Synergistic Zr/P Co-Doping in TiO₂for Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalysis

The Zr/P doped and undoped Titania of the generated nanoparticles are synthesized using a bottom-up approach. structural characterization using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The XRD data showed no shifts or extra peaks, suggesting that the undoped TiO₂ and Zr/P co-doped TiO₂ did not undergo any notable structural changes. It is evident from the FTIR spectra of undoped and doped Titania samples that no extra bands are produced. Using photocatalysts and bands that indicate Methyl Orange degradation over the shortest period of time visible in the UV–visible spectra of all the doped Titania samples, optical features like UV–visible spectroscopy for dye degradation have been analyzed. Rapid absorbance decreases indicate that ZTP6 degrades the fastest, demonstrating their superior photodegradation efficiency. ZTP6’s better photocatalytic performance can be explained by its most advantageous band gap for visible light photocatalysis. ZTP6 exhibits a substantially higher methyl orange photodegradation efficiency than undoped or singly doped systems. Of all the examined samples, ZTP6 has the greatest rate constant, suggesting that it is the most effective catalyst for the breakdown of methyl orange.