Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Manifestations of Nanomaterials in Development of Advanced Sensors for Defense Applications Read chapter Read first chapter

2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

29. Silicon Carbide-Based Lightweight Mirror Blanks for Space Optics Applications

Authors : Dulal Chandra Jana, Bhaskar Prasad Saha

Published in: Handbook of Advanced Ceramics and Composites

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The advantages of the reflective optics over the refractive one for optical imaging in the spaceborne telescopes have been demonstrated over the years. The performance of such optical systems is continually increasing through the use of lightweight and larger mirrors. The use of several materials including ultra-low expansion (ULE) glass, Zerodur glass-ceramics, monolithic aluminum, optical grade beryllium, etc. as the mirrors for space optics is known for decades. Nowadays, silicon carbide (SiC)-based space mirrors have become the most attractive choice because of their excellent mechanical and thermal figure of merits. The superior mechanical and thermal properties of SiC allow in accommodating the complex designs and higher lightweighting over the conventional materials. In addition, a very high surface figure precision (< λ/20) and very low surface roughness (~ 0.1 nm) can be achieved in SiC. This chapter discusses the superiority of SiC as mirrors over the existing materials for application in space optics. Subsequently, the detailed processing of SiC-based lightweight mirror blanks involving the production of sintered SiC (S-SiC) substrates followed by cladding with a fully dense SiC coating by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique is discussed.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Processing of Ceramic Foams for Thermal Protection
next chapter Silicides and Silicide Matrix Composites for High-Temperature Structural Applications
Literature
1.
Matson LE, Chen MY, deBlonk D, Palusinski IA (2008) Silicon carbide technologies for lightweighted aerospace mirrors. Paper presented at the advanced Maui optical and space surveillance technologies conference, Maui, HI 16–19 September 2008
2.
Chen PC, Saha TT, Smith AM, Romeo R (1998) Progress in very lightweight optics using graphite fiber composite materials. Opt Eng 37:666–676CrossRef
3.
Matson LE, Mollenhauer DH (2004) Advanced materials and processes for large, lightweight, space-based mirrors. AMPTIAC Q 8:67–74
4.
Enya K, Nakagawa T, Kaneda H, Onaka T, Ozaki T, Kume M (2007) Microscopic surface structure of C/SiC composite mirrors for space cryogenic telescopes. Appl Opt 46:2049–2056CrossRef
5.
Gou S, Zhang G, Li L, Wang W, Zhao X (2009) Effect of materials and modelling on the design of the space based lightweight mirrors. Mater Des 30:9–14CrossRef
6.
Paquin RA (1999) Materials for optical systems. In: Ahmad A (ed) Optomechanical engineering handbook. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, pp 1–20
7.
Vukobratovich D (1999) Lightweight mirror design. In: Ahmad A (ed) Optomechanical engineering handbook. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, pp 1–40
8.
Bely PY (2003) The design and construction of large optical telescopes. Springer, New YorkCrossRef
9.
Ealey MA, Wellman JA (1996) Ultralightweight silicon carbide mirror design. In: Advanced materials for optical and precision structures. Denver, 11 November 1996, Proc SPIE vol 2857: 73–77
10.
Rozelot JP, Bingham R, Walker DD (1992) Aluminium mirrors versus glass mirrors. In: Ulrich MH (ed) Progress in telescope and instrumentation technologies, ESO conference and workshop proceedings, Garching, 27–30 April 1992, pp 71–74
11.
Hashiguchi DH, Heberling J, Campbell J, Morales A, Sayer A (2015) New decade of shaped beryllium blanks. In: Material technologies and applications to optics, structures, components, and sub-systems II, San Diego, 2 September 2015, Proc. SPIE vol 9574: 957403-1
12.
Westerhoff T, Werner T (2017) Zerodur expanding capabilities and capacity for future spaceborne and ground-based telescopes. In: Astronomical Optics: Design, Manufacture, and Test of Space and Ground Systems, San Diego, 08–11 August, 2017, Proc SPIE 10401: 104010R
13.
Yamada K, Mohri M (1991) Properties and applications of silicon carbide ceramics. In: Somiya S, Inomata Y (eds) Silicon carbide ceramics-1: fundamentals and solid reaction. New York, Elsevier Applied Science, pp 13–44CrossRef
14.
Tanaka H (2011) Silicon carbide powder and sintered materials. J Ceram Soc Jap 119:218–233CrossRef
15.
Chen Y, Wang H, Tang J, Liu H, Chen S, Fan Q (2007) Fabrication of lightweight SiC space mirror. Key Eng Mater 336–338:1151–1154CrossRef
16.
Goela JS, Pickering MA, Taylor RL (1994) Chemical vapour deposited β-SiC for optics applications. In: Chemical vapor deposition of refractory metals and ceramics III, Boston, 28–30 November, 1994, Mat Res Soc Symp Proc 363, pp 71–87
17.
Zang Y, Zhang J, Han J, He X, Yao W (2004) Large-scale fabrication of lightweight Si/SiC composite for optical mirror. Mater Lett 58:1204–1208CrossRef
18.
Novi A, Basile G, Citterio O, Ghigo M, Caso A, Cattaneo G, Svelto GF (2001) Lightweight SiC foamed mirrors for space applications. In: Optomechanical design and engineering, San Diego, 5 November 2001, Proc SPIE 4444: 59–65
19.
Gibson LJ, Ashby MF (1997) Cellular solids: structure and properties, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeCrossRef
20.
Utsunomiya S, Kamiya T, Shimizu R (2013) Development of CFRP mirrors for space telescopes. In: Material technologies and applications to optics, structures, components, and sub-systems, San Diego, 30 September 2013, Proc SPIE 8837: 88370P
21.
Wilcox CC, Santiago F, Jungwirth ME, Martinez T, Restaino SR, Bagwell B, Romeo R (2014) First light with a carbon fiber reinforced polymer 0.4-meter telescope. In: MEMS Adaptive Optics VIII, San Francisco, 02 February 2014, Proc SPIE 8978: 897805
22.
Steevesa J, Laslandesa M, Pellegrinoa S, Reddingb D, Bradfordb CS, Wallaceb JK, Barbeec T (2014) Design, fabrication and testing of active carbon shell mirrors for space telescope applications. In: Advances in optical and mechanical technologies for telescopes and instrumentation, Montréal, 28 July 2014, Proc SPIE 9151: 915105
23.
Safa F, Levallois F, Bougoin M, Castel D (1997) Silicon carbide technology for submillimetre space based telescopes. In: 48th international astronautical congress, Turin, 6–10 October 1997, pp 1–10
24.
Lee HB, Suk JY, Bae JI (2015) Trade study of all lightweight primary mirror and metering structure for spaceborne telescopes. In: Krodel M, Robichaud JL, Goodman WA (eds) Material technologies and applications to optics, structures, components, and sub-systems II, San Diego, 10–13 August, 2015, Proc SPIE 9574: 95740D
25.
Guo SW, Zhang GY, Wang WY, Zhao XZ (2006) Design and analysis of lightweight pointing mirror used in space camera. J Phys Conf Ser 48:620–624CrossRef
26.
Greskovich C, Rosolowski JH (1976) Sintering of covalent solids. J Am Ceram Soc 59:336–343CrossRef
27.
Jana DC, Sundararajan G, Chattopadhyay K (2018) Effective activation energy for the solid-state sintering of silicon carbide ceramics. Metal Mater Trans A (Accepted) 49:5599CrossRef
28.
Prochazka S (1975) The role of boron and carbon in the sintering of silicon carbide. In: Popper P (ed) Special ceramics, 6th edn. British Ceramic Research Association, Stoke-on Trent, pp 171–182
29.
Gubernat A, Stobierski L (2003) Sintering of silicon carbide I. Effect of carbon. Ceram Int 29:287–292CrossRef
30.
Malinge A, Coupe A, Petitcorps Y, Pailler R (2012) Pressureless sintering of beta-silicon carbide nanoparticles. J Eur Ceram Soc 32:4393–4400CrossRef
31.
Jana DC, Barick P, Saha BP (2018) Effect of sintering temperature on density and mechanical properties of solid-state sintered silicon carbide ceramics and evaluation of failure origin. J Mater Eng Perform 27:2960–2966CrossRef
32.
Nesmelov DD, Perevislov SN (2015) Reaction sintered materials based on boron carbide and silicon carbide. Glas Ceram 71:313–319CrossRef
33.
Kingery WD, Bowen HK, Uhlmann RD (1976) Introduction to ceramics, 2nd edn. Wiley, New York
34.
Basu B, Tiwari D, Kundu D, Prasad R (2009) Is weibull distribution the most appropriate statistical strength distribution for brittle materials? Ceram Int 35:237–246CrossRef
35.
Green D (1998) An introduction to mechanical properties of ceramics, 1st edn. Cambridge University press, New YorkCrossRef
36.
Wereszczak AA, Kirkland TP, Strong KT Jr (2010) Size-scaling of tensile failure stress in a hot-pressed silicon carbide. Int J Appl Ceram Technol 7:635–642CrossRef
37.
Pickering MA, Taylor RL, Keeley JT, Graves GA (1990) Chemically vapour deposited silicon carbide (SiC) for optical applications. Nucl Instrum Methods Phys Res Sect A 291:95–100CrossRef
38.
Goela JS, Pickering MA, Taylor RL, Murry BW, Lompado A (1991) Properties of chemical-vapour-deposited silicon carbide for optics applications in severe environments. Appl Opt 30:3166–3175CrossRef
39.
Haigis B, Pickering M (1993) CVD scaled up for commercial production of bulk SiC. Am Ceram Soc Bull 72:74–78
40.
Rehn V, Choyke WJ (1980) SiC mirrors for synchrotron radiation. Nucl Inst Methods 177:173–178CrossRef
41.
Goela JS, Taylor RL (1991) Fabrication of lightweight ceramic mirrors by means of a chemical vapour deposition process. US patent 5,071596, 10 Dec 1991
42.
Hirai T, Saski M (1991) Silicon carbide prepared by chemical vapour deposition. In: Somiya S, Inomata Y (eds) Silicon carbide ceramics-1: fundamentals and solid reaction. New York, Elsevier Applied Science, pp 77–97CrossRef
43.
Schlichting J (1980) Chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide. Powder Metall Int 12:141–147
44.
Wang H, Singh RN, Goela JS (1995) Effects of postdeposition treatments of the mechanical properties of a chemical-vapor-deposited silicon carbide. J Am Ceram Soc 78:2437–2442CrossRef
45.
Motojima S, Hasegawa M (1990) Chemical vapor deposition of SiC layers from a gas mixture of CH3SiCI3 + H2 (+ Ar), and effects of the linear velocity and Ar addition. J Vac Sci Technol A 8:3763–3768CrossRef
46.
Huo Y, Chen Y (2008) Effect of deposition temperature on the growth characteristics of CVD SiC coatings. Key Eng Mater 368–372:846–848CrossRef
47.
Lu C, Cheng L, Zhao C, Zhang L, Xu Y (2009) Kinetics of chemical vapor deposition of SiC from methyltrichlorosilane and hydrogen. Appl Surf Sci 255:7495–7499CrossRef
48.
Schlichting J (1980) Chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide. Powder Metall Int 12:196–200
49.
Chin J, Gantzel K, Hudson G (1977) The structure of chemical vapour deposited silicon carbide. Thin Solid Films 40:57–72CrossRef
50.
Pickering MA, Goela JS, Burns LE (1994) Highly polishable highly thermally conductive silicon carbide. US Patent 5,374,412, 20 Dec 1994
Metadata
Title
Silicon Carbide-Based Lightweight Mirror Blanks for Space Optics Applications
Authors
Dulal Chandra Jana
Bhaskar Prasad Saha
Copyright Year
2020
Book
Handbook of Advanced Ceramics and Composites

Print ISBN: 978-3-030-16346-4

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-030-16347-1

Copyright Year: 2020

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16347-1_37

Premium Partners

    Image Credits