Smart Grid, V2G and Renewable Integration

Our country’s electric power infrastructure is well governed by the system called Grid. Every day the overtaxed Grid grows in size and complexity. Certain challenges like the power system Grid security and the pollutants due to the carbon-di-oxide emissions are treated as the threatening aspects of our Nation’s growth. These challenges could be overcome by bringing internet technology into the electric power system. This is by far called the Smart Grid technology that is capable of self-healing during any disturbances and could equip as many Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) as possible into our Grid. Indian power sector can be made carbon-free at an effective cost if it is controlled and monitored in an effective way. Information and Communication Tools (ICT) helps to modernize the operation of the electrical networks in a smart platform. Smart Grid is in that sense equips a large number of technologies with a greater number of policies and regulations associated with each category of subsystems. Some of the commonly addressed characteristics of the Smart Grid (SG) in the literature include load response and load management through electric vehicles, microgeneration, smart meters, and information pertaining to the energy uses and prices. Vehicle to Grid (V2G) allows the bidirectional flow of power between the main grid and electric vehicles. The electric vehicles include plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) and Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV). Vehicle to Grid technology is gaining attention in the recent decade as a large amount of electric vehicle enters the market. V2G is an emerging technology that improves the low grid efficiency and reduces the fluctuations in renewable energy interactions. This technology provides efficient load management services to the grid. By this way, the stability of the grid is increased during high demand and low demand hours. This inevitably increases the grid efficiency. The main objective of the vehicle to grid technology is to fit in the electric vehicle completely into the smart grid setup thereby improving the grid’s full utilization capability in handling the distributed energy resources integration more effectively.