Spatio-Temporal Scale Selection in Video Data

We present a theory and a method for simultaneous detection of local spatial and temporal scales in video data. The underlying idea is that if we process video data by spatio-temporal receptive fields at multiple spatial and temporal scales, we would like to generate hypotheses about the spatial extent and the temporal duration of the underlying spatio-temporal image structures that gave rise to the feature responses. For two types of spatio-temporal scale-space representations, (i) a non-causal Gaussian spatio-temporal scale space for offline analysis of pre-recorded video sequences and (ii) a time-causal and time-recursive spatio-temporal scale space for online analysis of real-time video streams, we express sufficient conditions for spatio-temporal feature detectors in terms of spatio-temporal receptive fields to deliver scale covariant and scale invariant feature responses. A theoretical analysis is given of the scale selection properties of six types of spatio-temporal interest point detectors, showing that five of them allow for provable scale covariance and scale invariance. Then, we describe a time-causal and time-recursive algorithm for detecting sparse spatio-temporal interest points from video streams and show that it leads to intuitively reasonable results.