Skip to main content
Top

2023 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Scheduling 3D Printing Machines to Minimize Makespan

Authors : Zachary Hassan, Gursel A. Suer, Jesus Pagan, You Yuqiu, Neil Littell

Published in: Intelligent and Transformative Production in Pandemic Times

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Manufacturing industry has been evolving during the last few centuries. Industry 1.0 started with mechanization and the use of steam power. Mass production using production lines and assembly lines dominated Industry 2.0 era. Industry 3.0 era brought automation, flexibility and product diversity and Flexible Manufacturing Systems (FMS) and cellular systems were extensively used. Recently, there is a shift towards the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0). Industry 4.0 includes the combination of technologies working together to fulfill a manufacturing task. Industry 4.0 utilizes internet of things (IIoT), big data, cloud computing, cybersecurity, autonomous robotics, augmented reality, and additive manufacturing (AM). The purpose of Industry 4.0 is to integrate the entire network to function as one system. In this study, we are focusing on scheduling 3D printing machines, namely Markforged Mark Two printers. Process parameters that can be considered in these printers are layer height, infill density, print speed, build orientation, infill patterns, and print temperature. These machines are Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) 3D printers. The parameters considered in this study are infill density and layer height. Infill density dictates the amount of material that is filled on the inside of an object while it prints. Infill density has a role in a part’s strength and weight. Generally speaking, the greater the infill density, the stronger and heavier an object will be. Lower infill densities on a part suggest that the object’s intentions are purely visual with higher infill densities meant for functional parts. Markforged Mark Two allows infill density for rectangular infill to be from 0–92%. On the other hand, layer height determines the amount of material that is extruded through the nozzle during each pass. Markforged Mark Two allows for three different layer heights to be examined, 100, 125 and 200 mm. Layer height plays a large role in print time as the amount of material extruded effects the completion rate of the object. Layer height’s impact can also be seen by a part’s fineness or detail. This is represented visually on the object by being able to see each pass of the plastic material. For example, an object with a larger layer height will look rougher and not as smooth as an object with a lower layer height. However, it is well known that a lower layer height increases print time whereas a larger layer height implies a faster print time. Several parts with different geometries and also sizes are included in the study. The scheduling performance measure considered is makespan. The objective of the study is to find the optimal parameter settings for multiple jobs such that makespan is minimized subject to minimum restrictions on print parameters for various jobs. A mathematical model is presented to minimize makespan first. Once the optimal makespan is found, the model is re-run such that better quality parameter settings are determined while keeping the optimal makespan unchanged. Later, the results of the experimentation with various parts are discussed and future work is recommended.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Vorkapic, N., Pjevic, M., Popovic, M., Slavkovic, N., Zivanovic, S.: An additive manufacturing benchmark artifact and deviation measurement method. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 34(7), 3015–3026 (2020)CrossRef Vorkapic, N., Pjevic, M., Popovic, M., Slavkovic, N., Zivanovic, S.: An additive manufacturing benchmark artifact and deviation measurement method. J. Mech. Sci. Technol. 34(7), 3015–3026 (2020)CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Thomas, D.S., Gilbert, S.W.: Costs and cost effectiveness of additive manufacturing. NIST Spec. Publ. 1176, 1–7 (2014) Thomas, D.S., Gilbert, S.W.: Costs and cost effectiveness of additive manufacturing. NIST Spec. Publ. 1176, 1–7 (2014)
3.
go back to reference Alafaghani, A., Qattawi, A.: Investigating the effect of fused deposition modeling processing parameters using Taguchi design of experiment method. J. Manuf. Process. 36, 164–174 (2018)CrossRef Alafaghani, A., Qattawi, A.: Investigating the effect of fused deposition modeling processing parameters using Taguchi design of experiment method. J. Manuf. Process. 36, 164–174 (2018)CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Pereira, T., Kennedy, J.V., Potgieter, J.: A comparison of traditional manufacturing vs additive manufacturing, the best method for the job. Proc. Manuf. 30, 11–18 (2019) Pereira, T., Kennedy, J.V., Potgieter, J.: A comparison of traditional manufacturing vs additive manufacturing, the best method for the job. Proc. Manuf. 30, 11–18 (2019)
5.
go back to reference Jimo, A., Braziotis, C., Rogers, H., Pawar, K.: Traditional vs Additive Manufacturing Supply Chain Configurations: A Comparative Case Study. Proc. Manuf. 39, 765–774 (2019) Jimo, A., Braziotis, C., Rogers, H., Pawar, K.: Traditional vs Additive Manufacturing Supply Chain Configurations: A Comparative Case Study. Proc. Manuf. 39, 765–774 (2019)
6.
go back to reference Rylands, B., Bohme, T., Gorkin, R., III., Fan, J., Birtchnell, T.: The adoption process and impact of additive manufacturing on manufacturing systems. J. Manuf. Technol. Manage. 27(7), 969–989 (2016)CrossRef Rylands, B., Bohme, T., Gorkin, R., III., Fan, J., Birtchnell, T.: The adoption process and impact of additive manufacturing on manufacturing systems. J. Manuf. Technol. Manage. 27(7), 969–989 (2016)CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Bas, H., Elevli, S., Yapici, F.: Fault tree analysis for fused filament fabrication type three-dimensional printers. ASM Int. 19, 1389–1400 (2019) Bas, H., Elevli, S., Yapici, F.: Fault tree analysis for fused filament fabrication type three-dimensional printers. ASM Int. 19, 1389–1400 (2019)
8.
go back to reference Garcia, E., Nunez, P.J., Chacon, J.M., Caminero, M.A., Kamarthi, S.: Comparative study of geometric properties of unreinforced PLA and PLA-Graphene composite materials applied to additive manufacturing using FFF technology. Polym. Testing 91, 1–16 (2020)CrossRef Garcia, E., Nunez, P.J., Chacon, J.M., Caminero, M.A., Kamarthi, S.: Comparative study of geometric properties of unreinforced PLA and PLA-Graphene composite materials applied to additive manufacturing using FFF technology. Polym. Testing 91, 1–16 (2020)CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Zhang, J., Yao, X., Li, Y.: Improved evolutionary algorithm for parallel batch processing machine scheduling in additive manufacturing. Int. J. Prod. Res. 58(8), 2263–2282 (2019)CrossRef Zhang, J., Yao, X., Li, Y.: Improved evolutionary algorithm for parallel batch processing machine scheduling in additive manufacturing. Int. J. Prod. Res. 58(8), 2263–2282 (2019)CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Kucukkoc, I.: MILP models to minimise makespan in additive manufacturing machine scheduling problems. Comput. Operat. Res. 105, 58–67 (2019) Kucukkoc, I.: MILP models to minimise makespan in additive manufacturing machine scheduling problems. Comput. Operat. Res. 105, 58–67 (2019)
11.
go back to reference Kim, S.C., Kim, M., Ahn, N.: 3D Printer Scheduling for Shortest Time Production of Weapon Parts. Proc. Manuf. 39, 439–446 (2019) Kim, S.C., Kim, M., Ahn, N.: 3D Printer Scheduling for Shortest Time Production of Weapon Parts. Proc. Manuf. 39, 439–446 (2019)
12.
go back to reference Fera, M., Fruggiero, F., Lambiase, A., Macchiaroli, R., Todisco, V.: A modified genetic algorithm for time and cost optimization of an additive manufacturing single-machine scheduling. Int. J. Ind. Eng. Comput. 9, 423–438 (2018) Fera, M., Fruggiero, F., Lambiase, A., Macchiaroli, R., Todisco, V.: A modified genetic algorithm for time and cost optimization of an additive manufacturing single-machine scheduling. Int. J. Ind. Eng. Comput. 9, 423–438 (2018)
13.
go back to reference Medina-Sanchez, G., Dorado-Vicente, R., Torres-Jimenez, E., Lopez-Garcia, R.: Build time estimation for fused filament fabrication via average printing speed. MDPI Mater. 12, 1–16 (2019) Medina-Sanchez, G., Dorado-Vicente, R., Torres-Jimenez, E., Lopez-Garcia, R.: Build time estimation for fused filament fabrication via average printing speed. MDPI Mater. 12, 1–16 (2019)
Metadata
Title
Scheduling 3D Printing Machines to Minimize Makespan
Authors
Zachary Hassan
Gursel A. Suer
Jesus Pagan
You Yuqiu
Neil Littell
Copyright Year
2023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18641-7_13

Premium Partners