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Journal of Nanoparticle Research

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01-12-2021 | Research paper

Synthesis of Black-TiO₂ and manganese-doped TiO₂ nanoparticles and their comparative performance evaluation for photocatalytic removal of phenolic compounds from agro-industrial effluent

Authors: Rab Nawaz, Chong Fai Kait, Ho Yeek Chia, Mohamed Hasnain Isa, Lim Wen Huei, Nurul Tasnim Sahrin

Published in: Journal of Nanoparticle Research | Issue 12/2021

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Abstract

In this paper, the synthesis, characterization, and comparative performance of Black-TiO₂ and manganese-doped TiO₂ (Mn-TiO₂) nanoparticles for photocatalytic removal of phenolic compounds from agro-industrial effluent known as treated palm oil mill effluent (TPOME) are reported. The Black-TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized via a green synthesis approach using a renewable chemical, glycerol as a reducing agent. The Mn-TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized via the wet impregnation method using potassium permanganate (KMnO₄) as a precursor. Experimental results revealed that both types of TiO₂ nanoparticles, Black-TiO₂ and Mn-TiO₂ nanoparticles were anatase phase with a particle size range from 30–80 nm, improved visible light absorption and narrow bandgap of 2.96 and 2.12 eV, respectively. The improved visible light absorption was ascribed to the presence of Ti³⁺ defect states in Black-TiO₂ nanoparticles and the substation of Mn into TiO₂ matrix in Mn-TiO₂ nanoparticles. The improved visible light absorption led to the enhanced photocatalytic performance of Black-TiO₂ and Mn-TiO₂ nanoparticles. The former was able to remove 48.17% whereas the latter removed 39.11% of 224.85 mg/L of phenolic compounds from TPOME under 180 min of visible light irradiation. The Black-TiO₂ and Mn-TiO₂ nanoparticles showed 2.2-fold and 1.7-fold higher performance, respectively, than the Pure-TiO₂ nanoparticles. The Black-TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited superior photocatalytic performance, and the highest reaction rate constant (K_app = 0.31127) was achieved which is two-fold higher than the one obtained by Pure-TiO₂ nanoparticles (K_app = 0.14733). The recyclability test showed that Mn-TiO₂ nanoparticles were more stable indicated by their negligible loss (1.55%) of photoactivity after five repeated cycles.

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Title: Synthesis of Black-TiO2 and manganese-doped TiO2 nanoparticles and their comparative performance evaluation for photocatalytic removal of phenolic compounds from agro-industrial effluent
Authors: Rab Nawaz
Chong Fai Kait
Ho Yeek Chia
Mohamed Hasnain Isa
Lim Wen Huei
Nurul Tasnim Sahrin
Publication date: 01-12-2021
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: Journal of Nanoparticle Research / Issue 12/2021
Print ISSN: 1388-0764
Electronic ISSN: 1572-896X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-021-05373-4

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