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2023 | Book

Mixed Face Ground Conditions and Composite TBM Read chapter Read first chapter

Shield Tunneling Technology in Mixed Face Ground Conditions

Authors: Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

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About this book

This book introduces shield construction risks under mixed face ground condition, analyzes the shield tunneling risks, gives definitions of relevant risks and creates the theoretical system of shield tunneling technology under mixed face ground condition, that is, geology is the foundation, TBM is the key, and people (management) is the essence. The content provides numbers of targeted solutions, such as dual-mode TBM, multi-mode TBM, millisecond delay blasting for boulders, Paste HDN, auxiliary pressure balance tunneling and so on. This book can make researchers who engaged in shield tunneling to get experiences and lessons from it, so as to make the right decision during shield type selection, standardize shield tunneling, take proper action, avoid or reduce construction risks, and minimize casualties and property losses.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Mixed Face Ground Conditions and Composite TBM
Abstract
It has been over 170 years from the year 1806 when Brunel invented the tunnel boring machine (Fig. 1) to the 1980s, during which shield machines were mainly applied in uniform geological conditions, either soft ground or hard rock formation.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 2. The Establishment of Theory for Shield Tunneling in Mixed Face Ground Conditions
Abstract
The theory for shield tunneling in mixed face ground condition is a tunneling system composed of three pinpoints, recognition of construction environment (e.g. geology) as basis, appropriately equipped shield machine as key and “people-oriented” management of project as overarching objective.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 3. Risk Assessment of Shield Tunneling
Abstract
Calculating from the Neolithic, the history of understanding and developing tunnels exceeds 10,000 years. TBM was invented after the First Industrial Revolution, and its functions as well as its risk-resisting capability have greatly enhanced by continuous innovations through the last two industrial revolutions.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 4. Geological Survey and Alignment Optimization
Abstract
Since the excavating object of tunnels is underground materials, an active, comprehensive and accurate understanding of the geological conditions is the prerequisite to ensure the success of the project. Through geological survey, the characteristics of the objectively existed ground conditions can be revealed, aiming at making reasonable measures to overcome or avoid geology-related risks in underground engineering. Therefore, geological investigation is looked as the “eyes” for metro construction. In other words, the quality of geological survey directly determines scientificalness and rationality of the design proposal, which dramatically affect the safety, quality, performance and investment of the project.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 5. General Configuration of Composite TBM
Abstract
General configuration refers to those configurations which are appropriate for contemporary closed-chest shield machines, including EPB machine, slurry balance shield machine or multi-mode shield machine.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 6. Configuration of EPB Shield Machine
Abstract
With the invention of closed-chest shield machine, EPB shield machine applies two systems to be its key components and realize its functions: the first is the additive system, which works for workability and fluidity of mucks, and the second is the screw conveyor system, which discharges mucks and balances pressure in the excavation chamber (except for a few TBMs which use pipelines).
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 7. Slurry Circulation System of Slurry Shield Machine
Abstract
Slurry shield machine replaces screw conveyors and additive systems equipped in EPB machine with slurry circulation system to balance the tunnel face and discharge muck. Hence, the key lies on the slurry circulation and slurry treatment.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 8. Multi-Mode Shield Machine
Abstract
Multi-mode shield machine is looked as a synthetical product resulting from the manufacturing capacity of shield machines and construction technology, which integrates diverse balance forms and muck discharge methods.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 9. Tunneling of Large Diameter Shield Machine
Abstract
Nowadays, as ground space in large and medium-sized cities in China becomes increasingly rare, the investment and schedule control, as well as high quality development of cities require a higher level to avoid huge-scaled land demolition and renovation, and to minimize the impact of construction and operation on the surrounding environment and residents.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 10. Formation Mechanism and Solutions for Discharge Stagnation, Clogging and Water Gushing
Abstract
Among the problems and difficulties of shield tunneling in mixed face ground condition, discharge stagnation, clogging and water gushing are the top three factors which frequently affect the tunneling progresses. This chapter will discuss about the three factors, as well as the ferro-plate sand which can be classified under discharge stagnation in a broad sense.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 11. Risks and Solutions of Shield Tunneling in Strata with Boulders
Abstract
Boulder usually refers to a rock mass or a bulky piece of rock debris whose dimension and strength are larger than the surrounding medium. Boulders encountered in shield tunneling normally involve artificial riprap, moraine stones and granite corestones, as granite corestones as the mostly seen boulder among them.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 12. Shield Tunneling in Karstic Areas
Abstract
Based on the comprehensive and systematic summary of the metro projects through the karstic zones in Guangzhou and case studies with similar geological conditions from other cities in and out of China, it is considered that the pre-treatment measures must be performed in karst-developed areas to prevent significant accidents during tunneling construction.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 13. Protection of Ground Buildings (Structures) and Treatment Technologies of Underground Obstacles
Abstract
Tunnel construction in urban areas will inevitably pass under or sideways through some buildings (structures), such as ground houses, existing tunnels, railways, bridges. There is a risk of shield construction disturbing the surrounding rock and pile foundation (wood piles, steel pipe piles and other friction piles) resulting in damage to the buildings (structures), so risk assessment needs to be done in advance and targeted protection measures should be taken for the buildings (structures) according to the assessment results.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 14. Auxiliary Tunneling Technologies by Using Pressurized Air
Abstract
Conventional tunneling in the rock formation with significant overburden and abundant fissure water as well as in the mixed face ground with enriched water and good air tightness face some problems including large TBM load, rapid wear of cutters, and frequent water gushing, resulting in low efficiency and poor synchronous grouting quality.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 15. TBM Tunneling Technologies Through Excavated Tunnel Section
Abstract
In many cases, the excellent performance of shield tunneling on soft and medium-hard rock (≤60 MPa) make it an optimal choice.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 16. Technologies of Shield Tunneling Along Special Alignment
Abstract
Due to constraints of planning, engineering geology, hydrogeology, distribution of buildings (structures) and other factors, local parts of the urban rail transit line adopts special design, which need to take targeted measures for shield tunneling.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Chapter 17. Technologies for Hyperbaric Intervention in Excavation Chamber
Abstract
Through more than two decades of engineering practice in the mixed face ground condition, the shield machine has substantially enhanced its geological applicability.
Weibin Zhu, Shijian Ju, Hui Wang
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Shield Tunneling Technology in Mixed Face Ground Conditions
Authors
Weibin Zhu
Shijian Ju
Hui Wang
Copyright Year
2023
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-19-4112-2
Print ISBN
978-981-19-4111-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4112-2