusià J, Garbulsky M, Filella I, Jump AS (2013) Evidence of current impact of climate change on life: a walk from genes to the biosphere. Glob Chang Biol 19:2303–2338CrossRef
Pesce M, Critto A, Torresan S, Giubilato E, Santini M, Zirino A, Ouyang W, Marcomini A (2018) Modelling climate change impacts on nutrients and primary production in coastal waters. Sci Total Environ 628–629:919–937CrossRef
Phillips OL, Lewis SL, Baker TR, Chao KJ, Higuchi N (2008) The changing Amazon forest. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 363:1819–1827CrossRef
Pitelka LF (1997) Plant migration and climate change. Am Sci 85:464–473
Poff NL, Zimmerman JKH (2010) Ecological responses to altered flow regimes: a literature review to inform the science and management of environmental flows. Freshwater Biol 55:194–205CrossRef
Poloczanska ES, Brown CJ, Sydeman WJ, Kiessling W, Schoeman DS, Moore PJ, Brander K, Bruno JF, Buckley LB, Burrows MT, Duarte CM, Halpern BS, Holding J, Kappel CV, O’Connor MI, Pandolfi JM, Parmesan C, Schwing F, Thompson SA, Richardson AJ (2013) Global imprint of climate change on marine life. Nat Clim Change 3:919–925CrossRef
Pravalie R (2018) Major perturbations in the Earth’s forest ecosystems. Possible implications for global warming. Earth-Sci Rev 185:544–571CrossRef
Pregitzer KS, Euskirchen ES (2004) Carbon cycling and storage in world forests: biome patterns related to forest age. Glob Change Biol 10:2052–2077CrossRef
Pretzsch H, Biber P, Schütze G, Uhl E, Rötzer T (2014) Forest stand growth dynamics in Central Europe have accelerated since 1870. Nat Commun 5:4967CrossRef
Price OF, Williamson GJ, Henderson SB, Johnston F, Bowman DMJS (2012) The relationship between particulate pollution levels in Australian cities, meteorology, and landscape fire activity detected from MODIS hotspots. PLoS ONE 7:e47327CrossRef
Raffa KF, Aukema BH, Bentz BJ, Carroll AL, Hicke JA, Turner MG, Romme WH (2008) Cross-scale drivers of natural disturbances prone to anthropogenic amplification: the dynamics of bark beetle eruptions. Bioscience 58(6):501–517CrossRef
Rajashekar G, Fararoda R, Reddy RS, Jha CS, Ganeshaiah KN, Singh JS, Dadhwal VK (2018) Spatial distribution of forest biomass carbon (Above and below ground) in Indian forests. Ecol Indic 85:742–752CrossRef
Ramachandra TV, Chandran MD, Rao GR, Vishnu DM, Joshi NV (2015) Floristic diversity in Uttara Kannada district, Karnataka. In: Pullaiah T, Rani S (eds) Biodiversity in India, vol 8. Regency Publications, New Delhi, India
Ramirez F, Kallarackal J (2018) Climate change, tree pollination and conservation in the tropics: a research agenda beyond IPBES. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Chang 9:e502CrossRef
Randerson JT, Liu H, Flanner MG, Chambers SD, Jin Y, Hess PG, Pfister G, Mack MC, Treseder KK, Welp LR, Chapin FS, Harden JW, Goulden ML, Lyons E, Neff JC, Schuur EAG, Zender CS (2006) The impact of boreal forest fire on climate warming. Science 314:1130–1132CrossRef
Raufer R, Iyer S (2012) Emissions Trading. In: Chen WY, Seiner J, Suzuki T, Lackner M (eds) Handbook of climate change mitigation. Springer, New York, pp 235–275CrossRef
Ravindranath NH, Joshi NV, Sukumar R, Saxena A (2006) Impact of climate change on forests of India. Curr Sci 90(3):354–361
Reddy CS, Diwakar PG, Murthy YK (2017) Sustainable biodiversity management in india: remote sensing perspective. Proc Natl Acad Sci India Sec A: Phys Sci 87(4):617–627CrossRef
Reddy CS, Jha CS, Diwakar PG, Dadhwal VK (2015) Nationwide classification of forest types of India using remote sensing and GIS. Environ Monit Assess 187(12):777CrossRef
Reed DH (2012) Impact of climate change on biodiversity. In: Chen WY, Seiner J, Suzuki T, Lackner M (eds) Handbook of climate change mitigation. Springer, New York, pp 505–530CrossRef
Regehr EV, Lunn NJ, Amstrup SC, Stirling L (2007) Effects of earlier sea ice breakup on survival and population size of polar bears in western Hudson bay. J Wildl Manage 71:2673–2683CrossRef
Reich PB, Bolstad P (2001) Productivity of evergreen and deciduous temperate forests. In: Roy J, Saugier B, Mooney HA (eds) Terrestrial global productivity. Academic, San Diego, CA, pp 245–283CrossRef
Reichstein M (2007) Impacts of climate change on forest soil carbon: principles, factors, models, uncertainties. In: Freer-Smith PH, Broadmeadow MSJ, Lynch JM (eds) Forestry and climate change. CAB International, Wallingford, UK, pp 127–135CrossRef
Reijnders L (2012) Life cycle assessment of greenhouse gas emissions. In: Chen WY, Seiner J, Suzuki T, Lackner M (eds) Handbook of climate change mitigation. Springer, New York, pp 13–41CrossRef
Reinmann AB, Hutyra LR (2017) Edge effects enhance carbon uptake and its vulnerability to climate change in temperate broadleaf forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci 114:107–112CrossRef
Reiter P (2001) Climate change and mosquito-borne disease. Environ Health Perspect 109:141–161
Reubens B, Poesen J, Danjon F, Geudens G, Muys B (2007) The role of fine and coarse roots in shallow slope stability and soil erosion control with a focus on root system architecture: a review. Trees 21:385–402CrossRef
Rinawati F, Stein K, Lindner A (2013) Climate change impacts on biodiversity-the setting of a lingering global crisis. Diversity 5:114–123CrossRef
Robinson D (2007) Implications of a large global root biomass for carbon sink estimates and for soil carbon dynamics. Proc R Soc B 274:2753–2759CrossRef
Rockstrom J, Steffen W, Noone K, Persson A, Chapin FS III, Lambin EF, Lenton TM, Scheffer M, Folke C, Schellnhuber HJ, Nykvist B, de Wit CA, Hughes T, van der Leeuw S, Rodhe H, Sörlin S, Snyder PK, Costanza R, Svedin U, Falkenmark M, Karlberg L, Corell RW, Fabry VJ, Hansen J, Walker B, Liverman D, Richardson K, Crutzen P, Foley JA (2009) A safe operating space for humanity. Nature 461:472–475CrossRef
Rodgers WA, Panwar HS, Mathur VB (2002) Wildlife protected area network in india: a review: executive summary. Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
Rogora M, Frate L, Carranza ML, Freppaz M, Stanisci A, Bertani I, Bottarin R, Brambilla A, Canullo R, Carbognani M, Cerrato C, Chelli S, Cremonese E, Cutini M, Di Musciano M, Erschbamer B, Godone D, Iocchi M, Isabellon M, Magnani A, Mazzola L, Morra di Cella U, Pauli H, Petey M, Petriccione B, Porro F, Psenner R, Rossetti G, Scotti A, Sommaruga R, Tappeiner U, Theurillat JP, Tomaselli M, Viglietti D, Viterbi R, Vittoz P, Winkler M, Matteucci G (2018) Assessment of climate change effects on mountain ecosystems through a cross-site analysis in the Alps and Apennines. Sci Total Environ 624:1429–1442CrossRef
Rubidge EM, Patton JL, Lim M, Burton AC, Brashares JS, Moritz C (2012) Climate-induced range contraction drives genetic erosion in an alpine mammal. Nat Clim Change 2:285–288CrossRef
Saatchi SS, Harris NL, Brown S, Lefsky M, Mitchard ET, Salas W, Zutta BR, Buermann W, Lewis SL, Hagen S, Petrova S, White L, Silman M, Morel A (2011) Benchmark map of forest carbon stocks in tropical regions across three continents. Proc Natl Acad Sci 108(24):9899–9904CrossRef
Sabine CL, Heimann M, Artaxo P, Bakker DC, Chen CTA, Field CB, Gruber N, Le Quéré C, Prinn RG, Richey JE, Lankao PR (2004) Current status and past trends of the global carbon cycle. In: Field CB, Raupach MR (eds) The global carbon cycle: integrating humans, climate, and the natural world. Island Press, Washington, USA, pp 17–44
Sabo JL, Finlay JC, Kennedy T, Post DM (2010) The role of discharge variation in scaling of drainage area and food chain length in rivers. Science 330:965–967CrossRef
Saigusa N, Yamamoto S, Hirata R, Ohtani Y, Ide R, Asanuma J, Gamo M, Hirano T, Kondo H, Kosugi Y, Li SG, Nakai Y, Takagi K, Tani M, Wang HM (2008) Temporal and spatial variations in the seasonal patterns of CO2 flux in boreal, temperate, and tropical forests in East Asia. Agric Forest Meteorol 148:700–713CrossRef
Satyanarayana B, Mulder S, Jayatissa LP, Dahdouh-Guebas F (2013) Are the mangroves in the Galle-Unawatuna area (Sri Lanka) at risk? A social-ecological approach involving local stakeholders for a better conservation policy. Ocean Coast Manag 71:225–237CrossRef
Savo V, Lepofsky D, Lertzman K (2018) Impacts of climate change on subsistence-oriented communities. Encycl Anthr 2:461–465CrossRef
Scheffer M, Straile D, van Nes EH, Hosper H (2001) Climatic warming causes regime shifts in lake food webs. Limnol Oceanogr 46:1780–1783CrossRef
Scheffers BR, De Meester L, Bridge TCL, Hoffmann AA, Pandolfi JM, Corlett RT, Butchart SHM, Pearce-Kelly P, Kovacs KM, Dudgeon D, Pacifici M, Rondinini C, Foden WB, Martin TG, Mora C, Bickford D, Watson JEM (2016) The broad footprint of climate change from genes to biomes to people. Science 354(6313):aaf7671CrossRef
Schimel DS, House JI, Hibbard KA, Bousquet P, Ciais P, Peylin P, Braswell BH, Apps MJ, Baker D, Bondeau A, Canadell J, Churkina G, Cramer W, Denning AS, Field CB, Friedlingstein P, Goodale C, Heimann M, Houghton RA, Melillo JM, Moore B III, Murdiyarso D, Noble I, Pacala SW, Prentice IC, Raupach MR, Rayner PJ, Scholes RJ, Steffen WL, Wirth C (2001) Recent patterns and mechanisms of carbon exchange by terrestrial ecosystems. Nature 414(6860):169–172CrossRef
Sedjo RA (2001) Forest carbon sequestration: some issues for forest investments. Resources for the Future, Washington, DC
Seehausen O, Takimoto G, Roy D, Jokela J (2008) Speciation reversal and biodiversity dynamics with hybridization in changing environments. Mol Ecol 17:30–44CrossRef
Shahbol N, Hannah L, Lovejoy TE (2018) Climate change and biodiversity: conservation. Encycl Anthr 3:441–451
Sheikh MA, Kumar M, Bussman RW, Todaria NP (2011) Forest carbon stocks and fluxes in physiographic zones of India. Carbon Balance Manage 6(1):15CrossRef
Shrestha UB, Sharma KP, Devkota A, Siwakoti M, Shrestha BB (2018) Potential impact of climate change on the distribution of six invasive alien plants in Nepal. Ecol Indic 95:99–107CrossRef
Singh CP, Panigrahy S, Thapliyal A, Kimothi MM, Soni P, Parihar JS (2012) Monitoring the alpine treeline shift in parts of the Indian Himalayas using remote sensing. Curr Sci 102(4):559–562
Siraj AS, Santos-Vega M, Bouma MJ, Yadeta D, Carrascal DR, Pascual M (2014) Altitudinal changes in malaria incidence in highlands of Ethiopia and Colombia. Science 343(6175):1154–1158CrossRef
Soepadmo E (1993) Tropical rain-forests as carbon sinks. Chemosphere 27:1025–1039CrossRef
Son YH, Hwang JW, Kim ZS, Lee WK, Kim JS (2001) Allometry and biomass of Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) in central Korea. Biores Tech 78:251–255CrossRef
Sorte CJ, Williams SL, Carlton JT (2010) Marine range shifts and species introductions: comparative spread rates and community impacts. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 19:303–316CrossRef
Startsev NA, Lieffers VJ, McNabb DH (2007) Effects of feather moss removal, thinning, and fertilization on lodgepole pine growth, soil microclimate and stand nitrogen dynamics. Forest Ecol Manag 240:79–86CrossRef
Staudinger MD, Carter SL, Cross MS, Dubois NS, Duffy JE, Enquist C, Griffis R, Hellmann JJ, Lawler JJ, O’Leary J, Morrison SA, Sneddon L, Stein BA, Thompson LM, Turner W (2013) Biodiversity in a changing climate: a synthesis of current and projected trends in the US. Front Ecol Environ 11:465–473CrossRef
Staudinger MD, Grimm NB, Staudt A, Carter SL, Chapin III FS, Kareiva P, Ruckelshaus M, Stein BA (2012) Impacts of climate change on biodiversity, ecosystems, and ecosystem services: technical input to the 2013 National Climate Assessment. Cooperative report to the 2013 National Climate Assessment. http://​assessment.​globalchange.​gov
Stein BA, Staudt A, Cross MS, Dubois NS, Enquist C, Griffis R, Hansen LJ, Hellmann JJ, Lawler JJ, Nelson EJ, Pairis A (2013) Preparing for and managing change: climate adaptation for biodiversity and ecosystems. Front Ecol Environ 11(9):502–510CrossRef
Stocks BJ (2004) Forest fires in the boreal zone: climate change and carbon implications. Int For Fire News 31:122–131
Sturm M, Racine C, Tape K (2001) Climate change: increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic. Nature 411:546–547CrossRef
Sullivan MJP, Talbot J, Lewis SL, Phillips OL, Qie L, Begne SK, Chave J, Cuni-Sanchez A, Hubau W, Lopez-Gonzalez G, Miles L, Monteagudo-Mendoza A, Sonké B, Sunderland T, ter Steege H, White LJT, Affum-Baffoe K, Aiba S, de Almeida EC, de Oliveira EA, Alvarez-Loayza P, Dávila EA, Andrade A, Aragão LEOC, Ashton P, Aymard GAC, Baker TR, Balinga M, Banin LF, Baraloto C, Bastin JF, Berry N, Bogaert J, Bonal D, Bongers F, Brienen R, Camargo JLC, Cerón C, Moscoso VC, Chezeaux E, Clark CJ, Pacheco AC, Comiskey JA, Valverde FC, Coronado ENH, Dargie G, Davies SJ, De Canniere C, Djuikouo MNK, Doucet JL, Erwin TL, Espejo JS, Ewango CEN, Fauset S, Feldpausch TR, Herrera R, Gilpin M, Gloor E, Hall JS, Harris DJ, Hart TB, Kartawinata K, Kho LK, Kitayama K, Laurance SGW, Laurance WF, Leal ME, Lovejoy T, Lovett JC, Lukasu FM, Makana JR, Malhi Y, Maracahipes L, Marimon BS, Junior BHM, Marshall AR, Morandi PS, Mukendi JT, Mukinzi J, Nilus R, Vargas PN, Camacho NCP, Pardo G, Peña-Claros M, Pétronelli P, Pickavance GC, Poulsen AD, Poulsen JR, Primack RB, Priyadi H, Quesada CA, Reitsma J, Réjou-Méchain M, Restrepo Z, Rutishauser E, Salim KA, Salomão RP, Samsoedin I, Sheil D, Sierra R, Silveira M, Slik JWF, Steel L, Taedoumg H, Tan S, Terborgh JW, Thomas SC, Toledo M, Umunay PM, Gamarra LV, Vieira ICG, Vos VA, Wang O, Willcock S, Zemagho L (2017) Diversity and carbon storage across the tropical forest biome. Sci Rep 7:39102CrossRef
Sundarapandian SM, Muthumperumal C, Subashree K (2015) Biological invasion of vines, their impacts and management. In: Parthasarathy N (ed) Biodiversity of lianas. Springer, Switzerland, pp 211–253CrossRef
Sundarapandian SM, Subashree K (2017) Status of invasive plants in Tamil Nadu, India: their impact and significance. In: Ansari AA, Gill SS, Abbas ZK, Naeem M (eds) Plant biodiversity: monitoring assessment and conservation. CAB International, UK, pp 371–387CrossRef
Swart R, Robinson J, Cohen S (2003) Climate change and sustainable development: expanding the options. Clim Policy 3:19–40CrossRef
Taggart RE, Cross AT (2009) Global greenhouse to icehouse and back again: the origin and future of the boreal forest biome. Glob Planet Change 65:115–121CrossRef
Thomas CD, Cameron A, Green RE, Bakkenes M, Beaumont LJ, Collingham YC, Erasmus BF, De Siqueira MF, Grainger A, Hannah L, Hughes L, Huntley B, van Jaarsveld AS, Midgley GF, Miles L, Ortega-Huerta MA, Peterson AT, Phillips OL, Williams SE (2004) Extinction risk from climate change. Nature 427(6970):145–148CrossRef
Thonicke K, Venevsky S, Sitch S, Cramer W (2001) The role of fire disturbance for global vegetation dynamics: coupling fire into a Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. Glob Ecol Biogeogr 10(6):661–677CrossRef
Trumbore S, Brando P, Hartmann H (2015) Forest health and global change. Science 349:814–818CrossRef
Tschaplinski TJ, Stewart DB, Hanson PJ, Norby RJ (1995) Interactions between drought and elevated CO2 on growth and gas-exchange of seedlings of 3 deciduous tree species. New Phytol 129:63–71CrossRef
Turetsky MR (2003) Bryophytes in carbon and nitrogen cycling. Bryologist 106:395–409CrossRef
Tyrrell ML, Ross J, Kelty M (2012) Carbon dynamics in the temperate forest. In: Ashton MS, Tyrrell ML, Spalding D, Gentry B (eds) Managing forest carbon in a changing climate. Springer, Netherlands, pp 77–107CrossRef
Ulanova NG (2000) The effects of windthrow on forests at different spatial scales: a review. For Ecol Manag 135:155–167CrossRef
Unger N (2014) Human land-use-driven reduction of forest volatiles cools global climate. Nat Clim Change 4:907–910CrossRef
Uriate M, Papaik M (2007) Hurricane impacts on dynamics, structure and carbon sequestration potential of forest ecosystems in Southern New England, USA. Tellus A 59:519–528CrossRef
van der Werf GR, Morton DC, DeFries RS, Olivier JGJ, Kasibhatla PS, Jackson RB, Collatz GJ, Randerson JT (2009) CO2 emissions from forest loss. Nat Geosci 2:737–738
Vellend M, Baeten L, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Beauséjour R, Brown CD, De Frenne P, Verheyen K, Wipf S (2013) Global meta-analysis reveals no net change in local-scale plant biodiversity over time. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 110:19456–19459CrossRef
Visser ME, Both C (2005) Shifts in phenology due to global climate change: the need for a yardstick. Proc R Soc B Biol Sci 272:2561–2569CrossRef
Wang G, Ran F, Chang R, Yang Y, Luo J, Fan J (2014) Variations in the live biomass and carbon pools of Abies georgei along an elevation gradient on the Tibetan Plateau, China. For Ecol Manage 329:255–263CrossRef
Waring RW, Running SW (2007) Forest ecosystems—analysis at multiple scales. Elsevier Academic, Burlington, MA
Watson RT, Noble I, Bolin B (2000) IPCC: Special report: land use, change, and forestry
Way DA, Sage RF (2008) Elevated growth temperatures reduce the carbon gain of black spruce. Glob Change Biol 14:624–636CrossRef
Wei Y, Li M, Chen H, Lewis BJ, Yu D, Zhou W, Fang X, Zhao W, Dai L (2013) Variation in carbon storage and its distribution by stand age and forest type in boreal and temperate forests in Northeast China. PLoS ONE 8(8):e72201CrossRef
Weiss SB, Murphy DD, White RR (1988) Sun, slope, and butterflies—topographic determinants of habitat quality for Euphydryas editha. Ecology 69:1486–1496CrossRef
Weiss SB, Weiss AD (1998) Landscape-level phenology of a threatened butterfly: a GIS-Based modeling approach. Ecosystems 1:299–309CrossRef
Whittaker RH, Woodwell GM (1986) Dimension and production relations of trees and shrubs in the Brookhaven Forest, New York. J Ecol 56:1–25CrossRef
Williams CM, Henry HAL, Sinclair BJ (2015) Cold truths: how winter drives responses of terrestrial organisms to climate change. Biol Rev 90:214–235CrossRef
Williams M (2006) Deforesting the Earth: from prehistory to global crisis, an abridgement. University Chicago Press, ChicagoCrossRef
Wittig VE, Ainsworth EA, Naidu SL, Karnosky DF, Long SP (2009) Quantifying the impact of current and future tropospheric ozone on tree biomass, growth, physiology and biochemistry: a quantitative meta-analysis. Glob Change Biol 15:396–424CrossRef
Woodward FI, Lomas MR, Kelly CK (2004) Global climate and the distribution of plant biomes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B 359:1465–1476CrossRef
Woodward G, Perkins DM, Brown LE (2010) Climate change and freshwater ecosystems: impacts across multiple levels of organization. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365(1549):2093–2106CrossRef
Worrall JJ, Lee TD, Harrington TC (2005) Forest dynamics and agents that initiate and expand canopy gaps in Picea-Abies forests of Crawford Notch, New Hampshire, USA. J Ecol 93:178–190CrossRef
Xu J, Grumbine RE, Shrestha A, Eriksson M, Yang X, Wang YU, Wilkes A (2009) The melting Himalayas: cascading effects of climate change on water, biodiversity and livelihoods. Conserv Biol 23:520–530CrossRef
Yuan FM, Arain MA, Barr AG, Black TA, Bourque CPA, Coursolle C, Margolis HA, McCaughey JH, Wofsy SC (2008) Modeling analysis of primary controls on net ecosystem productivity of seven boreal and temperate coniferous forests across a continental transect. Glob Change Biol 14:1765–1784CrossRef
Zarin DJ, Harris NL, Baccini A, Aksenov D, Hansen MC, Azevedo-Ramos C, Azevedo T, Margono BA, Alencar AC, Gabris C, Allegretti A, Potapov P, Farina M, Walker WS, Shevade VS, Loboda TV, Turubanova S, Tyukavina A (2016) Can carbon emissions from tropical deforestation drop by 50% in 5 years? Glob Change Biol 22:1336–1347CrossRef
Zavaleta ES, Shaw MR, Chiariello NR, Mooney HA, Field CB (2003) Additive effects of simulated climate changes, elevated CO2, and nitrogen deposition on grassland diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:7650–7654CrossRef
Zhu JJ, Yan QL, Fan AN, Yang K, Hu ZB (2009) The role of environmental, root, and microbial biomass characteristics in soil respiration in temperate secondary forests of Northeast China. Trees-Struct Funct 23:189–196CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Role of Major Forest Biomes in Climate Change Mitigation: An Eco-Biological Perspective
Authors
Javid Ahmad Dar
Kothandaraman Subashree
Najeeb Ahmad Bhat
Somaiah Sundarapandian
Ming Xu
Purabi Saikia
Amit Kumar
Ashwani Kumar
Pramod Kumar Khare
Mohammed Latif Khan
Copyright Year
2020
Book
Socio-economic and Eco-biological Dimensions in Resource use and Conservation

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32462-9

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-32463-6

Copyright Year: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32463-6_24