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Global Narratives of Knowledge and Innovation-Based Development Read chapter Read first chapter

2023 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

6. Sustainable Urban Management of the Mainstream and the Margin: Reflecting on Delhi and Its Peri-Urban Transformation

Authors : Sanchari Mukhopadhyay, Sucharita Sen

Published in: Urban Commons, Future Smart Cities and Sustainability

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The city of Delhi and its peripheries have undergone profound changes in the last two centuries owing to both a rise in the population and an increase in economic growth, causing tremendous changes in the overall land use pattern. The recent trends in the urban development post-economic liberalisation indicate a sharp turn in transforming Delhi into a global city that highly serves the purpose of the ‘capital’ and therefore the very goal of neoliberalisation. The opening up of the Indian economy to the international markets has essentially changed the politico-administrative arrangements which are strongly getting reflected in the overall context of the development of the large cities. Examples can be drawn from the ambitions expressed by the government to make Delhi a ‘world-class city’ and the hosting of landmark events as prominent steps towards such transformation. This framework of development often counters the concerns of building an inclusive city and intensifies the polarisation process. The chapter reflects upon the transformation of the peri-urban space of NCR Delhi and the redefinition of the urban landscape following the ideology of world-class development. First, it presents a broader picture of the overall development of the peri-urban Delhi by discussing the pattern of change reflected in its physicality as well as the sociality, and second, it initiates a discussion to examine the role of media advertising, especially of the real-estate housing market in reinvigorating the meaning of the urban.

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previous chapter Urbanisation and Urban Villages: An Overview of Slum Communities in India
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Footnotes
1
For example, in Delhi, electricity distribution was privatised as well as the solid-waste management (Vinayak and Ghosh 2006; cited in Dupont 2011).
 
2
‘Politics of forgetting’ marks the ‘political-discursive process’ through which the marginalised are rendered invisible within the dominant political culture where a particular section of the population has been given the upper hand on monopolising the space.
 
3
National Capital Region—NCR.
 
4
Census of India, 2001, 2011.
 
5
Census of India, 2011.
 
6
With the first mall opened in 2001 in South Delhi and Gurgaon, there are nearly 100 shopping malls in Delhi metropolitan area today, making it the ‘default mall capital of India’ (The Economic Times, May 18, 2015).
 
7
Examples can be taken from massive slum clearance operations during the period of emergency (1975–1977) and demolitions marked by the beautification drive during the Asian games, 1982 (Dupont 2011).
 
8
Dupont (2011), Ghertner (2015a, b).
 
9
As pointed out by economic survey, a total 95.6% of housing shortage is within the economically weaker section. Source https://​www.​bbc.​com/​news/​world-asia-india-32644293.
 
10
Baviskar (2003, 2010).
 
11
The McKinsey report by the NCAER’s data, titled ‘Bird of Gold: The Rise of India’s Consumer Class’ predicted India’s class distribution by 2015 and claimed that over the next two decades, the middle class will grow to more than 40% of the population from the current 5%. In the report, McKinsey also prepared a chart called ‘escaping poverty’ showing people moving up the ‘imagine income ladder’ where the poor has been portrayed as the future rich people. India has thus been showcased as the epitome of future investment opportunity and one of the world’s largest consumer market (Information derived from Ghertner 2015a, b).
 
12
From 1990, since Delhi government adopted a new slum policy, until 2007, around 65,000 families had been relocated to the resettlement colonies located at the distant urban peripheries (Dupont 2011).
 
13
The formulation of the Bhagidari (meaning ‘collaborative partnership’) programme has been seen as an attempt to decentralise the system of urban governance in India. The aim of the scheme was to provide both the government and the citizen a common ground to solve problems and manage public assets; however, the changing role of the RWA drew criticism for not including a larger segment of population, i.e. the poor. Therefore, while the programme strengthened the role of the middle class in the city, their activities, having a strong class interest, in many ways have been directed against the urban poor. RWA’s protests against affirmative actions and Master Plans guidelines to regularise illegal commercial establishments operated by the low-income residents are some of the examples (Chakrabarti 2008).
 
14
Desai and Sanyal (2012) called this as a ‘promotional coupling of the city and region’ as Ahmedabad has been re-imagined towards the larger agenda of promoting Gujarat as a state.
 
15
In Desai and Sanyal (2012).
 
16
Chatterjee (2004), as cited in Ghertner (2015a, b), 23–24.
 
17
As cited in Dupont (2011). For detail, see King (2004) Spaces of global cultures: architecture, urbanism, identity. Routledge, London and New York.
 
18
Parkins et al. have argued the housing advertisements to have both physical and ideological properties, communicated and sustained through visual imagery as well as written text. Where in local scale these assert the contemporary aspects of culture and environment, they can also be positioned in the context of global discourses of construction of urban space (See Parkins et al. 2008).
 
19
On a similar account, while narrating the rapid growth of leisure and other service-related industries in the metropolitan city of Mumbai, Fernandes (2004) has referred such trend as ‘bar and restaurant culture’. The contemporary Mumbai therefore is said to be witnessing a proliferation of upmarket bars and restaurants instead of smaller restaurants and Irani shops, catering to the general masses. Fernandes attributed such shift with the rise of new middle class and their increasing concern related to status.
 
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Metadata
Title
Sustainable Urban Management of the Mainstream and the Margin: Reflecting on Delhi and Its Peri-Urban Transformation
Authors
Sanchari Mukhopadhyay
Sucharita Sen
Copyright Year
2023
Book
Urban Commons, Future Smart Cities and Sustainability

Print ISBN: 978-3-031-24766-8

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-24767-5

Copyright Year: 2023

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24767-5_6