21. Standards and Recommendations

Many of the research results described in the previous Section have been translated into practical recommendations for tunnel lighting. Often these recommendations are also based on assessments made by committee members in many different existing tunnels with widely different lighting installations. In this Section, first the recommendations for tunnel lighting of the international lighting commission (CIE) will be dealt with. They concern both long tunnels for motorized traffic and short tunnels and underpasses for either motorised traffic or for slow-moving traffic such as pedestrians and cyclists. The CIE recommendation is often referred to in national or local tunnel-lighting recommendations all over the world. An example of this is the North American Standard for tunnel lighting, which will also be described here and which is based partly on former and partly on the most recent CIE recommendation. The focus is on the methods that the standard and recommendation use for specifying tunnel lighting. For the detailed contents reference is made to the relevant publications themselves.

All values specified concern maintained values. These are lighting values that need to be met during the entire lifetime of an installation. The design value of the new installation needs to be determined by taking into account an appropriate maintenance factor to allow for depreciation of the lamps and luminaires (see Sect. 13.5 “Maintenance” of Part 1). For copyright reasons, the Standards and Recommendations are reproduced only in part.