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2019 | Book

Satellite Image Analysis: Clustering and Classification

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About this book

Thanks to recent advances in sensors, communication and satellite technology, data storage, processing and networking capabilities, satellite image acquisition and mining are now on the rise. In turn, satellite images play a vital role in providing essential geographical information. Highly accurate automatic classification and decision support systems can facilitate the efforts of data analysts, reduce human error, and allow the rapid and rigorous analysis of land use and land cover information. Integrating Machine Learning (ML) technology with the human visual psychometric can help meet geologists’ demands for more efficient and higher-quality classification in real time.
This book introduces readers to key concepts, methods and models for satellite image analysis; highlights state-of-the-art classification and clustering techniques; discusses recent developments and remaining challenges; and addresses various applications, making it a valuable asset for engineers, data analysts and researchers in the fields of geographic information systems and remote sensing engineering.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
With the recent developments in sensors, communication and satellite technology, data storage, processing, and networking capabilities, satellite image acquisition and mining are on the rise. Satellite images play a vital role in providing geographical information. Satellite image classification identifies the land cover/land use and labels each class entity by applying decision rules on numerical values of pixels, which represents the average spectral reflectance. The design of highly accurate decision support systems, assists and eases the data analysts. Integrating the Machine Learning (ML) technology with the human visual psychometric helps meet the demands of the geologists to improve the efficiency and quality of classification in real time, reduces human errors, and allows fast and rigorous analysis of land use and land cover information. This chapter presents an overview of satellite imaging system, imaging sensors, resolutions, distortions, image interpreters, automatic classifiers, and their performance assessment methods.
Surekha Borra, Rohit Thanki, Nilanjan Dey
Chapter 2. Satellite Image Enhancement and Analysis
Abstract
Geographic Information System (GIS) stores large volumes of spectral data (raw facts) acquired by sensors located at the satellite and convert them into features and information in order to provide answers to many questions and for easy retrieval and display based on the user needs. The conversion of data to information involves a lot of processing. The preprocessing, especially, is required for the following reasons:
  • To restore the satellite image quality in the presence of known or unknown degradations and noises.
  • To extract or highlight hidden details in the satellite image.
  • To extract regions or statistical and nonstatistical features of interest for analysis and classification purposes.
  • To geometrically correct the images for mapping and georeferencing.
This chapter describes various image enhancement methods, noise removal methods, image stitching and interpolation methods, segmentation, multivariate image processing techniques, and other image transformations.
Surekha Borra, Rohit Thanki, Nilanjan Dey
Chapter 3. Satellite Image Clustering
Abstract
Remote Sensing technology senses and measures the radiation or reflectance of samples of distant objects, and allows extraction of information which includes detection and recognition of objects and its coverage. Image classification methods identify the objects represented by each pixel in the satellite image based on its spectral wavelength and time series. In this chapter, the basics of satellite image classification and its types are presented. The unsupervised classification methods such as K-means, Gaussian mixture model, self-organizing maps, and Hidden Markov models are described for clustering of satellite images.
Surekha Borra, Rohit Thanki, Nilanjan Dey
Chapter 4. Satellite Image Classification
Abstract
This chapter presents the traditional supervised classification methods and then focuses on the state of the art automated satellite image classification methods such as Nearest Neighbours, Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Discriminant Analysis, Random Forests, Decision Trees, Semi-supervised, Convolutional neural network Models, Deep Convolutional Neural Networks and Hybrid Approaches.
Surekha Borra, Rohit Thanki, Nilanjan Dey
Chapter 5. Applied Examples
Abstract
Satellite images provide much information about the Earth’s surface in a shorter period. The availability of various types of images (multitemporal, multispectral, multiresolution, and multisensory data) became a helpful tool in the evolution of remote sensing-based digital imaging. This chapter explores the applications of classification and clustering techniques when applied on multispectral and hyperspectral satellite images. The automatic analysis of satellite images aids in effective decision-making, thematic map creation, information extraction, disaster management, and field survey to name a few. The applications of satellite image classification in meteorology, oceanography, fishing, agriculture, biodiversity conservation, forestry, intelligence, crisis information, emergency mapping, disaster monitoring, and thermal applications are presented.
Surekha Borra, Rohit Thanki, Nilanjan Dey
Metadata
Title
Satellite Image Analysis: Clustering and Classification
Authors
Dr. Surekha Borra
Dr. Rohit Thanki
Dr. Nilanjan Dey
Copyright Year
2019
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-13-6424-2
Print ISBN
978-981-13-6423-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6424-2