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Systems, Decision and Control in Energy VII

Volume I: Energy Informatics and Transport

Editors: Vitalii Babak, Artur Zaporozhets

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

Book Series : Studies in Systems, Decision and Control

Part of: Springer Professional "Business + Economics & Engineering + Technology" , Springer Professional "Engineering + Technology"

Table of Contents

About this book

This book presents a curated selection of contemporary research, capturing the progress of Ukrainian and international scientists in addressing the complex issues surrounding energy systems, sustainable fuels, and efficient transport solutions. The world’s growing energy demands, coupled with pressing environmental concerns, present significant challenges and opportunities in the energy sector. The advancements within this sector are increasingly driven by innovations in technology, information systems, and cross-disciplinary research efforts. Through this collaborative scientific endeavor, the authors aim to offer a holistic view of current advancements and innovative solutions in three core areas: energy informatics, fuels, and transport. Energy informatics integrates data analytics, digital infrastructure, and real-time monitoring to improve energy efficiency and support sustainable energy transitions. The works presented in this section illustrate how the integration of cutting-edge computational models, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics is enabling smarter, more adaptive energy systems. Topics covered include optimization of energy consumption, predictive modeling for energy needs, and the development of robust frameworks to manage and process vast amounts of energy-related data. This section highlights how energy informatics serves as a foundational tool in meeting the evolving demands for efficient and sustainable energy.

In the fuels section, the book addresses the urgent need for alternative and cleaner energy sources. The global push toward reducing greenhouse gas emissions and mitigating climate change impacts has accelerated research into innovative fuel sources. This section underscores the critical role of novel fuel technologies in ensuring energy security and reducing environmental impact.

Transport, the third section, encompasses research on the transformation of the transport sector toward sustainability and efficiency. Transportation is a major consumer of energy and a significant source of emissions, making it a focal area in the transition to cleaner energy systems. This section presents a variety of studies on electric mobility and the development of low-emission technologies.

Frontmatter

Energy Informatics

Frontmatter

Digitization as a Modern Challenge for the Energy Systems’ Transformation in the World

Abstract

At the current stage of development of the energy sector, digitalization plays a decisive role in the transformation of energy systems in the countries of the world. Digital transformation of the energy sector means that the development strategy of enterprises will be built around innovative technologies and systems of decentralized energy generation. The main task of digital transformation is to change approaches and transition energy enterprises to management through the introduction of digital technologies and the analysis of a large array of data. In the future, the digital transformation of the energy industry will allow companies to increase their profits by 3–4% per year due to the analysis of available data, the automation of business processes and the local implementation of digital solutions at critical energy infrastructure facilities. Therefore, this study is devoted to the analysis of the relationship between the development of energy systems and the processes of digital transformation using bibliometric and trend approaches. The purpose of the work is to determine the main directions of scientific research, to evaluate the dynamics of publishing activity, to determine the main trends and gaps in this area. The research includes bibliometric analysis of the base of scientific publications to identify the most cited works and authors, as well as trend analysis to identify changes in research topics. The article provides a rating assessment of the development of energy systems in the era of digitalization on the example of some countries of the world. The strategic directions of the digital transformation of energy systems in the countries of the world have been determined. The results of the study will allow obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the current state and prospects for the development of research in the field of development of energy systems in the era of digitalization, which can contribute to the formation of more effective energy policies and the development of strategies for digital energy ecosystems in different countries of the world.

Artur Zaporozhets, Viktoriia Khaustova, Iryna Hubarieva, Nataliia Trushkina

Information Provision as a Factor in the Formation of Enterprises’ Receptivity to Energy-Saving Technologies

Abstract

Reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources requires increasing the level of receptivity of enterprises to energy-saving technologies (EST). At the same time, it is important to establish the most important factors that influence this receptivity. One of these factors can be information provision of the processes of development, implementation and use of energy-saving technologies at enterprises. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to establish the role played by information provision in the formation of enterprises’ receptivity to energy-saving technologies. The theoretical foundations of the formation of the enterprise’s receptivity to advanced technological processes (ATP) were developed. The main factors that determine this receptivity are identified, namely: the level of quality of information support for the processes of development, implementation and use of ATP; the level of provision of the processes of development, implementation and use of ATP with other types of resources, except for information; the level of competence of the company’s management; economic efficiency of ATP implementation at enterprises. A method of evaluating the impact of information support on the level of receptivity of enterprises to EST has been developed. Approbation of the developed method was carried out on the example of industrial enterprises of Ukraine. It was established that information provision has a significant impact on the receptivity of the studied enterprises to EST. In particular, with an increase of 0.01 in the general level of information provision, the level of receptivity of the studied companies to EST increases on average by the following values: for enterprises engaged in the production of construction materials—by 0.0032, for enterprises of the food industry—by 0.0035, for enterprises of the chemical industry—by 0.0029. At the same time, many of the studied enterprises have significant reserves for increasing their level of receptivity to advanced EST thanks to the improvement of information support for the processes of development, implementation and use of these technologies.

Oksana Musiiovska, Orest Koleshchuk, Kateryna Petrushka, Olexandr Yemelyanov, Anna Breno

Overcoming Obstacles Towards Technological Renewal for Providing Energy-Saving Economic Growth: The Case of Natural Gas Consumption by Ukrainian Enterprises

Abstract

Currently, many countries are faced with the task of reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy resources, while at the same time ensuring the appropriate rates of economic growth. The main goal of this study is to assess the role played by overcoming obstacles on the way to technological upgrading to ensure the energy-saving economic growth of enterprises. The grouping of types of obstacles that stand in the way of energy-saving technological renewal of enterprises was performed, and indicators were constructed to determine the level of these obstacles. Tools and organizational mechanisms for overcoming obstacles on the way to energy-saving technological changes have been established. The methodological principles were tested using industrial enterprises in Ukraine. Among other things, it was found that with the increase in the overall level of obstacles that stand in the way of implementing projects of energy-saving (for natural gas) technological renewal, the share of those enterprises that during 2019–2021 had energy-saving economic growth decreases. At the same time, after the implementation of tools for overcoming obstacles that arise during the implementation of natural gas-saving technological changes, the share of companies that are characterized by energy-saving economic growth will increase: for enterprises that produce metal products—from 17 to 48%; for enterprises producing glass and glass products—from 19 to 52%; for enterprises that produce bricks and other construction materials from clay—from 20 to 47%. Therefore, reducing the level of obstacles during the implementation of gas-saving technological changes is an important factor in ensuring energy-saving economic growth of the studied enterprises.

Olexandr Yemelyanov, Tetyana Petrushka, Yuliya Voytsekhovska, Oksana Musiiovska, Dmytro Havras

Energy Consumption in Key Sectors of the Processing Industry: Current State and Prospects for the Post-war Future

Abstract

The purpose of the work is to study the current problems of the development of key branches of the processing industry, which are related to energy consumption, in particular, the consumption of electricity, and to search for opportunities to reduce the energy intensity of production at enterprises of the processing industry in the war and post-war period. In the process of working on the research, the methods of analysis and synthesis, dynamic series, theoretical generalization, comparison, and abstract-logical methods were used. Important macroeconomic indicators of dynamic changes used in forecasting levels of consumption of electricity and other energy resources to analyze the economic situation and trends in the development of key branches of the processing industry are the gross added value and indices of industrial production. Modern trends in the development of such significant branches of the processing industry as the chemical, light, and construction materials industry are identified, the key role of these branches for the post-war recovery of the processing industry, taking into account the requirements for strengthening the country's defense capability and ensuring the stable functioning of enterprises of industries important for its support, is indicated. It is noted that their low energy intensity opens up the possibility of priority reconstruction in conditions of energy shortage, provided that military risks are minimized. The specifics of resource and energy saving measures are revealed and the priority directions for reducing energy consumption in the processing industries are highlighted.

Natalia Maistrenko, Mariia Zavgorodnia, Ella Sheludko, Liudmyla Galaieva

Taking into Account Environmental Constraints in Mathematical Models for Long-Term Energy Consumption Forecasting: Global Review of Recent Advances

Abstract

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of recent advances in methodologies for long-term energy consumption forecasting, with a particular emphasis on integrating environmental constraints such as greenhouse gas and air pollutant emission restrictions. The review covers a range of methodological approaches used for forecasting energy consumption at various hierarchical levels, including individual sections, subsections, groups, classes, and industries or services. The paper proposes the integration of three types of mutually agreed mathematical models to enhance the forecasting process. These include: (1) lifecycle models that analyze the development and operation of major technological facilities at the enterprise level, (2) simulation models that track the transit flows of energy resources across Ukraine, and (3) forecasting models focused on specific economic sectors. The integration of these models aims to provide a more accurate and comprehensive understanding of long-term energy consumption patterns and their implications for emissions and environmental constraints. In addition, the paper highlights the importance of considering emissions from energy-intensive sectors, particularly electricity consumers. It discusses methods for calculating emissions based on reference indicators, including both direct emissions from production and indirect emissions resulting from electricity consumption. The paper also addresses the interchangeability of electricity and fuel in the emissions calculation process and provides recommendations for adjusting reference indicators to reflect the ratio of direct to indirect emissions. The review draws on methodologies previously employed by the Institute of General Energy of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and prominent researchers.

Olena Maliarenko, Natalia Maistrenko, Dmytro Matushkin, Valentina Kobernik

Modeling of Energy Supply Systems Based on the Concept of Self-Sufficiency of Local Energy System

Abstract

The global trend of gradual decentralization of energy supply and rapid development of distributed generation is becoming particular relevant for the energy system of Ukraine, which is in a critical state due to the deliberate destruction of energy facilities as a result of military operations. Stable and reliable energy supply at the regional level in order to increase the energy resilience of territorial communities in the face of military threats requires the integration of all available energy sources, renewable and traditional, energy production, storage and supply facilities into the local energy system to provide electricity and heat to a particular region, city or village. The article reviews the recent research on local hybrid systems based on renewable energy sources, including battery energy storage systems. An overview of modern models of energy systems is given, taking into account the rapid development of the concept of distributed multi-generation. To solve the problem of energy supply at the regional level, an approach to modeling energy provisioning based on self-sufficient local energy systems is proposed, an economic-mathematical model of production type is developed to predict the structure and volumes of energy supply, taking into account alternative ways of using renewable energy sources. The model uses the specific structure of technological methods of L.V. Kantorovich and the list of indicators of the product energy balance of the International Energy Agency. A representation of the structure of product and technological links of the energy supply system in the form of a network model has been developed, which allowed to create a single representation of electricity and heat production facilities, mining and enrichment enterprises, and energy consumers. The proposed modeling approach based on the concept of self-sufficiency of local energy systems can be used to determine the most sustainable structure and optimal topology of subsystems based on the predominant use of local energy resources and distributed low-capacity generation to improve the reliability of energy supply in the country as a whole.

Mykola Kaplin, Vitaliy Makarov, Yevhen Shcherbyna, Tetiana Bilan, Mykola Perov, Artur Zaporozhets

Image Segmentation Methods for Kamikaze FPV Drones Targeting to Aid Critical Energy National Infrastructure Assets Protection

Abstract

The real state of affairs regarding risks has been considered damage to assets of the national energy infrastructure and options for their protection. Methods of segmentation of images obtained from kamikaze FPV drone were considered. Their advantages and disadvantages are listed. The paper proposes the development of an improved image segmentation method for kamikaze FPV drones targeting to aid critical energy national infrastructure assets protection. Experimental studies were conducted on the segmentation of a real image from kamikaze FPV drone by the Canny edge detector and Sobel operator. The characteristics of images obtained from the drone and the main disadvantages of the considered segmentation methods were determined. Such data were taken into account when developing the improved image segmentation method for kamikaze FPV drones. Visual analysis result of work of the proposed method showed that it allows to detect an aerial object on a segmented image.

Hennadii Khudov, Rostyslav Khudov, Irina Khizhnyak, Oleksandr Makoveichuk, Vladyslav Khudov

Energy Potential Components of Radar Station that Ensure Security of Protected Objects of Critical Infrastructure of Ukraine

Abstract

Energy potential components of radar stations that ensure security of critical infrastructure objects are analyzed. Typical structure of a pulse radar station, its operation principle of and main technical characteristics are considered. Energy components potential of the radar station is analyzed. Practical application of the energy potential of a radar station to determine its range is described.

Mykhailo Diviziniuk, Hennadii Kamyshentsev, Serhii Yeremenko, Yurii Riabokon, Volodymyr Artemchuk, Vladyslav Andreitsev

Uniqueness Ensuring of Theoretical Solution to the Problem of Image Reconstructing of an Air Target Attacking Protected Object of Ukraine’s Critical Infrastructure

Abstract

Uniqueness conditions of the theoretical solution to the problem of image reconstructing of an air target attacking protected object of critical infrastructure of Ukraine are substantiated. Initially, theoretical solution essence of the inverse problem for image reconstructing of a small air target is considered. Then description of the use of the Radon transforms, ray and fan transforms in the absence of complete information is given. After that variant of flow transforms of reflected electromagnetic waves is proposed. Such variant ensures uniqueness of theoretical problem solution.

Oleksandr Farrakhov, Oleksandr Lefterov, Viktor Strelets, Volodymyr Pecheny, Alina Pomaza-Ponomarenko

Fuels

Frontmatter

The EU’s Fuel Dependence Under the Pressure of Russian-Ukrainian Conflict

Abstract

Although the motor fuel is the key to the economic growth and their social well-being, in the EU its production sphere is built on imported crude hydrocarbons. In this study, an assessment of the fuel dependence of the EU is carried out and a decomposition analysis of the net import of crude hydrocarbons is conducted in order to identify those factors and shifts that could constitute support for the formation of the fuel independence. The basis of the study is the period of the Russia’s invasion of Ukraine of 2022–2023, which is correlated with the sanctions imposed on the aggressor state. The composite index of the fuel dependence of the EU is calculated and matrix positioning of the member states according to its components is carried out. It is determined that the EU fell into the trap of fuel dependence and the EU failed to replace Russian oil imports efficiently, which led to turbulence in oil refinery and stagnation of the motor fuel market. There were no significant qualitative shifts as to the change in fuel dependence during the analyzed period. The recovery of the EU’s fuel cycle will require an increase in crude hydrocarbon imports. It is proposed to change the approach to overcoming fuel dependence from the geographical diversification of crude hydrocarbon imports to the diversification of oil refinery sources.

Viktoriia Khaustova, Mykola Kyzym, Tetiana Salashenko, Dmytro Kostenko, Mykyta Khaustov

Methodological Approaches to Determining the Prospects of Coal Mines

Abstract

The subject of the study is the technical and economic condition of coal industry enterprises. The purpose of the article is to develop a methodology for ranking coal mines by the integral coefficient of prospects. Research methods: mathematical statistics using correlation and regression analysis to process data on technical and economic indicators of mines, expert assessments to form an information base. A methodology for ranking coal mines by prospects has been developed using a system of volumetric, technological, financial, economic, safety, environmental and social criteria for the functioning of coal industry enterprises that are accessible to the general public. The methodology takes into account the degree of importance of each criterion in terms of its impact on the technical and economic level of the mine. The system of criteria for the prospects of coal mining enterprises includes the following: installed production capacity of mines, coal production volumes, coal production volumes using new technologies, the cost of coal products, the category of mines by sudden coal and gas emissions, the number of employees and the number of residents of the community where the mine is located, and methane emissions. Mine ratings were calculated to identify unpromising mines that will be considered for further operation or closure The calculations took into account the WTO requirements for the prospects of coal mining enterprises, as well as the consequences of military operations in Ukraine. The analysis of the mines’ prospects was carried out in two areas of coal product use: for energy and coke production, respectively. The developed methodology allowed us to form a list of promising coal mining enterprises for steam and coking coal production. The research results provide an opportunity to make managerial decisions on further operation or closure of unpromising coal mining enterprises when developing forecasts of coal fuel supply for thermal power and the country's economy as a whole.

Vitaliy Makarov, Mykola Kaplin, Tetiana Bilan, Mykola Perov, Yevhen Shcherbyna

Hydrogen as an Alternative to Fossil Fuels: Production and Storage

Abstract

The significant increase in global energy demand is contributed to by rapid urbanisation, industrialisation, and population growth. Greenhouse gas emissions are caused using fossil fuels, the primary energy source, leading to global warming and serious public health issues, particularly in heavily industrialised regions. The need to transition to alternative energy sources is growing, and hydrogen is becoming a key element in achieving net-zero emissions goals as a clean and carbon-free fuel. Several hydrogen production technologies are examined in this text, including hydrolysis, natural gas reforming, coal gasification, and biomass gasification. Hydrogen fuel storage technologies are described and divided into two main groups: physical and material. The highlighted prospects for using hydrogen as an alternative, environmentally friendly fuel.

Oleksandr Popov, Sergii Skurativskyi, Valeriia Kovach, Andrii Iatsyshyn, Anastasiia Lahoiko, Oleh Hnatiuk

Transport

Frontmatter

Features of Hazardous Cargo Transportation: Regulatory Framework and Modelling Tools

Abstract

The number of hazardous cargo shipments by various modes of transport is increasing each year. However, during the transportation of hazardous materials, emergencies can occur under different circumstances (such as road traffic accidents, natural disasters, terrorist attacks, etc.), which can lead to the breach of containment (tanks, containers, cylinders, etc.), resulting in the release of chemically hazardous substances into the environment and creating significant risks for the population in nearby areas. To reduce the number of such accidents, regulatory measures for the transportation of hazardous substances must be implemented, international cooperation must be ensured, and unified standards and regulations must be developed. Additionally, it is important for approaches to risk assessment for the transportation of chemically hazardous substances to be developed and refined, and for the adverse effects of these substances’ releases on environmental components and public health to be modelled.

Anastasiia Lahoiko, Oksana Podliashchuk, Anna Iatsyshyn, Inna Hromova, Oleksandr Bandola, Andrii Kontsydailo

Adaptive Risk Management Strategies in Autonomous Maritime Systems

Abstract

The introduction of autonomous systems in maritime transport is fundamentally changing the approach to shipping, providing increased safety, reduced operating costs, and increased efficiency. At the same time, these innovations pose a number of challenges, especially in the areas of decision-making and risk management. This chapter explores the integration of advanced models, such as decision trees and Bayesian networks, with robust risk management strategies to effectively deal with the uncertainties and threats that accompany the deployment of autonomous vessels. Real-life cases of implementing these models in practice are analyzed, emphasizing the importance of adaptive strategies and real-time decision support systems to ensure reliable and safe operation of autonomous vessels, contributing to the long-term sustainability of maritime operations.

Oleksiy Melnyk, Svitlana Onyshchenko, Oleksandra Kravchenko, Oleksandr Sagaydak, Anastasia Steba

Optimization of Power Supply and Reliability Improvement of Unmanned Surface Vehicles in Maritime Operations

Abstract

This chapter presents a comprehensive study of power supply systems for unmanned surface vehicles (USVs) with a focus on their reliability, efficiency, and sustainability. By analyzing the current state of energy supply technologies and identifying the technical challenges associated with autonomous maritime operations, the study evaluates various energy sources including solar panels, batteries, and hybrid systems. Detailed models and calculations predict energy consumption under various operational scenarios, emphasizing the need to develop effective energy management strategies. The study also addresses the development of advanced autonomous control systems, robust communication technologies, and specialized sensors adapted to marine environments. To ensure responsible integration of unmanned technologies, ethical aspects such as privacy issues, marine life surveillance and legal aspects related to human involvement are discussed. The results of the study provide practical recommendations to improve the energy efficiency, autonomy and reliability of USVs, emphasizing the importance of innovation and collaboration in overcoming the challenges faced by the maritime industry.

Oleksiy Melnyk, Oleg Onishchenko, Svitlana Onyshchenko, Dementiy Burlachenko, Petro Nykytyuk

Simulation of the Interrelationship Between Energy Efficiency and Ship Safety Based on Empirical Data and Regression Analysis

Abstract

This chapter investigates the relationship between ship energy efficiency and operational safety. Fleet data including indicators of energy efficiency, technical condition of ships and crew training level were analyzed to assess their impact on the overall level of shipping safety. The methodology of multiple regression was applied, which made it possible to establish the coefficients of influence of various independent variables on the dependent variable—ship safety. The conclusions of the study emphasize the importance of energy efficiency not only in the context of reducing operating costs and reducing the negative impact on the environment, but also as an important factor in improving the safety of shipping. The results obtained may be useful for ship owners, operators and regulators dealing with maritime transportation safety issues.

Oleksiy Melnyk, Oleksii Fomin, Oleksandr Shumylo, Vladimir Yarovenko, Martin Jurkovič, Valentina Ocheretna

Enhancing Safety and Efficiency in Maritime Ergatic Systems Through Advanced Information Technologies

Abstract

This chapter discusses the optimization of maritime ergatic systems that integrate human–machine interaction to improve safety and operational efficiency. Despite technological advances, challenges remain related to system reliability, risk assessment, human factors and environmental compliance. This study reviews recent literature, identifying key issues such as the need for advanced assessment methods, psychological and ergonomic aspects of crew performance, and the integration of artificial intelligence and fuzzy logic. The aim of the research is to develop an integrated system to address these issues, thereby improving the efficiency and safety of maritime operations.

Svitlana Onyshchenko, Iryna Savelieva, Oleksiy Melnyk, Kostyantyn Koryakin, Oleh Kotenko

Comparative Analysis of Different Methods of Ship Squat Calculation in Shallow Waters

Abstract

Special precision and accuracy are always required to prevent the ship from running aground by calculating the under keel clearance when navigating ships in shallow water. Among the constituent parts of the underkeel clearance, the ship’s squat occupies a special place. Unlike other components of the underkeel clearance, such as tidal water level, water density, sea waves, the presence of a ship’s list, air temperature and pressure, etc., there is no 100% certainty in determining the squat of a ship in shallow water conditions. Today, navigators, based on their own experience, use many different methods to calculate the squat of ships. Therefore, the authors of this article considered the comparative characteristics of the results obtained from different methods of squat calculation, and performed a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each method from the perspective of practical use during navigation in shallow water conditions. This article aims to enable navigators to approach the results of squat calculations more reasonably, which, in turn, will contribute to increasing the accuracy of existing keel space calculations and enhancing the overall safety of navigation in shallow water conditions.

Yuriy Bychkovsky, Oleksiy Melnyk, Andrii Voloshyn, Olha Shcherbina, Leonid Oberto Santana

Linguistic Description of the Meta-Process in the Safety Management System of a Shipping Company

Abstract

Metaprocess is the most important component of safety management as it defines the main steps, procedures and instructions used to ensure safety on board a ship. This article discusses the features of linguistic description of metaprocess in the safety management system of a shipping company. Various aspects of linguistic description of metaprocess including terminology, semantics and syntax are also discussed. The impact of linguistic description on the effectiveness of a shipping company’s safety management system is analyzed. The study shows that the proper use of linguistic metaprocess description can improve the understanding of safety instructions and procedures, contributing to effective safety management on board.

Oleksiy Melnyk, Oleg Onishchenko, Olha Sherstiuk, Serhii Kuzhnichenko, Oleh Lohinov

Study of the Human Factor Influence on Ergonomic Management Systems in Maritime Transport

Abstract

This chapter investigates the process of interaction between the role and degree of influence of the human factor on ergonomic control systems in transport. The human factor, its components in the process of management in water transport systems, and the impact of technical systems on human activity are analyzed. The main focus is on studying the role and relationship between the human factor and ergatic control systems, such as automated systems, intelligent transport systems and other technological solutions used in water transport. The article is based on an analysis of scientific research, including psychological, sociological, and engineering aspects of the interaction between humans and ergonomic control systems. The main factors of human influence on ergatic systems are identified and evaluated. The analysis also makes it possible to understand how technical innovations affect the role of the human factor in the transport sector. The novelty of this article lies in the combination of the study of the impact of the human factor on the ergatic control systems in transport and the analysis of various aspects of this interaction. The material presented has a significant practical contribution, as it provides important recommendations for improving the process of interaction between the human factor and ergonomic control systems in transport.

Oleksiy Melnyk, Oleg Onishchenko, Tatyana Melenchuk, Igor Petrov, Olena Moskaliuk

Methods of Scale Control in Seawater Desalination Plants and Improving the Performance of Shipboard Equipment of Merchant Ships

Abstract

This chapter discusses the operation of marine water distillation systems with emphasis on the problems associated with scale deposits in heat exchange components. The chapter emphasizes the detrimental effects of scale deposits on energy consumption, thermal conductivity, and overall performance of heat exchange surfaces. To address these problems, the article discusses chemical cleaning methods that can effectively control scale deposits. The importance of maintaining optimum operating conditions, controlling solvent concentration, and performing chemical treatment to improve heat transfer efficiency in a distillation unit is emphasized. The effect of scale thickness on fuel consumption and subsequent increase in operating costs is also discussed. The chapter proposes an integrated approach to scale control in seawater distillation systems, combining proper design solutions, operating parameters, and chemical treatment strategies to improve performance, reduce energy consumption, and extend equipment life, providing sustainable and efficient desalination in marine environments.

Oleksiy Melnyk, Oleg Onishchenko, Oleksii Fomin, Oleh Lohinov, Vladyslav Maulevych, Volodymyr Kucherenko

Determination of the Nature of Analytical Dependencies for Building Mathematical Models of Transport Events Taking into Account Statistical Data and Probabilistic Characteristics

Abstract

The transport of dangerous goods will always be potentially risky: this is due to the new substances that are accepted for transport; by increasing the speed of cargo delivery; stricter requirements for ensuring traffic safety when transporting dangerous goods. Therefore, the entire system of organizing the transportation of dangerous goods, which objectively involves huge risks, needs a systematic approach for its improvement (optimization). The study includes the analysis of relationships between various factors, such as the size of freight train movements, the average gross train weight on a specific railway line, and others, with the risk of occurrence of transport events of various classifications. The work presents the method of determining analytical dependencies for building mathematical models of transport events taking into account statistical data and probabilistic characteristics. The relationships between various factors, such as the size of freight train movements, the average gross train mass on a specific railway line, and others, with the risk of occurrence of transport events of various classifications, were analyzed. The results of the study will include simple mathematical models that will allow to estimate the probability of the occurrence of transport events at various stages of the cargo delivery route, including sorting stations and cargo fronts. The classification of transport events involving dangerous is proposed goods with division into groups that take into account the degree of potential consequences.

Oleh Strelko, Oksana Yurchenko, Maryna Rudiuk, Halyna Vasilova, Artemii Bernatskyi

Title: Systems, Decision and Control in Energy VII
Editors: Vitalii Babak
Artur Zaporozhets
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-90462-2
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-90461-5
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-90462-2