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International Journal of Computer Vision
Published in: International Journal of Computer Vision 4/2019

19-08-2018

Second-order Temporal Pooling for Action Recognition

Authors: Anoop Cherian, Stephen Gould

Published in: International Journal of Computer Vision | Issue 4/2019

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Abstract

Deep learning models for video-based action recognition usually generate features for short clips (consisting of a few frames); such clip-level features are aggregated to video-level representations by computing statistics on these features. Typically zero-th (max) or the first-order (average) statistics are used. In this paper, we explore the benefits of using second-order statistics.Specifically, we propose a novel end-to-end learnable feature aggregation scheme, dubbed temporal correlation pooling that generates an action descriptor for a video sequence by capturing the similarities between the temporal evolution of clip-level CNN features computed across the video. Such a descriptor, while being computationally cheap, also naturally encodes the co-activations of multiple CNN features, thereby providing a richer characterization of actions than their first-order counterparts. We also propose higher-order extensions of this scheme by computing correlations after embedding the CNN features in a reproducing kernel Hilbert space. We provide experiments on benchmark datasets such as HMDB-51 and UCF-101, fine-grained datasets such as MPII Cooking activities and JHMDB, as well as the recent Kinetics-600. Our results demonstrate the advantages of higher-order pooling schemes that when combined with hand-crafted features (as is standard practice) achieves state-of-the-art accuracy.
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Footnotes
1
As we fine-tune the VGG network from a pre-trained ImageNet model, we use \(\beta = 3\) for SMAID in our implementation.
 
2
With a slight abuse of previously introduced notations, we assume T to be raw feature trajectories without any scaling or normalization.
 
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Metadata
Title
Second-order Temporal Pooling for Action Recognition
Authors
Anoop Cherian
Stephen Gould
Publication date
19-08-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
International Journal of Computer Vision / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 0920-5691
Electronic ISSN: 1573-1405
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11263-018-1111-5

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