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2020 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

3. Sovereignty

Author : Wayne Edwards

Published in: Sovereignty and Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the United States

Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan US

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Abstract

Political sovereignty is defined and discussed in this chapter, in both legal and theoretical frameworks. The importance of sovereignty to indigenous peoples is emphasized. Native groups in the United States who have some level of political sovereignty have a hybrid sort that is subordinate to the federal authority. It is similar to the level of sovereignty that states have, but somewhat less. Tribes can engage in self-determination only to the extent that the federal authority allows it through consultation with tribes via the government-to-government relationship that the parties maintain. In order for an indigenous group to have political sovereignty, it must be officially recognized by the US government. The recognition process is discussed in detail.

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previous chapter A Very Brief History of the Relationship Between Indigenous Peoples and the US Government

next chapter Economic Outcomes of People

Jackson (2007), p. ix.

Vermont Department of Taxes (2016).

United Nations (2008).

Richardson (2010).

Cultural Survival (2010).

https://www.state.gov/documents/organization/184099.pdf

Additions to polling stations for increased access on reservations have to be requested from the state and may or may not be granted.

State guidelines vary considerably, some being more specific than others. The existence of guidelines does not mean that it is necessarily difficult to get variances. The existence of the necessity for approval is the issue here—sovereignty is limited in this way.

Biolsi (2005).

Jackson (2007), p. 104.

Field (2008), pp. 8–9.

Klopotek (2011), p. 3.

Ostler (2010).

US Department of the Interior (2015).

Klopotek (2011), p. 3.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations (2017).

Office of Federal Acknowledgement (2016).

Federal Register (2015).

Koenig and Stein (2008).

Heim (2015).

US Department of the Interior (2016a).

Koenig and Stein (2008).

Ibid.

Ibid., p. 100.

Cherokee Nation (2009).

Ibid.

Sheffield (1997), p. 60.

Blackwell and Mehaffey (1983), p. 56.

US Department of the Interior (2016b).

Prucha (1986), pp. 300–1.

Hair (2016).

Ibid.

Kauanui (2008).

Ibid., pp. 5–6.

Ibid., p. 38.

Sheffield (1997), pp. 82–83.

Shepherd (2010), pp. 188–189.

43 U.S. Code § 1602 (b).

Cumfer (2007), p. 26.

Bardill (2016).

Prucha (1984).

Ibid., p. 1014.

Pevar (2004), p. 127.

Prucha (1984), pp. 1058–1059.

Terminated tribes cannot use the Part 83 acknowledgment process.

Peacher (2015).

Peacher (2016).

The so-called Five Civilized Tribes were Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, and Chickasaw.

14 Stats., 799.

Russell (2015a).

Ibid.

United States Supreme Court, Santa Clara Pueblo v. Martinez, (1978), No. 76–682.

Russell (2015b).

Coffey and Tsosie 2001.

Ibid., p. 193.

Ibid., p. 196.

Ibid., pp. 204–205.

Ibid., p. 210.

Bardill, Jessica. 2016. Tribal Sovereignty and Enrollment Determinations. American Indian and Alaska Native Genetics Resource Center. National Congress of American Indians. http://genetics.ncai.org/tribal-sovereignty-and-enrollment-determinations.cfm. Accessed 3 Jan 2017.

Biolsi, Thomas. 2005. Imagine Geographies: Sovereignty, Indigenous Space, and American Indian Struggle. American Ethnologist 32 (2): 239–259.CrossRef

Blackwell, Charles H., and J. Patrick Mehaffey. 1983. American Indians, Trust and Recognition. In Nonrecognized American Indian Tribes: An Historical and Legal Perspective, Occasional Paper Series No. 7, ed. Frank W. Porter III, 50–73. Chicago: The Newberry Library Center for the History of the American Indian.

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Coffey, Wallace, and Rebecca Tsosie. 2001. Rethinking the Tribal Sovereignty Doctrine: Cultural Sovereignty and the Collective Future of Indian Nations. Stanford Law & Policy Review 12 (2): 191–221.

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Cumfer, Cynthia. 2007. Separate Peoples, One Land: The Minds of Cherokees, Blacks, and Whites on the Tennessee Frontier. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.

Electronic Code of Federal Regulations. 2017. Title 25: Indians. Part 83—Procedures for Federal Acknowledgment of Indian Tribes. http://www.ecfr.gov/cgi-bin/text-idx?SID=bc4b8ffd8c2936a0aa61424ec65880db&mc=true&node=pt25.1.83&rgn=div5#sp25.1.83.b. Accessed 11 Jan 2017.

Federal Register. 2015. Federal Acknowledgement of American Indian Tribes. 80 (126): 37865.

Field, Les W. 2008. Abalone Tales: Collaborative Explorations of Sovereignty and Identity in Native California. Durham: Duke University Press.CrossRef

Hair, Josiah. 2016. Native American Blood Quantum, Facts and Myths. http://www.powwows.com/native-american-blood-quantum-facts-and-myths/. Accessed 12 Jan 2017.

Heim, Joe. 2015. Federal Recognition Put on Hold for Virginia’s Pamunkey Indian Tribe. Washington Post on-line. https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/federal-recognition-put-on-hold-for-virginias-pamunkey-indian-tribe/2015/10/08/479dd9e0-6dcf-11e5-b31c-d80d62b53e28_story.html?utm_term=.acf61f39c2c5. Accessed 12 Jan 2017.

Jackson, Robert. 2007. Sovereignty. Cambridge: Polity Press.

Kauanui, J.Kēhaulani. 2008. Hawaiian Blood: Colonialism and the Politics of Sovereignty and Indigeneity. Durham: Duke University Press.CrossRef

Klopotek, Brian. 2011. Recognition Odysseys: Indigeneity, Race, and Federal Tribal Recognition Policy in Three Louisiana Indian Communities. Durham: Duke University Press.CrossRef

Koenig, Alexa, and Jonathan Stein. 2008. Federalism and the State Recognition of Native American Tribes: A Survey of State-Recognized Tribes and State Recognition Processes Across the United States. Santa Clara Law Review 48 (1): 79–153.

Office of Federal Acknowledgement. 2016. Guidelines. http://www.bia.gov/WhoWeAre/AS-IA/OFA/OFAGuidelines/index.htm. Accessed 17 Oct 2016.

Ostler, Jeffrey. 2010. The Lakotas and the Black Hills: The Struggle for Sacred Ground. New York: Penguin Books.

Peacher, Amanda. 2015. Tribal Court Upholds Ruling to Disenroll Grand Ronde Members. Oregon Public Broadcasting. http://www.opb.org/news/article/confederated-grande-ronde-tribes-tribal-court-decision/. Accessed 12 Jan 2017.

———. 2016. Tribal Court Reverses Grand Ronde Disenrollment Decision. Oregon Public Broadcasting. http://www.opb.org/news/article/grand-ronde-disenrollment-decision-reversed-chief-tumulth/. Accessed 12 Jan 2017.

Pevar, Stephen L. 2004. The Rights of Indians and Tribes. 3rd ed. New York: New York University Press.

Prucha, Francis Paul. 1984. The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

———. 1986. The Great Father: The United States Government and the American Indians. Abridged ed. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.

Richardson, Valerie. 2010. Obama Adopts U.N. Manifesto on Rights of Indigenous Peoples. Washington Post Website. http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2010/dec/16/obama-adopts-un-manifesto-on-rights-of-indigenous-/. Accessed 3 Dec 2016.

Russell, Steve. 2015a. Disappearing Indians, Part II: The Hypocrisy of Race in Deciding Who’s Enrolled. Indian Country Today Media Network.com. http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2015/07/28/disappearing-indians-part-ii-hypocrisy-race-deciding-whos-enrolled-161197. Accessed 18 Nov 2016.

———. 2015b. Disappearing Indians III: Carving Up the New Buffalo. Indian Country Today Media Network.com. http://indiancountrytodaymedianetwork.com/2015/08/04/disappearing-indians-iii-carving-new-buffalo-161278. Accessed 29 Nov 2016.

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———. 2016a. Order Dismissing Request for Reconsideration Docket No. IBIA 16-003. https://www.oha.doi.gov/IBIA/Ibiadecisions/62ibia/62ibia122.pdf. Accessed 12 Jan 2017.

———. 2016b. Tribal Enrollment Process. https://www.doi.gov/tribes/enrollment. Accessed 12 Nov 2016.

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Title: Sovereignty
Author: Wayne Edwards
Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan US
Book: Sovereignty and Land Rights of Indigenous Peoples in the United States
Print ISBN: 978-1-137-59399-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-1-137-59400-6

Copyright Year: 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-59400-6_3

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