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Cognitive Neurodynamics

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02-12-2021 | Research Article

Sensorimotor rhythm neurofeedback training relieves anxiety in healthy people

Authors: Shuang Liu, Xinyu Hao, Xiaoya Liu, Yuchen He, Ludan Zhang, Xingwei An, Xizi Song, Dong Ming

Published in: Cognitive Neurodynamics | Issue 3/2022

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Abstract

Timely relief of anxiety in healthy people is important, but there is little research on this topic at present. Neurofeedback training allows subjects to regulate their specific brain activities autonomously and thus alter their corresponding cognitive functions. Inattention is a significant cognitive deficit in patients with anxiety. Sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) was reported to be closely related to attention. In this study, trainability, frequency specificity, and brain-behavior relationships were utilized to verify the validity of a relative SMR power protocol. An EEG neurofeedback training system was developed for alleviating anxiety levels in healthy people. The EEG data were collected from 33 subjects during SMR up-training sessions. Subjects attended six times neurofeedback training for about 2 weeks. The feedback value of the neurofeedback group was the relative SMR power at the feedback electrode (electrode C3), while the feedback values for the control group were pseudorandom numbers. The trainability index revealed that the learning trend showed an increase in SMR power activity at the C3 electrode, confirming effects across training. The frequency specificity index revealed only that SMR band activity increased significantly in the neurofeedback group. The brain-behavior relationships index revealed that increased SMR activity correlated negatively with the severity of anxiety. This study indicates that neurofeedback training using a relative SMR power protocol, based on activity at the C3 electrode, could relieve anxiety levels for healthy people and increase the SMR power. Preliminary studies support the feasibility and efficacy of the relative SMR power protocol for healthy people with anxiety.

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Title: Sensorimotor rhythm neurofeedback training relieves anxiety in healthy people
Authors: Shuang Liu
Xinyu Hao
Xiaoya Liu
Yuchen He
Ludan Zhang
Xingwei An
Xizi Song
Dong Ming
Publication date: 02-12-2021
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: Cognitive Neurodynamics / Issue 3/2022
Print ISSN: 1871-4080
Electronic ISSN: 1871-4099
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-021-09732-8

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