Skip to main content
Top

2023 | Book

State-of-the-Art Indonesia Energy Transition

Empirical Analysis of Energy Programs Acceptance

insite
SEARCH

About this book

This book discusses how people can come together to address current energy justice and access poverty problems by examining the relationship between energy systems and society in diverse energy sources. The novelty of this book is that this is the only complete guide for readers who wish to understand the status of Indonesia’s energy transition and renewable energy development.

Energy programs that are explored are the ones prioritized by government administrations, including coal, nuclear power, solar energy, green electricity, and geothermal energy. Based on extensive fieldwork and empirical data, the book combines insights from historical data on energy subsidies and economic diversification, current empirical data on social acceptance of new energy technologies, and contemporary studies that forecast the implications of the transition to the coal industry and fossil fuel subsidies. It asks how Indonesia has enacted policies that support energy transition. How do the public and civil society view those policies? What are the implications for broader themes and discussions on energy sources, technology, systems, policies, and service?

Strategies are suggested to advance a sustainable transition in the developing world that will mitigate developmental risks associated with the transition away from fossil fuels while encouraging decision making in a sustainable and socially just manner. This book is an informative and engaging read for a general audience as well as a valuable resource for scholars, researchers, and students in environmental and energy studies.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
This chapter introduces the country and scientific context in which the book is situated. It discusses the energy transition in Indonesia and defines the terms “social acceptance” and “energy justice” while exploring the purpose and structure of the book. The book’s central aim is the consolidation and development of debates surrounding the social acceptance of energy programs, by exploring the political and behavioural drivers and implications of the condition.
Dinita Setyawati
Chapter 2. Social Acceptance in the Context of Energy Justice
Abstract
Social acceptance is one of the key determinants in implementing successful regulatory frameworks and policies. The past debate of social acceptance is centred around NIMBY (Not in My Own Backyard) which is closely correlated with the case of wind energy. More recent literature introduces three dimensions of social acceptance, namely socio-political, community and market acceptance. Justice factors are increasingly recognised as being important for understanding why social rejection produces the outcomes. In this chapter, this study examines the current literature on social acceptance and energy justice and extends the discussion about how much of the literature on social acceptance and energy justice had been derived from the Western conception of justice that promotes freedom, equality and participation.
Dinita Setyawati
Chapter 3. A Centralised Energy System of Indonesia
Abstract
For Indonesia, meeting energy demand implies substantial changes in the traditional energy system that relies heavily on fossil fuels. The state-owned companies and the fossil fuel industry maintain hegemony over the energy system through policies and regulations that support dependency on fossil fuel. Yet, declining fossil fuel reserves call for immediate interventions to increase the utilisation of renewable energy. A number of regulatory reforms have allowed a greater role of the private sector and civil society in the energy system, for example, the introduction of a net metering scheme and reimbursement costs for geothermal investors. However, local government participation is still limited. This chapter reviews the existing energy regulatory regime and analyses the role of stakeholders by whom policies were created. The result shows that breaking the control of the state and fossil fuel hegemony is inconceivable. Instead, a successful energy transition includes new ground-breaking energy policies and legally binding decarbonisation targets that recognise its urgent needs and necessary implementation.
Dinita Setyawati
Chapter 4. Analysis of Perceptions Towards the Rooftop Photovoltaic Solar System Policy
Abstract
This chapter explores the public perception of Ministerial Regulation No. 49/2018 on Rooftop Photovoltaic (PV) that enables the State Electricity Company (PLN) consumers to install solar system at home and sell excess electricity to the company. The regulation is an effort to achieve the target of Nationally Determined Contribution agreement of using 23% renewable energy by 2025. The methodology comprises an online questionnaire survey (n = 987) and interviews with government officials from the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources and National Energy Board. The chapter argues that the perception of both the society and government is generally positive regarding the development of solar technology and policy implementation. In addition, several issues such as solar panel subsidy, institutional strengthening and the lack of information from the government were raised.
Dinita Setyawati
Chapter 5. Electricity Charging Stations and the Energy Survival of the Urban Informal Sector
Abstract
This chapter presents a study on energy poverty that manifests in various dimensions: access, equity and quality. In Indonesia, electricity deprivation results from low access to safe and reliable electricity connection. For street vendor communities, electricity deprivation constitutes vulnerability in two aspects: economic vulnerability and socio-political vulnerability. This chapter starts from the multiple definitional controversies surrounding energy poverty and energy justice and then discusses the different ways they affect the vulnerability of communities being studied. In this study, marginalised urban communities are defined as the informal sector workers operating businesses on the street or the street vendor communities. This chapter concludes that this challenge calls for specific actions, from government initiatives to community-based efforts and innovation.
Dinita Setyawati
Chapter 6. Emerging Justice Issues in the Citizen Acceptance of Nuclear Power Deployment
Abstract
This chapter analyses the citizen acceptance of nuclear power plant development in Indonesia by analysing minute of meetings of the parliamentary member responsible for energy issues, a nationwide and a provincial-based survey. The results suggest that both the public and the members of parliaments accept and agree the government’s plan to develop nuclear power plants. More than 50% of respondents support the development of the nuclear power plants. This suggests that perceived benefits such as cheaper cost of electricity and no power outage outrank the perceived risks.
Dinita Setyawati
Chapter 7. Academics’ Preferences for Green Electricity Attributes
Abstract
This chapter investigated the preferences for green electricity attributes by using a discrete choice experiment survey. The survey was distributed to academics community in Indonesia. It identifies the drivers for green electricity adoption and preference, as well as the barriers to academics’ acceptance of green electricity. Also discussed are the key demographics that influence the preference for green electricity. Findings show that price, environmental impact, mode of information dissemination and renewable energy percentage in the electricity mix influence respondents’ preference for green electricity product.
Dinita Setyawati
Chapter 8. Injustice and Environmental Harm in Extractive Industries
Abstract
The rapid development of Indonesia’s economy in the recent decades has accelerated the exploitation of natural resources by the extractive industries and increased carbon emissions through higher energy consumption. Additionally, the persistent enthusiasm for coal energy and the ambitious deployment of renewable energy may have led to injustices in the energy system, short-sighted corrupt practices and environmental harm. This chapter examines the challenges and risks of energy source utilisation and technological developments linked to coal, geothermal and solar energy. More specifically, I focused on the following issues: domestic market obligation for coal, geothermal exploration, solar lamp distribution, rooftop photovoltaic policy and electricity charging stations (ECS). Investigating these issues from an energy justice and a green criminology perspective allowed us to evaluate them concerning instances where injustices (to humans and the environment) have emerged and how they should be addressed. In conclusion, the chapter demonstrates how the marginalisation of rural communities and production of environmental harm has been perpetuated by powerful figures, reinforced since colonialism and escalated by the demands of the Global North.
Dinita Setyawati
Chapter 9. Renewable Energy Procurement in Southeast Asia: Challenges and Opportunities
Abstract
This chapter examines the availability of renewable energy procurement schemes in Southeast Asia. It traces the electricity market development in Malaysia, Indonesia and Vietnam. This chapter starts from the multiple controversies surrounding energy transition in Southeast Asia, to then discuss the state of energy transition in each country. This chapter concludes that Vietnam and Malaysia are leading the race to Net Zero compared to Indonesia due to the availability of renewable energy financing and incentives for project developers. 
Dinita Setyawati
Chapter 10. Determinants of Social Acceptance
Abstract
This chapter reviews and discusses important findings from the precious chapters that underpin existing patterns of social acceptance in Southeast Asia. This is achieved via the exploration of research focused on the topic as part of a wider investigation in which a pattern is identified across the different case studies. Special attention is paid to the emergent themes of the socio-political-market and community. The chapter then systematically overviews the development of the debate focusing on different elements of energy justice—distributional, procedural and recognition.
Dinita Setyawati
Chapter 11. Conclusion
Abstract
This chapter provides a concluding summary of the key findings of the book in the context of its study purpose and objective and recommends possible avenues for policy and future research.
Dinita Setyawati
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
State-of-the-Art Indonesia Energy Transition
Author
Dinita Setyawati
Copyright Year
2023
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-9926-83-1
Print ISBN
978-981-9926-82-4
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2683-1