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2023 | Book

Site Diversity in Satellite Communications

Modelling Using Copula Functions

Authors: Arsim Kelmendi, Aleš Švigelj, Tomaž Javornik, Andrej Hrovat

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

Book Series : SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology

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About this book

This book describes multi-site diversity modelling of induced rain attenuation statistics for satellite communication systems using copula functions. It gathers all relevant state-of-the-art knowledge, provides the missing pieces and rounds them up in a way that the reader is given a complete picture of important modelling factors and ways to address them. The books’ main features include:

Data post-processing methodology for statistical analysis based on our Earth-satellite propagation experiments. Two novel multi-site diversity prediction models based on Gaussian copula considering distance between stations or considering distance, baseline, and elevation angle. Two novel multi-site diversity prediction models based on hyperbolic cosecant copula considering distance between stations or considering distance, baseline, and elevation angle. Exhaustive comparative tests and error performance of the prediction models showing that improved error performance is achieved compared to the ITU R model and to the state-of-the-art models. The results presented in the book are expected to contribute to the improvement of the system design and to the further research of modelling the next generation satellite links at higher frequencies.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
The demands for high-data-rate broadband services in satellite communications can be fulfilled by developing effective fade-mitigation techniques and deploying telecommunication infrastructures. Therefore, a brief description of broadband satellite communications and the need for site-diversity modelling is introduced. The motivation for, and the goals of, developing multi-site-diversity prediction models based on copulas are presented. The main contributions are also listed. This chapter concludes with an outline of the book.
Arsim Kelmendi, Aleš Švigelj, Tomaž Javornik, Andrej Hrovat
Chapter 2. Propagation-Impairments Modelling and Fade-Mitigation Techniques for Earth-Satellite Links
Abstract
To increase the capacity of satellite-communication systems and thus meet the requirements for high data rates, frequencies above the Ku band must be utilised. Today, many commercial satellite-communication systems operate in the Ka band, while in the near future some of them will operate in the higher Q/V and W bands. At high carrier frequency bands, atmospheric impairments affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves on Earth-satellite links, so those impairments must be considered in the system’s design. Precipitation (especially rain), oxygen, water vapour, clouds, and fog cause attenuation of the signal’s power; tropospheric turbulence causes rapid fluctuations of the signal’s amplitude (known as scintillation); and precipitation, especially ice and rain, causes depolarisation of the signal. Among the various atmospheric phenomena, rain is the most dominant factor affecting fading. This chapter looks at atmospheric effects and their statistics. Fade-mitigation techniques, with an emphasis on site-diversity techniques, which are mostly designed to counteract the severe impairments of the signal caused by rain, are explained and compared. The chapter concludes with a discussion of site-diversity performance, usually expressed as the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) of the combined satellite-channel attenuation.
Arsim Kelmendi, Aleš Švigelj, Tomaž Javornik, Andrej Hrovat
Chapter 3. Earth-Satellite Propagation Experiments and Statistical Analyses
Abstract
To understand, characterise, and model tropospheric impairments worldwide, propagation-measurement experiments for high-frequency satellite-communications systems have been conducted for several decades. These efforts have led to advances in the development of new space applications and the continued improvement of existing satellite services. In this chapter, Earth-satellite measurement campaigns focusing on our own experiments with Ka band beacon receivers conducted in Slovenia and Austria are presented. The focus is on the site-diversity configuration, data processing, and statistical analyses of the attenuation. Based on our own measurements, site-diversity performance is analysed in terms of the CCDFs of attenuation and equi-probable diversity gains for different combinations of ground stations.
Arsim Kelmendi, Aleš Švigelj, Tomaž Javornik, Andrej Hrovat
Chapter 4. Multi-Site-Diversity Modelling in Satellite Communications Using Gaussian Copula
Abstract
New models of two-site-diversity systems based on a Gaussian copula are described, applying our own measurements as well additional experimental data from available databases. The prediction models fit the experimental data of the combined rain-attenuation CCDF from 53 two-site-diversity experiments to the theoretical expression of the combined CCDFs using Gaussian copulas. In addition to the combined channel-attenuation prediction for the two-site-diversity systems, the models are also extended for multi-site systems. The rain-attenuation CCDFs of the single sites are required as the input parameters to the models. The first model considers the distance between the Earth stations, while the second one, in addition to distance, also considers the baseline and elevation angles as the input parameters. The models are validated in terms of their error performance. The predicted joint-exceedance probability distributions are compared to the experimental distributions for numerous site-diversity experiments. The errors are calculated according to the ITU-R P.311 error criteria and expressed as mean errors, standard deviations, and rms values.
Arsim Kelmendi, Aleš Švigelj, Tomaž Javornik, Andrej Hrovat
Chapter 5. Multi-Site-Diversity Modelling in Satellite Communications Using Hyperbolic Cosecant Copula
Abstract
The novel models based on hyperbolic cosecant copula functions for the prediction of joint rain-attenuation CCDF induced on Earth-satellite multi-site-diversity systems are explained in this chapter, while in the previous chapter the models based on Gaussian copula are presented.
Arsim Kelmendi, Aleš Švigelj, Tomaž Javornik, Andrej Hrovat
Chapter 6. Summary
Abstract
In this book, four new methods for predicting the joint rain-attenuation CCDF for multi-site-diversity systems were explained and evaluated. The first two methods are based on the Gaussian copula, labelled as “Gaussian (d)” and “Gaussian (deb)”.
Arsim Kelmendi, Aleš Švigelj, Tomaž Javornik, Andrej Hrovat
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Site Diversity in Satellite Communications
Authors
Arsim Kelmendi
Aleš Švigelj
Tomaž Javornik
Andrej Hrovat
Copyright Year
2023
Electronic ISBN
978-3-031-26274-6
Print ISBN
978-3-031-26273-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26274-6