Sustainable Development in Economics, Technology and Environmental Engineering

Table of Contents

1. Current Challenges and Prospects for the Development of Science and Technology

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Technology of Diagnostics of Devices and Subsystems of Autonomous Power Systems

      Igor Maslov, Dmytro Kulagin

      Abstract

      The object of study is the problem of creating a relatively simple diagnostic model of a diesel engine for an autonomous power plant in terms of the number of required input parameters. The subject of the study is the relationship between the selected set of input parameters of the diagnostic model of a diesel engine and the adequacy of the response of the resulting model to real emergency situations. As a result of the study, a methodology for synthesising a diagnostic graph model of a diesel engine of an autonomous power plant has been developed. The resulting model allows to achieve control of diesel engine performance and adjustment of the relevant parameters to achieve the required operating condition or localisation of an emergency. To build a diagnostic system, a method of synthesising a model for diagnostics based on the use of directed graph theory approaches is proposed. This approach makes it possible, with relative technical simplicity of implementation, to obtain results that correspond to the real state of operation of the autonomous power supply system. A methodology for selecting the output parameters of the diagnostic model of a diesel engine is proposed, which determines the algorithm for forming the minimum required set of input parameters of the engine. As variants of this set of parameters, power, diesel engine crankshaft speed, fuel consumption, and a group of thermal engineering parameters of the power plant functioning are chosen. It is shown that such a set of parameters makes it possible to link the diesel diagnostic system with its performance indicators. The scope of application of the results of the study is the development of power engineering with diesel engines, where the proposed diagnostic approaches are expected to improve the quality and efficiency of ensuring uninterrupted operation.

   3. The Technology of Structural-Energy Adaptation as a Factor in Increasing Operational Characteristics

      Volodymyr Tsyganov, Mykhaylo Frolov

      Abstract

      The relationship between wear and tear resistance, microgeometry, surface reflectivity, and the uniformity of the facial layer has been studied. The results of assessing the facial layer condition of samples after friction using the continuous denting and scanning method are presented. The wear and tear of tribocoupling parts at negative temperatures (−50 °C) under conditions of one-component loading (slip), two-component (impact followed by slipping), and three-component (impact and slipping in two mutually perpendicular directions) on a special test unit is considered. A connection is noted between the tribological joints’ wear and tear resistance and the facial layer’s structural homogeneity. The principle of tribosystems wear and tear resistance is proposed using principles of structural and energy adjustment of material during friction under various loading types. The prospects for machining a polished surface with low roughness and high reflectivity by forming a certain structural condition of the facial layer are presented. The possibility of controlling parts’ operational characteristics by varying the manufacturing and operating conditions, considering the formation of the facial layer features, is shown.

   4. WebSecure: Enhancing User Data Security Against Phishing Using Form Swapping

      Likhita Jayakanth, D. M. Hemanth Kumar, B. M. Sujatha, K. Sandeep Kumar

      Abstract

      The widespread use of the Internet has not only transformed communications and businesses, but it has also created a serious issue: phishing violence, in which scammers trick people into revealing personal information. We suggest “WebSecure: Enhancing User Data Security Against Phishing Using Form Swapping.” We created a Chrome extension, to perform a variety of tests such as URL patterns and webpage behaviour analysis to identify potentially dangerous connections and redirect them to secure websites. To prevent further tricks from the same attacker, we have included a new approach that replaces the form details to fool phishers making use of a set of collected phishing links and real-time phishing links (add-ons in the dataset). We monitor phishing domains on a blacklist and look into future collaborations with cybersecurity experts. In comparison to existing algorithms, our proposed idea provides a new methodology for dealing with URL-type phishing.

   5. Role of MIMO Radar in 5G Green Communication for Efficient Detection of Target

      Atul Khuntia, D. Divya, R. Mythri, Kumar Aditya, Devasis Pradhan, Rachmad Andri Atmok

      Abstract

      MIMO, or Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, is a wireless technique developed to meet the growing demand for bandwidth in the wireless communication field. In recent years, MIMO radar has become popular in radar research for its ability to reduce target radar cross-section fading and enhance spatial diversity gain. By combining antennas at the transmitter and receiver, MIMO enables excellent spectral and energy efficiency with relatively simple processing, making it a key technology for the next generation of networks. A recent proposal introduced an optimal MIMO radar detector, which includes optimal transmit and receive weightage, for detecting stationary targets. This paper highlights the role of MIMO radar in promoting efficient target detection and its significance in 5G green communication. It also delves into the fundamental principles of MIMO radar technology. MIMO antennas are seen as promising elements for the development of 5G systems. To fully realize the potential of intelligent sensing systems, a deeper understanding of the MIMO system and its associated challenges is crucial for the successful deployment of 5G and future networks.

   6. Sensor Technology Integration in Indian Smart Cities: An Inclusive Review

      Muthukumar Chockalingam, Muthukumar Mariappan, G. Darshan Reddy

      Abstract

      This paper reviews the pivotal role of sensor technology in addressing the challenges of urbanization in Indian smart cities. The swift urbanization in India has given rise to various urban issues like traffic congestion, pollution, and insufficient infrastructure. Smart cities have emerged as a viable solution, leveraging technology and data-driven approaches to elevate quality of life, sustainability, and efficiency. Sensor technology plays a central role in this transformation, facilitating data collection, real-time decision-making, and efficient resource utilization. Indian smart cities deploy specialized sensors to address specific urban needs, ranging from monitoring air quality and traffic flow to optimizing waste collection and ensuring structural integrity. Initiatives such as the Smart Cities Mission, Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation, IoT-based projects, and public-private partnerships drive the integration of sensor technology, emphasizing citizen-centric strategies and innovative sensor applications. Case studies from cities like Chennai, Delhi, Bangalore, and Jaipur illustrate how sensor technology enhances urban services while preserving cultural heritage. The future of sensor technology in Indian smart cities holds potential through AI integration, edge computing, 5G connectivity, and alignment with Sustainable Development Goals, promising to address urban challenges and enhance residents’ quality of life.

   7. Removal of Heavy Metals from Industrial Effluents Using Fruit Peels and Saw Dust

      Kavya Gurumath, G. S. Brunda, Ambreshwar, Peddireddy Sreekanth Reddy, Bijayananda Mohanty

      Abstract

      Though industrialization contributes to the economic growth of any country, its negative impacts on the environment are the biggest concern to deal with. The effluents from these industries contaminate water bodies that can have serious effects on the health of living organisms as they are a primary source of survival. Wastewater from industries like paint, batteries, tannery, and dyeing industries possess high concentrations of heavy metals, which are released into the water bodies. In order to remove these contaminants, many researchers employed different techniques such as adsorption, ion exchange, and electrochemical methods, but confined to the laboratory scales due to their complexity and expensiveness. To address the same bioremediation is necessary, and is reported to be cost-effective and can attain better efficiency. In the current study, a blend of citrus fruit peels and banana peels along with a minor quantity of sawdust is used as a bio-material for removal of heavy metals from paint industry effluent. Further, the collected samples were subjected to different experimental investigations to decline the quantities of heavy metals by employing different proportions of bio-materials. From the test results, it was observed that the concentration of cadmium, chromium, copper, and lead is receded to 60–68% with an optimum contents of 50:50 (i.e. Banana peels: Orange peels) and 45:45:10 (Banana peels: Orange peels: Sawdust). The study demonstrates a sustainable and economical approach for reducing heavy metal contamination, with promising potential for extension to field-scale applications.

   8. Throughput Measurements for D2D Communication: Power Distribution and Path Loss

      C. Suma, Devasis Pradhan, Rajeswari, Ruan Carlos Mota Teixeira, Celso Barbosa Carvalho

      Abstract

      Device-to-Device (D2D) communication has emerged as a promising paradigm in wireless communication networks, enabling direct communication between proximate user devices. To optimize the performance of D2D communication systems, it is crucial to understand the impact of power distribution and path loss on throughput. This research focuses on comprehensive throughput measurements, taking into account power distribution characteristics and path loss effects in D2D communication scenarios. The power distribution analysis investigates the optimal power allocation strategies among D2D pairs, considering factors such as interference mitigation, energy efficiency, and signal quality. By employing advanced power control mechanisms, the research aims to enhance the overall network throughput while minimizing interference to neighboring communication links. Additionally, the study delves into the intricate dynamics of path loss in D2D communication environments. Through extensive empirical measurements and simulations, the research characterizes the path loss behavior in diverse scenarios, including urban, suburban, and rural settings. The findings provide valuable insights into the design and optimization of D2D communication systems, shedding light on the trade-offs between transmission range, signal strength, and overall network performance.

2. Educational Technologies in the Context of Sustainable Development

   1. Frontmatter

   2. Citizen Science in the Field of Health and Environmental Protection in Universities

      Olena Skuibida

      Abstract

      The article underscores the escalating significance of citizen science, particularly within the European context, and underscores the imperative for Ukrainian universities to harmonize their practices with European standards while actively participating in citizen science initiatives. Challenges, recommendations, and debates surrounding the role of citizen science are pivotal considerations for both academic and policy development in this field. This article delves into the central role of citizen science in the realm of open science, with a specific focus on the involvement of higher education institutions in Europe and the unique case of Ukraine. The primary objective is to evaluate the current state of citizen science awareness, implementation, and challenges in Ukrainian universities, drawing insights from European models. The research encompasses a comprehensive review of European recommendations, rankings, and initiatives, along with an analysis of the existing landscape in Ukrainian academic circles and the available platforms and projects for citizen science. Proposals for the further development of citizen science in Ukraine, such as the creation of a National Strategy for Citizen Science, the development of a roadmap for its implementation, the consideration of citizen science projects when evaluating the activity of universities, collaboration with citizens in scientific and pedagogical work, and the development of relevant academic disciplines, are presented.

   3. Case Method as an Interactive Technology for Forming Professional Competencies in Students

      Matukova Наnna, Bahashova Natalia, Matukova-Yaryha Daria, Maksimova Alla

      Abstract

      The article defines the results of training future university graduates, which must be clear, unambiguous, diagnosed, and measurable; a methodology and scale for measuring the achievement of results, including complex ones, by direct or indirect methods are required. Innovative training tools are proposed that contribute to the formation of basic competencies of future specialists. Social and psychological competence can be attributed to the competencies of future specialists, which are characterized by the following criteria: mastery of professional business communication techniques, readiness to disseminate the principles of a healthy lifestyle and work culture, the ability to enter into dialogue, and understand the emotions of other people and achieve mutual understanding. It has been determined that future managers must be able to analyze factors of both a medical and economic nature, identify their possible causes and relationships, and specify and justify the choice of a specific solution that is significant from a medical point of view, taking into account its impact on the economic aspect of the problem. The modern modernization of higher education is due to its reorientation to new standards that correspond to the reformatted sphere of medicine in Ukraine. In view of this, the issue of rapid mastering by students of the modern content of higher medical education, which should reflect the nature of the medical, economic, and social development of Ukraine, is becoming more and more urgent. The key in modern higher medical education is the formation of the personality of a specialist with a modern worldview and thinking, as well as the competencies acquired during the training process, which will allow him to quickly respond to the needs of society and successfully compete with other specialists in the labor market. In this regard, the problem associated with the process of introducing innovative methods, searching queries for students to master theoretical material, and conducting practical classes to acquire new ones in more professional activities is relevant.

   4. Electronic Survey of the Professional Burnout Syndrome Manifestation

      Vera Shmyrco, Alexander Korobko, Yurii Yakimtsov, Serhii Sylenko

      Abstract

      A survey was conducted on students of the National University «Zaporizhzhia Polytechnic» studying full-time and part-time in technical and humanitarian fields to analyse the potential tendency to professional burnout and its correlation with various factors such as gender, age, work experience, level of professional achievements, and individual personality traits. The research also focused on students who face double loads due to their professional activity and intensive higher education studies. The existing methods of professional burnout syndrome prevention were observed. It was determined which of them are the most acceptable for modern youth. Approaches to reduce stress and relieve internal discomfort, which can be manifested in students at different stages of the educational process, especially in those who combine the learning process with intensive professional activity, are defined. The study also considered the role of social support systems and coping strategies in mitigating the risk of burnout, emphasising the importance of balance between work, study, and personal life.

   5. Cluster Association of Enterprises, Educational Institutions, and Scientific Establishments for Sustainable Development

      Nadiia Shmygol, Tеtiana Pulina, Andrii Karpenko, Andrii Antoniuk, Yevgeniia Shmygol, Olha Bielan

      Abstract

      The conditions for creating and justifying the mechanism of interaction between participants of the cluster association of enterprises in the engineering, automation, and mechanical engineering sector (IAM) in the Zaporizhzhia region have been determined. An assessment of the cluster potential of the machinery industry in the Zaporizhzhia region has been conducted based on calculations of localization coefficients, production per capita, and specialization. A proposed organizational-economic mechanism of interaction between participants of the cluster association is suggested, which ensures the establishment and coordination of resource flows (material and financial), information, innovation, and other production factors among the main sectors of the cluster—the specialization sector (the subsystem of value creation), the finance and insurance sector, the science, research, and innovation sector, the supplier sector, and the specialized services sector, as well as the cluster coordinator. The proposed concept for the development of the regional machinery cluster in the Zaporizhzhia region will enable enterprises to effectively utilize their production and innovation potential, increase the share of innovative products, and significantly improve the socio-economic indicators of the development of the Zaporizhzhia region.

   6. Professional Competence Forecasting and Students’ Career Orientations Based on the Neural Network Model

      Andrii Karpenko, Viktor Kuzmin, Natalia Karpenko, Stepan Skrupsky, Yuriy Polyezhayev

      Abstract

      The paper is devoted to the description of the neural network model that is capable of forecasting professional competence development based on the career anchor approach as well as career orientation of students while obtaining a bachelor degree. The work specifies the term career and highlights its three main ways of understanding: firstly, as daily professional activities focused on professional development; secondly, as steps of personal advancements during career path climbing; thirdly, as movements in organizational hierarchy in order of obtaining certain professional and social status. The implementation of the neural network model based on the career anchors approach gives the possibility to forecast the influence of university subjects that students study on strengthening undergraduates’ self- and professional actualization. The research helps to shape the curriculum in accordance to the students’ personal characteristics and expectations taking into consideration the multi-paradigm approach where self-actualization is the key concept in the development of future professionals.