Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Nile Delta Biography: Challenges and Opportunities Read chapter Read first chapter

2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Sediment and Water Quality of the Nile Delta Estuaries

Author : Ayman A. El-Gamal

Published in: The Nile Delta

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The Nile Delta is a dynamic ecosystem; its coastal area receives water from the two estuaries of the Nile River (Rosetta and Damietta), the outlets of the coastal lakes (Mariout, El-Manzala, El-Burullus, and Edku), and the drains. Water quality is a complex term that can indicate the state of the water compared to standard criteria for use in specific purposes. It contains many physical, chemical, and biological factors, but the critical water quality factors are water temperature, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen (ammonia/nitrate/nitrite), hydrogen ion concentration (pH), alkalinity, salinity and electrical conductivity, carbon dioxide, and turbidity. Estuaries are a mix between freshwater and marine water. Water and sediment quality were discussed for Rosetta and Damietta estuaries. Water quality of the Nile Delta coastal lakes is discussed for the four important lakes (Mariout, El-Manzala, El-Burullus, and Edku). Pollution, climate change, human activities, and fish farms are discussed as factors affecting water quality deterioration in the Nile River estuaries. The water quality index was introduced as single value representing water quality parameters. The spatial and temporal variations are presented in the Nile Delta estuaries. The pollution evaluation index is also discussed. Water management and environmental laws are briefly presented.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter On-Farm Water Management in the Nile Delta
next chapter Assessment of Nile Delta Coastal Zone Using Remote Sensing
Literature
1.
USGS (2001) A primer on water quality, U.S. Department of the Interior and U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Science for a changing world, FS-027-01
2.
Diersing N (2009) Water quality: frequently asked questions. Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary, Key West
3.
4.
UNESCO/WHO/UNEP (1996) In: Chapman D (ed) Water quality assessments - a guide to use of biota, sediments and water in environmental monitoring - second edition, ISBN 0 419 21590 5 (HB) 0 419 21600 6 (PB)
5.
6.
Adams EB (1992) Defining water quality: Washington Centennial Clean Water Fund administered by the Washington Department of Ecology
7.
Harding LM, Clouse CP, Summer Felt RC, Morris JE (1992) Pond Culture of Walleye Fingerlings. North Central Regional Aquaculture Center, Fact Sheet Series #102
8.
Smith ME, Dauer DM (1994) Eutrophication and macrobenthic communities of the lower Chesapeake Bay: I. Acute effects of low dissolved oxygen in the Rappahannock River. In: Hill P, Nelson S (eds) Toward a sustainable watershed: the Chesapeake experiment. Proceedings of the 1994 Chesapeake Research Conference, Chesapeake Research Consortium Publication Number 149. Norfolk, Virginia, USA, pp 76–84
9.
10.
Poxton MG, Allouse SB (1982) Water quality criteria for marine fisheries. Aquacult Eng 1:223–228
11.
El-Gamal AA, Saleh IH (2013) Vulnerability assessment of bivalves due to climate change and coastal pollution in Nile Delta coastal region. In: Accepted paper to submit in the international conference “Global climate change, biodiversity and sustainability: challenges and opportunities”, organized by Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Alexandria, 15–18 April 2013
12.
MSEA-EEAA (2015) Egypt state of environment – 2012, Ministry of State of Environmental Affairs (MSEA) and Egyptian Environment Affairs Agency (EEAA)
13.
Hamza W (2006) The Nile estuary. In: Estuaries PW (ed) The handbook of environmental chemistry, Volume 5. Water pollution, Part H. Springer
14.
EEAA-EIMP (2015) Arabic Annual report on water quality data from the coastal waters of the Mediterranean Sea year 2014. Egyptian Environmental Affairs Agency (EEAA), The Environmental Information and Monitoring Program (EIMP)
15.
Osman AGM, Kloas W (2010) Water quality and heavy metal monitoring in water, sediments, and tissues of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) from the River Nile, Egypt. J Environ Prot 1:389–400CrossRef
16.
Forstner U, Wittmann GTW (1983) Metal pollution in aquatic environment. Springer, New York
17.
Binning K, Baird D (2001) Survey of heavy metals in the sediments of the Swarkop River, Estuary, Port: Elizabeth South Africa. Water SA 27:451–466CrossRef
18.
Abdel-Satar A (2005) Quality of River Nile sediments from Idfo to Cairo. Egypt J Aquat Res 31(2):182–199
19.
CoRI (2014a) Technical report on Sedimentological Studies along the Nile Delta Coast, Part 1: Rosetta (Rashid) coastal region for Activities during 2013, National Water Research Center, Coastal Research Institute (CoRI), Marine Geology Department. Main Editor, El-Gamal A
20.
CoRI (2014b) Technical report on Sedimentological Studies along the Nile Delta Coast, Part 3: Ras El-Bar coastal region for Activities during 2013, National Water Research Center, Coastal Research Institute (CoRI), Marine Geology Department. Main Editor, El-Gamal A
21.
El-Adawy A, Negm AM, Elzeir MA, Saavedra OC, El-Shinnawy IA, Nadaoka K (2013) Modeling the hydrodynamics and salinity of El-Burullus Lake (Nile Delta, Northern Egypt). J Clean Energy Technol 1(2):157–163CrossRef
22.
Zalat A, Vildary SS (2005) Distribution of diatom assemblages and their relationship to environmental variables in the surface sediments of three northern Egyptian lakes. J Paleolimnol 34(2):159–174CrossRef
23.
Darrag A (1985) The occurrence and distribution of some trace metals and their relation to organic matter. Ph.D. dissertation, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
24.
El-Gamal AA (2012) New approach for erosion and accretion coasts discrimination. J Coast Res 28(2):389–398CrossRef
25.
Chen W, Chang H (2009) Estimation of shoreline position and change from satellite images considering tidal variation. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci 84:54–60CrossRef
26.
El-Asmar HM, White K (2002) Changes in coastal sediment transport processes due to construction of New Damietta Harbour, Nile Delta, Egypt. Coast Eng 46:127–138CrossRef
27.
El-Banna MM, Hereher ME (2009) Detecting temporal shoreline changes and erosion/accretion rates, using remote sensing, and their associated sediment characteristics along the coast of North Sinai, Egypt. Environ Geol 58:1419–1427CrossRef
28.
White K, El-Asmar HM (1999) Monitoring changing position of coastlines using Thematic Mapper imagery, an example from the Nile Delta. Geomorphology 29:93–105CrossRef
29.
Kaiser MFM, Frihy OE (2009) Validity of the equilibrium beach profiles: Nile Delta Coastal Zone, Egypt. Geomorphology 107:25–31CrossRef
30.
Sherman DJ, Greenwood B (1984) Boundary roughness and bed forms in the surf zone. Mar Geol 60:199–218CrossRef
31.
Olson KR, Jones RL, Gennadiyev AN, Chernyanskii S, Woods WI, Lang JM (2002) Accelerated soil erosion of a Mississippian mound at Cahokia Site in Illinois. Soil Sci Soc Am J 66:1911–1921CrossRef
32.
Zapata F (2003) The use of environmental radionuclides as tracers in soil erosion and sedimentation investigations: recent advances and future developments. Soil Tillage Res 69:3–13CrossRef
33.
Roessig JM, Woodley CM, Cech JJ, Hansen LJ (2004) Effects of global climate change on marine and estuarine fishes and fisheries. Rev Fish Biol Fish 14:251CrossRef
34.
Nordlie FG (2006) Physicochemical environments and tolerances of cyprinodontoid fishes found in estuaries and salt marshes of eastern North America. Rev Fish Biol Fish 16:51CrossRef
35.
Kennedy VS (1990) Anticipated effects of climate change on estuarine and coastal fisheries. Fisheries 15:16CrossRef
36.
Degefu F, Mengistu S, Schagerl M (2011) Influence of fish cage farming on water quality and plankton in fish ponds: a case study in the Rift Valley and North Shoa reservoirs, Ethiopia. Aquaculture 316:129–135CrossRef
37.
Winsby M, Sander B, Archibald D, Daykin M, Nix P, Taylor FJR, Mundy D (1996) The environmental effect of salmon net-cage culture in British Columbia. Ministry of Environment, Lands and Parks, Environmental Protection Dept. Industrial Waste/Hazardous Contaminants Branch, Victoria, BC. Canada
38.
Sanchez E, Colmenarejo MF, Vicente J, Rubio A, Garcia MG, Travieso L, Borja R (2007) Use of the water quality index and dissolved oxygen deficit as simple indicators of watershed pollution. Ecol Indic 7:315–328CrossRef
39.
40.
Kani KM, Murugesan AG (2011) Evaluation and classification of water quality of Perennial River Tamirabarani through aggregation of water quality index. Int J Environ Prot 1:24–33
41.
El-Gamal A (2009) Spatial and temporal variations of the Egyptian Mediterranean coastal water eutrophication. Water Sci 46:11–24
42.
43.
Brraich OS, Jangu S (2015) Evaluation of water quality pollution indices for heavy metal contamination monitoring in the water of Harike Wetland (Ramsar Site), India. Int J Sci Res Publi 5(2):1–6
44.
45.
CLEQM (1995) Environmental Pollution and Legislative Regulations (Law 48. 1982 & Decree 8, 1993), August 1995, River Nile Protection and Development Project, Phase II, Central Laboratory for Environmental Quality Monitoring (CLEQM), Report N° A3010901 – 9508 – 01 – FR, Egyptian Executing Agency National Water Research Center Ministry of Public Works and Water Resources
46.
Metadata
Title
Sediment and Water Quality of the Nile Delta Estuaries
Author
Ayman A. El-Gamal
Copyright Year
2017
Book
The Nile Delta

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-56122-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-56124-0

Copyright Year: 2017

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2016_47