Rural Road Development in Developing Countries

Author: Jagat Shrestha

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

Book Series : SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

Table of Contents

About this book

This book provides guidelines for the planning, design and construction of rural roads in hilly regions. It is a useful resource for researchers and practitioners working in the field as it presents different rural road network concepts for new construction and upgrades of existing infrastructure. the book introduces the covering-based rural road network method that discovers nodal points to cover settlements and public facilities within a given region by developing a basic rural network. It also explores different mathematical models including a multi-objective approach for solving a rural road network upgrading problem for typical rural road network structures for hilly regions. It also presents case studies to help readers grasp the basic principles presented in the text. This book can also additionally be utilised as a reference resource for graduate and undergraduate students interested in rural transportation.

Frontmatter

Chapter 1. Introduction

Abstract

This chapter introduces the critical role of infrastructure in fostering societal progress and economic growth, emphasizing its significance for rural development in developing countries. It highlights how infrastructure bridges gaps in accessibility, enabling economic and social activities while addressing the unique challenges of rural regions, such as rugged terrains and limited connectivity. Using a structured approach, the chapter sets the foundation for exploring rural road design methodologies that incorporate public facility connections. With Nepal as a case study, the objectives focus on optimizing road networks, prioritizing nodal points, and promoting inclusive and sustainable development through practical, resource-efficient solutions.

Jagat Shrestha

Chapter 2. Rural Road Models, Development Cases, and Construction Materials

Abstract

Different rural road models and approaches are suitable for different developing countries based on local conditions. The important activity is selecting and adapting the model that best fits the country’s economic resources, environmental conditions, and sociopolitical context. Each approach has its strengths and can be tailored to meet the specific needs of the rural populations it aims to serve. The applicability of different models and approaches varies depending on a range of factors, including geography, climate, population density, economic resources, and governance structures.

Jagat Shrestha

Chapter 3. Rural Road Planning Practices

Abstract

This chapter explores the unique challenges of rural road network planning in developing countries, particularly in hilly terrains. It contrasts urban-focused transportation models with the need for rural connectivity and accessibility. Highlighting coverage-based approaches, the chapter underscores the importance of prioritizing settlements and public facilities using straightforward social measures. Concepts like the Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) are examined, and solutions are proposed for maximizing coverage and minimizing transport costs. The chapter concludes that defining nodal points and linking them effectively offers a feasible, resource-efficient method for addressing rural road network challenges, particularly in steep, sparsely populated areas.

Jagat Shrestha

Chapter 4. Rural Road Construction in Local Conditions

Abstract

This chapter examines rural road development in steep, mountainous areas of developing countries, focusing on the geological and geotechnical challenges posed by rugged terrains. Key natural factors, such as slope stability, erosion, and drainage, influence road construction. Using Nepal's hilly regions as a case study, the five-zone mountain model is highlighted for evaluating rural road alignments. Zone 3 is identified as the most stable area for road placement. The chapter emphasizes the environmental impacts of construction and proposes strategies like cut-and-fill cross-sections to minimize damage. The findings offer a framework for efficient rural road design, balancing technical and social considerations.

Jagat Shrestha

Chapter 5. Covering-Based Rural Road Networks

Abstract

This chapter highlights the importance of rural road development in hilly regions of developing countries, focusing on accessibility challenges due to rugged terrain and limited resources. It proposes a two-step model using a covering approach to identify nodal points and form a basic rural road network. Tested in Lamjung and Gorkha districts of Nepal, the model demonstrates efficient coverage improvement, reducing road network length while achieving better access to settlements and public facilities within a 4 km service distance. The backbone and branch network pattern, specific to hilly regions, was also observed. The methodology can be extended to planning other rural infrastructure networks effectively.

Jagat Shrestha

Chapter 6. Rural Road Network Optimization Models

Abstract

This chapter focuses on addressing the challenges of road connectivity in the Himalayan region, particularly in rural and mountainous areas with dispersed public facilities. It proposes integrated models for rural road networks that minimize costs while maximizing accessibility and coverage, considering geographic and financial constraints. Prioritization of road links is based on metrics like population served and cost-effectiveness. Using a two-step method and the concept of backbone and branch networks, the models were applied to case studies in Nepal, demonstrating significant improvements in accessibility. These models offer practical, resource-efficient solutions for developing countries with rugged terrains.

Jagat Shrestha

Chapter 7. A Multi-objective Analysis of Rural Road Networks

Abstract

This chapter delves into the rural road network problem using a multi-objective approach. Traditional single-objective strategies are replaced by Pareto-optimality, allowing decision-makers (DMs) to choose preferred solutions aligned with local contexts and plans. The study introduces a framework minimizing operation costs while maximizing population coverage under budget constraints. Employing a non-interactive method, the approach identifies nodes that cover communities and facilities, creating a basic road network to enhance access with limited resources. Tested on rural networks in Lamjung and Gorkha, Nepal, the models proved practical and effective, particularly for developing regions, addressing connectivity challenges with realistic and adaptable methodologies.

Jagat Shrestha

Title: Rural Road Development in Developing Countries
Author: Jagat Shrestha
Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN: 978-981-9620-12-8
Print ISBN: 978-981-9620-11-1
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-96-2012-8