Sustainable Innovations in Textile Chemical Processes

The success of textile industry depends on the colour of the finished product which attracts humans. Textile industry often deals with design and conversion of yarn into fibre then into fabric finally dyed and fabricated into finished clothing. Dyeing is defined as the method of imparting colour to finished products mainly fabrics or during the initial stage to the yarn itself. Three main processes are involved in dyeing process namely preparation, dyeing and finishing. Dyeing process may be carried out in batch or in continuous mode. It consists of a special solution containing dye and chemical for binding. The two factors influencing dyeing process are temperature and time controlling. There are different methods applied by textile industries for adding colour to the products. Few dyeing techniques include exhaust, pad, pad-fixation, printing, bale, batik, beam, chain, cross, random, etc. Though dyes are attractive in nature, their impact on environment depends on the type of substance used and removal and degradation of dye substances. The contaminated wastewater discharged out after dyeing process contains huge amount of chemical substances which has negative impact on environment.

Sustainable’, ‘economical’, and ‘eco-friendly’ production has recently become important issues in textile manufacturing processes. In the world, textile conventional production industry is one of the major industries which cause environmental pollutions. During textile wet process, great deals of wastes are leaved in air, soil and, especially water. Due to these wastes, all species in the ecosystem are negatively affected. In order to manufacture a ton of textile, approximately 230–270 tons water is used. After the textile production, the water is undertaken with heavy chemicals and this waste water is leaved in environment. In textile production industry, there are two efficient methods to decrease the environmental pollution. Constructed of large and highly effective effluent treatment plants is a method to reduce the amount of wastes. The other method is the use of natural raw materials and ecological production methods. Recently, researchers have been seeking for ecological, sustainable, and biodegradable natural raw materials alternatively synthetic raw materials. Especially, natural textile raw materials have been begun to use acceleratingly in compration with synthetic raw materials in textile industry. Furthermore, new natural fibers have been obtained from different source and the use of these fibers has searched in textile industry. In textile wet process, especially, waste water with heavy chemicals load is a major problem. In order to eliminate the negative effect of waste water, researchers have been searching for solutions. In literature, coating, microencapsulation, plasma applications, using of ultrasonic and microwave energy, using of supercritical carbon dioxide and ozone treatment are described as some of the eco-friendly process in textile wet industry. In this study, some eco-friendly production methods in textile wet industry were investigated, separately. Furthermore, the advantages of new production methods were searched.

Wastewater is a noteworthy natural hindrance for the development of the textile industry other than the significant issues like ecological contamination. Wastewater treatment, recycle, and reuse have now turned out to be critical interchange wellsprings of water supply. Wastewater is utilized water from local, business, mechanical, and farming exercises. In this chapter, distinctive treatment techniques to treat the wastewater have been discussed. Treating wastewater requires a thorough arranging, plan, development, and administration of treatment offices to guarantee that the treated water is all right for human utilization and for release to the earth. The potential treatments incorporate primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment utilizing physical, chemical and biological processes. The economic pointers chose were assets, process and administration, and client expenditure since they decide the financial moderateness of a specific innovation to a group. Ecological markers incorporate vitality utilize, in light of the fact that it in a roundabout way measures asset usage and execution of the innovation in expelling traditional wastewater constituents. Low-cost by-products from agricultural, industrial and household parts has been perceived as a reasonable answer for wastewater treatment. They permit accomplishing the expulsion of poisons from wastewater and at same time to add to the waste minimization, recuperation and reuse.