Skip to main content
Top

2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Sub-Symbolic Artificial Chemistries

Authors : Penelope Faulkner, Mihail Krastev, Angelika Sebald, Susan Stepney

Published in: Inspired by Nature

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

We wish to use Artificial Chemistries to build and investigate open-ended systems. As such, we wish to minimise the number of explicit rules and properties needed. We describe here the concept of sub-symbolic Artificial Chemistries (ssAChems), where reaction properties are emergent properties of the internal structure and dynamics of the component particles. We define the components of a ssAChem, and illustrate it with two examples: RBN-world, where the particles are Random Boolean Networks, the emergent properties come from the dynamics on an attractor cycle, and composition is through rewiring the components to form a larger RBN; and SMAC, where the particles are Hermitian matrices, the emergent properties are eigenvalues and eigenvectors, and composition is through the non-associative Jordan product. We conclude with some ssAChem design guidelines.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
To follow our design criteria, we should choose a non-arbitrary element. Future work includes developing a choice criterion for this.
 
Literature
1.
2.
go back to reference Anet, F.A.L.: The place of metabolism in the origin of life. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 8(6), 654–659 (2004) Anet, F.A.L.: The place of metabolism in the origin of life. Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 8(6), 654–659 (2004)
3.
go back to reference Banzhaf, W.: Self-replicating sequences of binary numbers—Foundations I: General. Biol. Cybern. 69(4), 269–274 (1993) Banzhaf, W.: Self-replicating sequences of binary numbers—Foundations I: General. Biol. Cybern. 69(4), 269–274 (1993)
4.
go back to reference Banzhaf, W.: Self-replicating sequences of binary numbers—Foundations II: Strings of length \(N= 4\). Biol. Cybern. 69(4), 275–281 (1993)CrossRefMATH Banzhaf, W.: Self-replicating sequences of binary numbers—Foundations II: Strings of length \(N= 4\). Biol. Cybern. 69(4), 275–281 (1993)CrossRefMATH
5.
go back to reference Banzhaf, W.: Self-organization in a system of binary strings. In: Proceedings of Artificial Life IV, pp. 109–118 (1994) Banzhaf, W.: Self-organization in a system of binary strings. In: Proceedings of Artificial Life IV, pp. 109–118 (1994)
6.
go back to reference Banzhaf, W., Baumgaertner, B., Beslon, G., Doursat, R., Foster, J.A., McMullin, B., de Melo, V.V., Miconi, T., Spector, L., Stepney, S., White, R.: Requirements for evolvability in complex systems. Theory Biosci. 135(3), 131–161 (2016) Banzhaf, W., Baumgaertner, B., Beslon, G., Doursat, R., Foster, J.A., McMullin, B., de Melo, V.V., Miconi, T., Spector, L., Stepney, S., White, R.: Requirements for evolvability in complex systems. Theory Biosci. 135(3), 131–161 (2016)
7.
go back to reference Dittrich, P., Ziegler, J., Banzhaf, W.: Artificial chemistries–a review. Artif. Life 7(3), 225–275 (2001)CrossRef Dittrich, P., Ziegler, J., Banzhaf, W.: Artificial chemistries–a review. Artif. Life 7(3), 225–275 (2001)CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Eigen, M., Schuster, P.: A principle of natural self-organization. Naturwissenschaften 64(11), 541–565 (1977)CrossRef Eigen, M., Schuster, P.: A principle of natural self-organization. Naturwissenschaften 64(11), 541–565 (1977)CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Faulconbridge, A.: RBN-world: sub-symbolic artificial chemistry for artificial life. Ph.D. thesis, University of York, UK (2011) Faulconbridge, A.: RBN-world: sub-symbolic artificial chemistry for artificial life. Ph.D. thesis, University of York, UK (2011)
10.
go back to reference Faulconbridge, A., Stepney, S., Miller, J.F., Caves, L.: RBN-world: The hunt for a rich AChem. In: ALife XII, Odense, Denmark, pp. 261–268. MIT Press (2010) Faulconbridge, A., Stepney, S., Miller, J.F., Caves, L.: RBN-world: The hunt for a rich AChem. In: ALife XII, Odense, Denmark, pp. 261–268. MIT Press (2010)
11.
go back to reference Faulconbridge, A., Stepney, S., Miller, J.F., Caves, L.S.D.: RBN-World: a sub-symbolic artificial chemistry. In: ECAL 2009, Budapest, Hungary. LNCS, vol. 5777, pp. 377–384. Springer (2011) Faulconbridge, A., Stepney, S., Miller, J.F., Caves, L.S.D.: RBN-World: a sub-symbolic artificial chemistry. In: ECAL 2009, Budapest, Hungary. LNCS, vol. 5777, pp. 377–384. Springer (2011)
12.
go back to reference Faulkner, P., Sebald, A., Stepney, S.: Jordan algebra AChems: exploiting mathematical richness for open ended design. In: ALife XV, Cancun, Mexico [1], pp. 582–589 (2016) Faulkner, P., Sebald, A., Stepney, S.: Jordan algebra AChems: exploiting mathematical richness for open ended design. In: ALife XV, Cancun, Mexico [1], pp. 582–589 (2016)
13.
go back to reference Gillespie, D.T.: Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions. J. Phys. Chem. 81(25), 2340–2361 (1977)CrossRef Gillespie, D.T.: Exact stochastic simulation of coupled chemical reactions. J. Phys. Chem. 81(25), 2340–2361 (1977)CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Hutton, T.J.: Evolvable self-replicating molecules in an artificial chemistry. Artif. Life 8(4), 341–356 (2002)CrossRef Hutton, T.J.: Evolvable self-replicating molecules in an artificial chemistry. Artif. Life 8(4), 341–356 (2002)CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Hutton, T.J.: Evolvable self-reproducing cells in a two-dimensional artificial chemistry. Artif. Life 13(1), 11–30 (2007)CrossRefMathSciNet Hutton, T.J.: Evolvable self-reproducing cells in a two-dimensional artificial chemistry. Artif. Life 13(1), 11–30 (2007)CrossRefMathSciNet
16.
go back to reference Kauffman, S.A.: Metabolic stability and epigenesis in randomly constructed genetic nets. J. Theoret. Biol. 22(3), 437–467 (1969)CrossRefMathSciNet Kauffman, S.A.: Metabolic stability and epigenesis in randomly constructed genetic nets. J. Theoret. Biol. 22(3), 437–467 (1969)CrossRefMathSciNet
17.
go back to reference Kauffman, S.A.: Autocatalytic sets of proteins. J. Theoret. Biol. 119(1), 1–24 (1986)CrossRef Kauffman, S.A.: Autocatalytic sets of proteins. J. Theoret. Biol. 119(1), 1–24 (1986)CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Kauffman, S.A.: Requirements for evolvability in complex systems. Physica D 42, 135–152 (1990)CrossRef Kauffman, S.A.: Requirements for evolvability in complex systems. Physica D 42, 135–152 (1990)CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Kauffman, S.A.: The Origins of Order. Oxford University Press (1993) Kauffman, S.A.: The Origins of Order. Oxford University Press (1993)
20.
go back to reference Krastev, M., Sebald, A., Stepney, S.: Emergent bonding properties in the Spiky RBN AChem. In: ALife XV, Cancun, Mexico [1], pp. 600–607 (2016) Krastev, M., Sebald, A., Stepney, S.: Emergent bonding properties in the Spiky RBN AChem. In: ALife XV, Cancun, Mexico [1], pp. 600–607 (2016)
22.
go back to reference Ogawa, A.K., Yiqin, W., McMinn, D.L., Liu, J., Schultz, P.G., Romesberg, F.E.: Efforts toward the expansion of the genetic alphabet: information storage and replication with unnatural hydrophobic base pairs. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122(14), 3274–3287 (2000)CrossRef Ogawa, A.K., Yiqin, W., McMinn, D.L., Liu, J., Schultz, P.G., Romesberg, F.E.: Efforts toward the expansion of the genetic alphabet: information storage and replication with unnatural hydrophobic base pairs. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122(14), 3274–3287 (2000)CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Ono, N., Ikegami, T.: Model of self-replicating cell capable of self-maintenance. In: Advances in artificial life, pp. 399–406. Springer (1999) Ono, N., Ikegami, T.: Model of self-replicating cell capable of self-maintenance. In: Advances in artificial life, pp. 399–406. Springer (1999)
24.
go back to reference Pross, A.: Causation and the origin of life: metabolism or replication first? Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 34(3), 307–321 (2004)CrossRef Pross, A.: Causation and the origin of life: metabolism or replication first? Orig. Life Evol. Biosph. 34(3), 307–321 (2004)CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Suzuki, H., Ono, N., Yuta, K.: Several necessary conditions for the evolution of complex forms of life in an artificial environment. Artif. Life 9(2), 153–174 (2003)CrossRef Suzuki, H., Ono, N., Yuta, K.: Several necessary conditions for the evolution of complex forms of life in an artificial environment. Artif. Life 9(2), 153–174 (2003)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Sub-Symbolic Artificial Chemistries
Authors
Penelope Faulkner
Mihail Krastev
Angelika Sebald
Susan Stepney
Copyright Year
2018
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67997-6_14

Premium Partner