Top

Journal of Coatings Technology and Research

Hint

Swipe to navigate through the articles of this issue

Published in:

10-09-2021

Synthesis of silicone-acrylic-modified high-ortho novolac resin with enhanced thermal resistance and surface coating properties

Authors: Serkan Emik, Tülin Banu İyim, Saadet Özgümüş

Published in: Journal of Coatings Technology and Research | Issue 6/2021

Abstract

In the present study, vinyltrimethoxysilane was used to modify high-ortho novolac resin (NR) to obtain a vinyl silicone-modified phenolic oligomer (Si-mod NR). Subsequently, this oligomer is polymerized with methyl methacrylate. The mid-products (NR and Si-mod NR) and synthesized silicone-modified phenolic/acrylic resin (Ac/Si-mod NR) were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal properties were investigated by using thermal gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. In addition, the surface coating properties, including drying, hardness, adhesion, impact resistance, gloss, acid, alkaline, water, and solvent resistance of the films prepared from these products, were comparatively investigated. The results showed that the modification reactions yield a novel resin (Ac/Si-mod NR), which can be easily used as a surface coating material with high thermal resistance, flexibility, and excellent film properties.

previous article Integration of antifouling and foul-release moieties for optimizing the performance of PEG-silicone coatings

next article Influence of iron and nickel on the microwave absorption and other functional properties of nanographite-based nanocomposite paints

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Platzer, N, “Phenolic Resins, Chemistry, Applications and Performance—Future Directions, by Andre Knop and Louis A. Pilato, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1985.” J. Polym. Sci. Part C Polym. Lett., 24 659–660 (1986)

Gardziella, A, Pilato, LA, Knop, A, Phenolic Resins: Chemistry, Applications, Standardization, Safety and Ecology, 1st edn. Springer, Berlin. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04101-7 (2000) CrossRef

Zhang, Y, Shen, S, Liu, Y, “The Effect of Titanium Incorporation on the Thermal Stability of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin and Its Carbonization Microstructure.” Polym. Degrad. Stab., 98 514–518 (2013)

Martín, C, Ronda, JC, Cádiz, V, “Boron-Containing Novolac Resins as Flame Retardant Materials.” Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91 747–754 (2006)

Wang, S, Jing, X, Wang, Y, et al. “High Char Yield of Aryl Boron-Containing Phenolic Resins: The Effect of Phenylboronic Acid on the Thermal Stability and Carbonization of Phenolic Resins.” Polym. Degrad. Stab., 99 1–11 (2014)

Yun, J, Chen, L, Zhang, X, et al. “Synthesis and Structure Evolution of Phenolic Resin/Silicone Hybrid Composites with Improved Thermal Stability.” J. Mater. Sci., 53 14185–14203 (2018)

Xu, P, Jing, X, “Pyrolysis of Hyperbranched Polyborate Modified Phenolic Resin.” Polym. Eng. Sci., 50 1382–1388 (2010)

Guo, Z, Li, H, Liu, Z, et al. “Preparation, Characterization and Thermal Properties of Titanium- and Silicon-Modified Novolac Resins.” High Perform. Polym., 25 42–50 (2013)

Wang, J, Jiang, N, Jiang, H, “Micro-Structural Evolution of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Modified by Boron Carbide at Elevated Temperatures.” Mater. Chem. Phys., 120 187–192 (2010)

10.

Zhang, L, Zhang, Y, Wang, L, et al. “Phenolic Resin Modified by Boron-Silicon with High Char Yield.” Polym. Test., 73 208–213 (2019)

11.

Schütz, MR, Sattler, K, Deeken, S, et al. “Improvement of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of a Phenolic Resin Nanocomposite by In Situ Formation of Silsesquioxanes from a Molecular Precursor.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 117 2272–2277 (2010)

12.

Liu, Y, Zheng, S, “Inorganic-Organic Nanocomposites of Polybenzoxazine with Octa(Propylglycidyl ether) Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane.” J. Polym. Sci. Part A Polym. Chem., 44 1168–1181 (2006)

13.

Si, J, Li, J, Wang, S, et al. “Enhanced Thermal Resistance of Phenolic Resin Composites at Low Loading of Graphene Oxide.” Compos. Part A Appl. Sci. Manuf., 54 166–172 (2013)

14.

Nabil, FL, Zaidon, A, Jawaid, M, et al. “Physical and Morphological Properties of Nanoclay in Low Molecular Weight Phenol Formaldehyde Resin by Ultrasonication.” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 62 124–129 (2015)

15.

Park, JM, Kwon, DJ, Wang, ZJ, et al. “Effects of Carbon Nanotubes and Carbon Fiber Reinforcements on Thermal Conductivity and Ablation Properties of Carbon/Phenolic Composites.” Compos. Part B Eng., 67 22–29 (2014)

16.

Noparvar-Qarebagh, A, Roghani-Mamaqani, H, Salami-Kalajahi, M, “Novolac Phenolic Resin and Graphene Aerogel Organic–Inorganic Nanohybrids: High Carbon Yields by Resin Modification and Its Incorporation into Aerogel Network.” Polym. Degrad. Stab., 124 1–14 (2016)

17.

Emik, S, Yılmaz, BY, İyim, TB, “Investigation of the Usage of Depolymerized Nylon 66 Intermediate in Phenolic Resin Modification.” Polym. Technol. Mater., 58 454–463 (2019)

18.

İyim, TB, Özgümüş, S, Orbay, M, “Blends and Reaction Products Prepared from Phenolic Resins and Waste PET. I. Mechanical Properties.” Polym. Plast. Technol. Eng., 41 917–931 (2002)

19.

Takeichi, T, Guo, Y, Rimdusit, S, “Performance Improvement of Polybenzoxazine by Alloying with Polyimide: Effect of Preparation Method on the Properties.” Polymer (Guildf), 46 4909–4916 (2005)

20.

Bian, C, Wang, S, Liu, Y, et al. “Thermal Stability of Phenolic Resin: New Insights Based on Bond Dissociation Energy and Reactivity of Functional Groups.” RSC Adv., 6 55007–55016 (2016)

21.

Nair, CPR, “Advances in Addition-Cure Phenolic Resins.” Progr. Polym. Sci. (Oxford), 29 401–498 (2004)

22.

Takeichi, T, Saito, Y, Agag, T, et al. “High-Performance Polymer Alloys of Polybenzoxazine and Bismaleimide.” Polymer (Guildf), 49 1173–1179 (2008)

23.

Tyberg, CS, Bergeron, K, Sankarapandian, M, et al. “Structure—Property Relationships of Void-Free Phenolic—Epoxy Matrix Materials.” Polymer, 41 5053–5062 (2000)

24.

Asim, M, Saba, N, Jawaid, M, et al. “A Review on Phenolic Resin and Its Composites.” Curr. Anal. Chem., 14 (3). https://doi.org/10.2174/1573411013666171003154410 (2018) CrossRef

25.

Alonso, MV, Oliet, M, Rodríguez, F, et al. “Use of a Methylolated Softwood Ammonium Lignosulfonate as Partial Substitute of Phenol in Resol Resins Manufacture.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 94 643–650 (2004)

26.

Khan, MA, Ashraf, SM, “Studies On Thermal Characterization of Lignin: Substituted Phenol Formaldehyde Resin as Wood Adhesives.” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 89 993–1000 (2007)

27.

Turunen, M, Alvila, L, Pakkanen, TT, et al. “Modification of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resol Resins by Lignin, Starch, and Urea.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 88 582–588 (2003)

28.

Situ, Y, Hu, J, Huang, H, et al. “Synthesis, Properties and Application of a Novel Epoxidized Soybean Oil-toughened Phenolic Resin.” Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 15 418–423 (2007)

29.

Wei, Q, Wang, WH, “Properties of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Modified with Silane Coupling Agent (KH550).” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 84 166–172 (2018)

30.

Choi, MH, Byun, HY, Chung, IJ, “The Effect of Chain Length of Flexible Diacid on Morphology and Mechanical Property of Modified Phenolic Resin.” Polymer (Guildf), 43 4437–4444 (2002)

31.

İyim, TB, “Modification of High Ortho Novolac Resin with Diacids to Improve Its Mechanical Properties.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 106 46–52 (2007)

32.

Zhou, J, Fang, L, Wang, J, et al. “Post-Functionalization of Novolac Resins by Introducing Thermo-Crosslinkable-OCF=CF ₂ Groups as the Side Chains: A New Strategy for Production of Thermosetting Polymers Without Releasing Volatiles.” Polym. Chem., 7 4313–4316 (2016)

33.

Sandhya, PK, Sreekala, MS, Padmanabhan, M, et al. “Effect of Starch Reduced Graphene Oxide on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Phenol Formaldehyde Resin Nanocomposites.” Compos. Part B Eng., 167 83–92 (2019)

34.

Taheri-Behrooz, F, Memar Maher, B, Shokrieh, MM, “Mechanical Properties Modification of a Thin Film Phenolic Resin Filled with Nano Silica Particles.” Comput. Mater. Sci., 96 411–415 (2015)

35.

Huskić, M, Anžlovar, A, Žigon, M, “Montmorillonite-Phenolic Resin Nanocomposites Prepared by One-Step In-Situ Intercalative Polymerisation.” Appl. Clay Sci., 101 484–489 (2014)

36.

Barzoki, PK, Rezadoust, AM, Latifi, M, “Tunable Effect of Polyvinyl Butyral Nanofiber Veil on Fracture Toughness of Glass Reinforced Phenolic Composites Manufactured with Out of Autoclave Method.” Polym. Test., 71 255–261 (2018)

37.

Hartikainen, J, Lehtonen, O, Harmia, T, et al. “Structure and Morphology of Polyamide 66 and Oligomeric Phenolic Resin Blends: Molecular Modeling and Experimental Investigations.” Chem. Mater., 16 3032–3039 (2004)

38.

Wang, FY, Ma, CCM, Wu, WJ, “Thermal Degradation of Polyethylene Oxide Blended with Novolac Type Phenolic Resin.” J. Mater. Sci., 36 943–947 (2001)

39.

Adachi, T, Kataoka, T, Higuchi, M, “Predicting Impact Shear Strength of Phenolic Resin Adhesive Blended with Nitrile Rubber.” Int. J. Adhes. Adhes., 56 53–60 (2015)

40.

Sunil Jose, T, AnoopAnand, K, Joseph, R, “On the Mechanical Properties of EPDM/CIIR Blends Cured with Reactive Phenolic Resin.” Int. J. Polym. Mater. Polym. Biomater., 59 488–497 (2010)

41.

Miao, W, Cheng, W, Wang, Z, et al. “Influence of n-Butyl Acrylate and Maleic Anhydride Copolymer on the Structure and Properties of Phenolic Resin.” Mater. Today Commun., 23 100879 (2020)

42.

Goswami, S, Bandyopadhyay, D, Mandal, PK, et al. “Novolac Resin-Poly(ethyl methacrylate) Interpenetrating Polymer Networks: Morphology and Mechanical and Thermal Properties.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 90 412–420 (2003)

43.

Goswami, S, Chakrabarty, D, “Engineering Properties of Novolac Resin-PMMA{poly(methyl methacrylate)} IPN System.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 93 2764–2774 (2004)

44.

Goswami, S, Chakrabarty, D, “Sequential Interpenetrating Polymer Networks of Novolac Resin and Poly(n-butyl methacrylate).” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 102 4030–4039 (2006)

45.

Sunitha, K, Soumyamol, PB, Mathew, D, et al. “Novolac-Polydimethyl Siloxane Networks Through Click Chemistry: Thermal and Thermophysical Characterization.” Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 17 1264–1275 (2020)

46.

Li, W, Liu, F, Wei, L, et al. “Synthesis, Morphology and Properties of Polydimethylsiloxane-Modified Allylated Novolac/4,4′-Bismaleimidodiphenylmethane.” Eur. Polym. J., 42 580–592 (2006)

47.

Li, S, Chen, F, Han, Y, et al. “Enhanced Compatibility and Morphology Evolution of the Hybrids Involving Phenolic Resin and Silicone Intermediate.” Mater. Chem. Phys., 165 25–33 (2015)

48.

Li, C, Fan, H, Wang, DY, et al. “Novel Silicon-Modified Phenolic Novolacs and their Biofiber-Reinforced Composites: Preparation, Characterization and Performance.” Compos.. Sci. Technol., 87 189–195 (2013)

49.

Tao, Z, Yang, S, Chen, J, et al. “Synthesis and Characterization of Imide Ring and Siloxane-Containing Cycloaliphatic Epoxy Resins.” Eur. Polym. J., 43 1470–1479 (2007)

50.

Park, SJ, Jin, FL, Park, JH, et al. “Synthesis of a Novel Siloxane-Containing Diamine for Increasing Flexibility of Epoxy Resins.” Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 399 377–381 (2005)

51.

Tuǧtepe, M, Özgümüş, S, “Modified Phenol–Formaldehyde Novolac Resins: Synthesis and Thermal Oxidative Degradation.” J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 39 83–101 (1990)

52.

Bulak, E, Acar, I, “The Use of Aminolysis, Aminoglycolysis, and Simultaneous Aminolysis–Hydrolysis Products of Waste PET for Production of Paint Binder.” Polym. Eng. Sci., 54 2272–2281 (2014)

53.

Mizutani, T, Arai, K, Miyamoto, M, et al. “Application of Silica-Containing Nano-Composite Emulsion to Wall Paint: A New Environmentally Safe Paint of High Performance.” Prog. Org. Coat., 55 276–283 (2006)

54.

Bellamy, L, The Infra-red Spectra of Complex Molecules, 1st edn. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6017-9 (1975) CrossRef

55.

Socrates, G. Infrared and Raman Characteristic Group Frequencies. Tables and Charts (2001)

56.

Brostow, W, Chiu, R, Kalogeras, IM, et al. “Prediction of Glass Transition Temperatures: Binary Blends and Copolymers.” Mater. Lett., 62 3152–3155 (2008)

57.

Li, C, Ma, Z, Zhang, X, et al., Silicone-Modified Phenolic Resin: Relationships Between Molecular Structure and Curing Behavior. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2016.07.011 (2016) CrossRef

58.

Vengadaesvaran, B, Rau, SR, Ramesh, K, et al. “Preparation and Characterisation of Phenyl Silicone-Acrylic Polyol Coatings.” Pigment Resin Technol., 39 283–287 (2010)

59.

Youssef, EAM, “Heat-resistant Anticorrosive Paints Based on Egyptian Manganese Ore.” Anti-Corros. Methods Mater., 43 17–21 (1996)

60.

Selvaraj, M, “Stainless Steel Powder as a Protective and Decorative Pigment for Steel Structures in Organic Coating Industries.” Anti-Corros. Methods Mater., 44 13–19 (1997)

61.

Yasuda, H, Yu, QS, Chen, M, “Interfacial Factors in Corrosion Protection: An EIS Study of Model Systems.” Prog. Org. Coat., 41 273–279 (2001)

62.

Ramamurthy, AC, Lorenzen, WI, Bless, SJ, “Stone Impact Damage to Automotive Paint Finishes: An Introduction to Impact Physics and Impact Induced Corrosion.” Prog. Org. Coat., 25 43–71 (1994)

63.

Ohama, Y, Kobayashi, T, Takeuchi, K, et al. “Chemical Resistance of Polymethyl Methacrylate Concrete.” Int. J. Cem. Compos. Light Concr., 8 87–91 (1986)

64.

Fahrenholtz, SR, Kwei, TK, “Compatibility of polymer Mixtures Containing Novolac Resins.” Macromolecules, 14 1076–1079 (1981)

Title: Synthesis of silicone-acrylic-modified high-ortho novolac resin with enhanced thermal resistance and surface coating properties
Authors: Serkan Emik
Tülin Banu İyim
Saadet Özgümüş
Publication date: 10-09-2021
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Coatings Technology and Research / Issue 6/2021
Print ISSN: 1547-0091
Electronic ISSN: 1935-3804
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11998-021-00527-4

Springer Professional

Hint

Swipe to navigate through the articles of this issue

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 6/2021

Synthesis of UV-curable polyesters with lateral double bonds by ring-opening polymerization and their properties

Consistent determination of the contrast ratio of white inks

Halloysite nanotubes-based nanocomposites for the hydrophobization of hydraulic mortar

New biodegradable film produced from cocoa shell nanofibrils containing bioactive compounds

Integration of antifouling and foul-release moieties for optimizing the performance of PEG-silicone coatings

Assessment of sparkle and graininess in effect coatings using a high-resolution gonioreflectometer and psychophysical studies

Premium Partners