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Published in: Society 6/2019

05-12-2019 | Symposium: Self-Censorship and Life in the Liberal Academy

Sources of Self-Censorship

Author: Nicole Ramsoomair

Published in: Society | Issue 6/2019

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Whether it is backlash from the publication of controversial papers or calls for no-platforming, the question of freedom of expression in academia seems to be more pertinent than ever. Tuvel (2017) recently faced heavy criticism for her piece on an analogy between transgenderism and racial transition she termed “transracialism” (271). The publication of her paper resulted in calls for retraction and eventual dissolution of the journal’s editorial board. Likewise, Littman’s (2018) controversial article arguing for “rapid onset gender dysphoria” was met with charges of promoting transphobic sentiments. The criticism led the journal to issue an apology (3). Further, the UK chapter of Minorities and Philosophy (MAP) questioned whether Kathleen Stock, known for her controversial views on gender identity, should speak at an Aristotelian Society conference (Conkerton-Darby, Amy et al. 2019). More recently and as a result of these and other similar controversies, twelve philosophers signed an open letter that urged against sanctions on certain opinions on sex and gender in philosophy. They expressed concern for the state of academic integrity and feared a potential chill in the rich discursive environment that is meant to characterize philosophic inquiry. They write, “censuring philosophers who defend these controversial positions or preventing those positions from being advanced at professional conferences and in scholarly journals, violate the fundamental academic commitment to free inquiry” (Bermudez et al. 2019, para 3). It is clear that scholars should not be ostracized for their views, but what is often left out of these calls for greater academic integrity, is the equally important role of academic responsibility. …

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Footnotes
1
For an early example of this argument, see Raymond, Janice, 1979.
 
2
See also Stock, Kathleen 2018.
 
3
Even seemingly innocuous gender-employment terms carry assumptions concerning inferiority. For instance, Stephanie Julia Kapusta (2016) argues that family resemblance accounts of gender are unacceptable due to the way they marginalize trans identities. See Kapusta 2016.
 
4
For a discussion on experiential knowledge, see Babbitt, Susan E. 1996.
 
5
As Chamlee-Wright’s concern is more academic and focused on the institutions that are meant to maintain a healthy amount of abrasion, the solutions here do not necessarily offer guidance outside of academia. Unchecked reactions and unchecked content that characterizes much social media interaction FIX help create conditions for stereotype and bias to thrive. It is not just the echo chambers of reiterated beliefs that magnify stereotypes with little to no contact with those who are stereotyped, but persons are also disposed to a number of psychological mechanisms (such as confirmation bias) that tend to make these sorts of beliefs more recalcitrant (Baumeister and Vohs, 2007). Worse, corrections to false information may fail due to the “backfire effect” and purports to show that information that challenges one’s existing beliefs are not only met with resistance, but can cause the person to “support their original opinion even more strongly”(Nyhan and Reifler 2010, 307). It is with regard to this kind of unabated and dangerous speech that might make a good candidate to stricter forms of censorship.
 
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Metadata
Title
Sources of Self-Censorship
Author
Nicole Ramsoomair
Publication date
05-12-2019
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Society / Issue 6/2019
Print ISSN: 0147-2011
Electronic ISSN: 1936-4725
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12115-019-00417-x

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