Smart Transport Systems and the Digital Economy Infrastructure

Table of Contents

1. Frontmatter

2. Advanced Investment Projects for the Development of Smart Transport Systems and Digital Economy Infrastructure

   1. Frontmatter

   2. The Role of Digital Technology and Innovation in the Development of the Country’s State Budget

      Chinara R. Kulueva, Almash A. Kutmanbekova, Altyn Baatyr uulu, Tillaiym K. Kadyrova, Lola K. Mominova

      Abstract

      The research examines the role of digital technologies in developing Kyrgyzstan’s state budget. Digital technologies enhance the efficiency of tax collection, reduce bureaucracy, improve transparency and accountability of expenditures, and create opportunities for new revenue streams. In today’s environment, digitalization and innovation are crucial in advancing the country’s budgetary framework. Implementing digital technologies increases the efficiency of the budgeting process, enhances public finance management, and ensures transparent use of budgetary funds. The use of analytical tools and big data enables more accurate revenue and expenditure forecasts, helping avoid budget deficits and optimize resource allocation. Innovations in financial technology, such as electronic payment systems and blockchain, facilitate faster and more secure transactions. The authors analyze the impact of digitalization on improving tax collection efficiency, expenditure control, and state financial management. Special attention is given to using electronic payments, digital monitoring systems, and analytics to optimize budget processes. The research concludes that digital technologies hold significant potential for strengthening the financial stability and transparency of Kyrgyzstan’s state budget.

   3. Selecting an Optimal Investment Portfolio of Transport Subsystems Based on the Markovitz Model

      Galym B. Dauletbakov, Bakytkan D. Dauletbakov

      Abstract

      The transport system is an essential part of Kazakhstan’s economy and a key factor in boosting the country’s competitiveness. Kazakhstan’s unique location, bridging Europe and Asia, gives it a natural advantage in the global economic system. Transport companies are now under pressure to meet strict external demands. One way to address these challenges is by choosing an optimal investment portfolio for transport subsystems. Using the Markowitz model, originally designed for securities, this approach has been adapted to create a balanced portfolio for real investments. This research is important as it solves the complex task of identifying the most optimal choice among a set of potential project portfolios. The core of this challenge lies in achieving a balance across various quality metrics. The research emphasizes creating a method to select the best project portfolio from acceptable alternatives, leveraging a range of optimality criteria worked out by the Markowitz model. The practical significance of the research findings lies in their applicability to real-world strategic decision-making. The theoretical principles developed in this research provide a robust foundation for designing optimal portfolios of investment projects. These portfolios can be tailored to align with the strategic management objectives of various economic sectors, ensuring resource allocation is efficient and aligned with long-term development goals.

   4. Transformational Processes of the Influence of Economic Factors on the Construction of the Railway in Turkestan: Historical Aspect

      Rashod A. Nasirov, Bakhtiyor E. Yuldashev, Dilfuza M. Yuldasheva

      Abstract

      The historical factors that influenced the process of building the Turkestan Railway formed the basis of this research and were the reason for writing this scientific article. Drawing on the study of archival materials from 1927–1932, this research offers an analytical assessment of the impact of the newly established railway connections on the trade and economic relations of nearby cities. The research shows that the construction of the railway to Turkestan at that time meant strengthening the borders of the Russian Empire in the region. Moreover, it brought the development of Turkestan to be a profitable market in all respects for the sale of manufactured finished and industrial products. The transformation processes were not only economic but also geopolitical, aimed at expanding influence through the construction of a railway in Turkestan. The primary objective of this railway construction was to bolster the country’s economic potential. One of the most significant nationwide projects between 1927 and 1932, the construction of the Turksib Railway had immense state and economic significance. It connected resource-rich Siberia, known for its grain, timber, and coal, with the cotton-producing regions of Central Asia via the shortest route. The construction of the railway strengthened Russia’s presence on the territory bordering China. Moreover, it gave a new impetus to developing trade between Siberia, Semirechye, and Turkestan.

   5. The Impact of the Corporate Financing Ratio on the Weighted Average Cost of Capital: Evidence from Automobile Manufacturing Companies

      Ashot V. Matevosyan, Vahe K. Mikayelyan, Hovik H. Grigoryan, Mane H. Matevosyan, Ani Z. Grigoryan

      Abstract

      This research presents an approach to examining the impact of Corporate Financing Ratio (CFR) on the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) in automobile manufacturing companies listed on global stock exchanges. The research focuses on identifying optimal capital structures within the sector and outlining key operational requirements. Findings confirm that CFR has a significant influence on WACC, with a more pronounced effect in the automobile industry due to its high capital intensity and reliance on debt. By optimizing financial strategies, companies can reduce WACC volatility related to CFR, thereby improving financial stability and investment appeal. The primary research objective is to conduct a comparative analysis of the current financial requirements of internationally listed automobile manufacturers, explore the relationship between CFR and WACC, and highlight regulatory challenges in liquidity control through sector-specific comparisons. The key contribution of this research lies in uncovering the industry-specific characteristics of CFR management and its impact on WACC within the automotive sector.

   6. Legal Support for the Implementation of Digital Platforms Based on Artificial Intelligence in the Data Economy

      Anna V. Dudchenko, Inna N. Kolkareva, Ruslan N. Frolov, Elena A. Gorlova, Mariya I. Lenkova

      Abstract

      The process of changing the business environment and the architecture of public administration in Russia by introducing digital platforms based on artificial intelligence (AI) has revealed significant problems in their legal support. Legislative initiatives of 2021–2025 are focused on competitive law and protecting consumers of digital intermediaries. The authors attempt to systemically analyze the concept of state influence on digital platforms by the Government of the Russian Federation, the Central Bank of Russia, and the Federal Antimonopoly Service of the Russian Federation in the context of digital transformation and the involvement of artificial intelligence. The research emphasizes the importance of establishing effective mechanisms for interaction among various participants of the platform economy, including local authorities, business structures, and social institutions. Special attention is paid to a comprehensive approach to the development and implementation of legislative initiatives aimed at stimulating long-term growth, improving business conditions, and enhancing social stability by regulating the activities of digital platforms. As a result of the analysis of theoretical research, statistical data, current regulations, and draft laws, the authors identified key directions to create a holistic mechanism of state influence on the platform economy. These measures involve changing the institutional structure and developing mechanisms to support innovation, investment, and sustainable partnerships. The conclusions and recommendations of this research are aimed at minimizing risks and enhancing the competitiveness of intermediary digital platforms in the long term.

   7. Legal Support for Digital Economy Infrastructure: Russian and International Experience

      Julia A. Gavrilova, Olga N. Didenko, Nina A. Kalashnikova

      Abstract

      The authors consider the theoretical and practical problems of the formation and functioning of digital infrastructure. The concept of digital infrastructure is open to discussion in terms of the composition of elements and the nature of emergence. This research explores the multifaceted concept of digital infrastructure, encompassing network technologies, software and hardware, network management, human resources, digital products, and digital organizational culture. The legal support for digital economy infrastructure is closely tied to the pace and nature of its development. The research emphasizes the complex nature of digital infrastructure and the need for a comprehensive analysis of the factors driving its evolution. These factors include technologies, software, products, human capital, pricing, financial institutions, competition, smart city development, and environmental protection. The research examines the use of digital infrastructure in the economies of China, Singapore, and the EAEU countries and concludes with an assessment of national digital infrastructure systems. The primary aim of this research is to analyze the fundamental legal requirements for supporting digital economy infrastructure, focusing on national priorities, international best practices, public–private partnerships, collaboration among science, business, and society, and the need for realistic, flexible, and balanced approaches.

   8. Predictive Analytics as a Tool for Forecasting the Development of Retail Chains

      Olga S. Glinskaya, Nadezhda N. Makarova, Dmitry Yu. Kartashov

      Abstract

      Retail chains have become an integral part of our lives. The growth and development of retail networks depend on numerous factors. On the one hand, competition among retailers drives the improvement of retail chains. On the other hand, customer demand in retail is influenced by various mechanisms such as discounts, sales promotions, bonuses, and other incentives. Additionally, economic changes significantly affect retail performance, including inflation, interest rate hikes, currency exchange rate fluctuations, and overall economic instability. The future of retail lies in adopting an innovative approach. The innovative development of retail chains is grounded in the use of digital technologies that consider consumer habits, environmental and social aspects, market consolidation, and competition in the retail industry. In such a dynamic environment, retail managers must rely on analytical data derived from various sources. It is crucial not only to make timely decisions but also to predict financial performance. This research examines the development trends of three major retailers and substantiates the use of predictive analytics as a tool for forecasting the growth of retail networks. The authors focus on areas such as demand forecasting, price management, logistics optimization, fraud detection, and marketing research.

   9. Investments in Smart Transport Infrastructure as a Source of Growth for the Competitiveness of the Digital Economy

      Arzybek O. Kozhoshev, Kirill Yu. Tikhomirov, Marina V. Safronchuk, Armen A. Markosyan

      Abstract

      The research aims to identify opportunities for investing in smart transport infrastructure as a driver of competitiveness in the digital economy of developing countries. To achieve this goal, the authors developed an econometric model based on international statistics for 2025, which examines the contribution of investments in smart transport infrastructure to the competitiveness of the digital economy in developing nations. The model’s theoretical significance lies in its ability to quantitatively characterize the patterns of competitiveness growth as investment activity in this sector increases. Based on the developed model, a new path for developing smart transport infrastructure in developing countries is proposed—private investment support for this infrastructure. The authors made projections up to 2030, making it possible to identify alternative scenarios of changes in the competitiveness of the digital economy in developing countries, depending on fluctuations in the volume of investments in smart transport infrastructure until 2030. The demonstrated scenarios revealed that a shortage of private investments in smart transport infrastructure could lead to a sharp decline in the competitiveness of the digital economy in developing countries. The authors argue that, depending on the scale of private investment in smart transport infrastructure, the growth of digital economy competitiveness in developing countries could range from 8.76 to 18.31% by 2030. These scenarios hold practical significance because they reduce uncertainty regarding the role of investment support for smart transport infrastructure, which, in turn, will help improve governmental policies for managing the competitiveness of the digital economy in developing countries.

   10. Development of Smart Transport Systems within the Digital Economy Infrastructure in the Regions to Ensure Russia’s Economic Security

       Aleksey A. Mironov, Olga A. Mironova

       Abstract

       The research aims to explore the scientific and practical aspects of developing smart transport systems within the digital economy infrastructure in Russia’s regions to ensure national economic security. Drawing on 2023 statistics from the Southern (SFD) and Volga (VFD) Federal Districts of the Russian Federation, the research presents a new meso-level perspective on the country’s economic security, demonstrated through the example of these districts for 2023–2030. This perspective includes, first, an infrastructure-based mechanism for ensuring economic security in Russia’s regions centered on TLC 5.0. Second, it outlines the potential for strengthening regional economic security in the SFD and VFD through 2030 by maximizing the use of the most critical technologies in TLC 5.0. Third, it provides a set of practical recommendations for the development of smart transport systems in the digital economy infrastructure of the SFD and VFD through 2030. The theoretical significance of the results lies in explaining the cause-and-effect relationships that drive changes in national economic security, as reflected at the regional level through the innovative concept of TLC 5.0 infrastructure as a phenomenon of Russia’s digital regional economy. The practical value is embodied in the author’s proposals for the breakthrough development of regional economies and smart transport systems within Russia’s digital infrastructure.

   11. The Impact of the Growth of Innovative Products on the Credit Behavior of Households in the Context of Climate Change

       Aliya T. Bayakhmetova, Lyazzat T. Bayakhmetova, Leyla T. Bayakhmetova, Daniyar Zh. Medetov, Shakizada U. Niyazbekova

       Abstract

       This research addresses the issue of climate change, which is reshaping the economic landscape. The need to study household behavior in light of the global focus on environmental conservation laid the foundation for this research. The research aims to explore the relationship between innovative products and the credit behavior of households in the context of climate change. To test the hypothesis, the authors applied regression analysis, revealing a strong correlation between household borrowing and income, driven by high income sensitivity and minimal influence of the volume of innovative products, and observed abnormal changes in the mean annual air temperature on credit behavior. The research shows that the trajectory of economic development in resource-based economies is contingent upon the level of development of inclusive institutions. The analysis revealed that in the absence of strong institutions, there is less active adoption of ESG standards and a lower inclination among households toward environmental conservation. The key issue appears to be the limited acceptance of green technology culture by households in daily life. The subject matter sets the stage for further exploration of this topic, with a broad focus on Central Asian countries.