Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 3/2021

01-09-2021 | Original Paper

Strengthening of Slope by Soil Nailing Using Finite Difference and Limit Equilibrium Methods

Authors: Sanjay Kumar Singh, Madhu Sudan Negi, Janmeet Singh

Published in: International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering | Issue 3/2021

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The instability of slope has always been a major problem in the construction industry as it can cause various economic and social loss. In the present study, some typical slopes generally encountered in Indian Railways are analyzed numerically to determine its stability in terms of factor of safety (FOS) under static and seismic conditions using Finite difference method (FDM) and limit equilibrium method (LEM). For simulating seismic conditions, pseudostatic force analysis is carried out with horizontal seismic coefficient of 0.18 corresponding to zone IV of Indian seismic zoning system. Minimum FOS for stable slope is taken as 1.5 and 1.1 for static and seismic conditions, respectively. Soil nailing is used for stabilising unstable slope. For designing soil nail system, initially parametric study is conducted by varying the nail length and inclination using Finite difference code FLAC 2D for obtaining the optimum nail parameters required for slope stabilisation. The optimum length and inclination of soil nail from parametric study comes out to be 0.83 H and 15°, respectively. Stabilisation of unstable slope is carried out using the results obtained from parametric study. It is found that the nail inclination and nail length have a considerable effect on the FOS, nail axial force and shear force. It is also found that results by both the approaches are comparable, though, FOS obtained by LEM is slightly higher than FDM.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Griffiths DV, Lane PA (1999) Slope stability analysis by finite elements. Geotechnique 49:387–440CrossRef Griffiths DV, Lane PA (1999) Slope stability analysis by finite elements. Geotechnique 49:387–440CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Stead D, Eberhardt E, Coggan J (2006) Developments in the characterization of complex rock slope deformation and failure using numerical modeling techniques. Eng Geol 83:217–135CrossRef Stead D, Eberhardt E, Coggan J (2006) Developments in the characterization of complex rock slope deformation and failure using numerical modeling techniques. Eng Geol 83:217–135CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Ho IH (2014) Parametric studies of slope stability analyses using three-dimensional finite element technique: geometric effect. J Geoeng 9:33–43 Ho IH (2014) Parametric studies of slope stability analyses using three-dimensional finite element technique: geometric effect. J Geoeng 9:33–43
7.
go back to reference Zienkiewicz OC, Tayor RL (1989) The finite element method. McGraw-Hill, London Zienkiewicz OC, Tayor RL (1989) The finite element method. McGraw-Hill, London
8.
go back to reference ITASCA (2011) FLAC, fast Lagrangian analysis of continua, Version 7. Itasca Consulting Group, Minneapolis ITASCA (2011) FLAC, fast Lagrangian analysis of continua, Version 7. Itasca Consulting Group, Minneapolis
10.
go back to reference Zhang Y, Chen G, Zheng L, Li Y, Zhuang X (2013) Effects of geometries on three-dimensional slope stability. Can Geotech J 50:233–249CrossRef Zhang Y, Chen G, Zheng L, Li Y, Zhuang X (2013) Effects of geometries on three-dimensional slope stability. Can Geotech J 50:233–249CrossRef
12.
go back to reference IS 2720 Part-28 (1974) Determination of dry density of soils in-place, by the sand replacement method. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi IS 2720 Part-28 (1974) Determination of dry density of soils in-place, by the sand replacement method. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi
13.
go back to reference IS 2720 Part-39 section 2 (1979) Direct shear test for soils containing gravel section 2 in-situ shear test. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi IS 2720 Part-39 section 2 (1979) Direct shear test for soils containing gravel section 2 in-situ shear test. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi
14.
go back to reference IS1893 (2002) Indian standard criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures part 1. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi IS1893 (2002) Indian standard criteria for earthquake resistant design of structures part 1. Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi
15.
go back to reference US Army Corps of Engineers (1989) Engineer manual, retaining and flood walls. EM 1110–2–2502 US Army Corps of Engineers (1989) Engineer manual, retaining and flood walls. EM 1110–2–2502
16.
go back to reference Aryal,KP (2006) Slope stability evaluation by Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element Methods. Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondhium Aryal,KP (2006) Slope stability evaluation by Limit Equilibrium and Finite Element Methods. Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondhium
17.
go back to reference GEO-SLOPE International (2012) SLOPE/W Stability Analysis. Users Guide Version 5, GeoSlope Office, Canada GEO-SLOPE International (2012) SLOPE/W Stability Analysis. Users Guide Version 5, GeoSlope Office, Canada
18.
go back to reference McGown A, Andrawes KZ, Ai-Hasani M (1978) Effect of inclusion properties on the behaviour of sand. Geotechnique 28:327–346CrossRef McGown A, Andrawes KZ, Ai-Hasani M (1978) Effect of inclusion properties on the behaviour of sand. Geotechnique 28:327–346CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Fan CC, Luo JH (2008) Numerical study on the optimum layout of soil-nailed slopes. Comput Geotech 35:585–599CrossRef Fan CC, Luo JH (2008) Numerical study on the optimum layout of soil-nailed slopes. Comput Geotech 35:585–599CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Wei WB, Cheng YM (2010) Soil nailed slope by strength reduction and limit equilibrium methods. Comput Geotech 37:602–618CrossRef Wei WB, Cheng YM (2010) Soil nailed slope by strength reduction and limit equilibrium methods. Comput Geotech 37:602–618CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Turner JP, Jensen WG (2005) Landslide stabilization using soil nail and mechanically stabilized earth walls: case study. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 131:141–150CrossRef Turner JP, Jensen WG (2005) Landslide stabilization using soil nail and mechanically stabilized earth walls: case study. J Geotech Geoenviron Eng 131:141–150CrossRef
28.
go back to reference FHWA (2015) Geotechnical engineering circular no. 7, soil nail walls reference manual. Federal Highway Administration and National Highway Institute, Washington, DC FHWA (2015) Geotechnical engineering circular no. 7, soil nail walls reference manual. Federal Highway Administration and National Highway Institute, Washington, DC
29.
go back to reference Sahoo S, Manna B, Sharma KG (2021) Shaking table tests to evaluate the seismic performance of soil nailing stabilized embankments. Int J Geomech 21(4):04021036CrossRef Sahoo S, Manna B, Sharma KG (2021) Shaking table tests to evaluate the seismic performance of soil nailing stabilized embankments. Int J Geomech 21(4):04021036CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Strengthening of Slope by Soil Nailing Using Finite Difference and Limit Equilibrium Methods
Authors
Sanjay Kumar Singh
Madhu Sudan Negi
Janmeet Singh
Publication date
01-09-2021
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering / Issue 3/2021
Print ISSN: 2199-9260
Electronic ISSN: 2199-9279
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40891-021-00308-4

Other articles of this Issue 3/2021

International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering 3/2021 Go to the issue