Skip to main content
Top

2015 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Tensor Voting: Current State, Challenges and New Trends in the Context of Medical Image Analysis

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Perceptual organisation techniques aim at mimicking the human visual system for extracting salient information from noisy images. Tensor voting has been one of the most versatile of those methods, with many different applications both in computer vision and medical image analysis. Its strategy consists in propagating local information encoded through tensors by means of perception-inspired rules. Although it has been used for more than a decade, there are still many unsolved theoretical issues that have made it challenging to apply it to more problems, especially in analysis of medical images. The main aim of this chapter is to review the current state of the research in tensor voting, to summarise its present challenges, and to describe the new trends that we foresee will drive the research in this field in the next few years. Also, we discuss extensions of tensor voting that could lead to potential performance improvements and that could make it suitable for further medical applications.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Footnotes
1
In this case tensorisation denotes the mapping \(t: \mathbb{R}^{3} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{3\times 3}\) with \(t(\mathbf{n}) =\mathbf{ n}\mathbf{n}^{T}\;\forall _{\mathbf{n}\,\in \,\mathbb{R}^{3}}\), also referred to as the dyadic product or the outer product.
 
2
The saliencies are also referred to as curveness, surfaceness and junctionness.
 
3
Function \(R_{\mathbf{t}}\) is defined as \(R_{\mathbf{t}}(\alpha,\cdot ): \mathbb{R}^{3\times 3} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{3\times 3}\) with \(R_{\mathbf{t}}(\alpha,\mathsf{S}) = Q_{\alpha,\mathbf{t}}\;\mathsf{S}\;Q_{\alpha,\mathbf{t}}^{T}\;\forall _{\mathsf{S}\,\in \,\mathbb{R}^{3\times 3}}\), where \(Q_{\alpha,\mathbf{t}} \in \mathrm{ SO(3)}\) performs a rotation of angle α around axis \(\mathbf{t}\).
 
4
That is Y-crossings.
 
5
That is X-crossings.
 
6
The rank of a tensor is defined as the minimal number of first-order tensors, i.e. vectors, which is needed to represent it as a sum of outer products of these.
 
Literature
1.
go back to reference Ambrosio, L., Gigli, N., Savaré, G.: Gradient Flows: In Metric Spaces and in the Space of Probability Measures. Springer, Berlin (2006) Ambrosio, L., Gigli, N., Savaré, G.: Gradient Flows: In Metric Spaces and in the Space of Probability Measures. Springer, Berlin (2006)
2.
go back to reference Arsigny, V., Fillard, P., Pennec, X., Ayache, N.: Fast and simple calculus on tensors in the log-Euclidean framework. In: Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention—MICCAI 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 115–122. Springer, Heidelberg (2005) Arsigny, V., Fillard, P., Pennec, X., Ayache, N.: Fast and simple calculus on tensors in the log-Euclidean framework. In: Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention—MICCAI 2005. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 115–122. Springer, Heidelberg (2005)
3.
go back to reference Citti, G., Sarti, A.: A cortical based model of perceptual completion in the roto-translation space. J. Math. Imaging Vision 24(3), 307–326 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRef Citti, G., Sarti, A.: A cortical based model of perceptual completion in the roto-translation space. J. Math. Imaging Vision 24(3), 307–326 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRef
4.
go back to reference De Lathauwer, L., De Moor, B., Vandewalle, J.: A multilinear singular value decomposition. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 21(4), 1253–1278 (2000)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH De Lathauwer, L., De Moor, B., Vandewalle, J.: A multilinear singular value decomposition. SIAM J. Matrix Anal. Appl. 21(4), 1253–1278 (2000)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
5.
go back to reference Duits, R., Franken, E.: Left-invariant diffusions on the space of positions and orientations and their application to crossing-preserving smoothing of HARDI images. Int. J. Comput. Vision 92(3), 231–264 (2011)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Duits, R., Franken, E.: Left-invariant diffusions on the space of positions and orientations and their application to crossing-preserving smoothing of HARDI images. Int. J. Comput. Vision 92(3), 231–264 (2011)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
6.
go back to reference Fischer, S., Bayerl, P., Neumann, H., Redondo, R., Cristóbal, G.: Iterated tensor voting and curvature improvement. Signal Process. 87(11), 2503–2515 (2007)CrossRefMATH Fischer, S., Bayerl, P., Neumann, H., Redondo, R., Cristóbal, G.: Iterated tensor voting and curvature improvement. Signal Process. 87(11), 2503–2515 (2007)CrossRefMATH
7.
go back to reference Franken, E., Duits, R.: Crossing-preserving coherence-enhancing diffusion on invertible orientation scores. Int. J. Comput. Vision 85(3), 253–278 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Franken, E., Duits, R.: Crossing-preserving coherence-enhancing diffusion on invertible orientation scores. Int. J. Comput. Vision 85(3), 253–278 (2009)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
8.
go back to reference Franken, E., van Almsick, M., Rongen, P., Florack, L., ter Haar Romeny, B.: An efficient method for tensor voting using steerable filters. In: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part IV (ECCV’06), pp. 228–240. Springer, Berlin (2006) Franken, E., van Almsick, M., Rongen, P., Florack, L., ter Haar Romeny, B.: An efficient method for tensor voting using steerable filters. In: Proceedings of the 9th European Conference on Computer Vision - Volume Part IV (ECCV’06), pp. 228–240. Springer, Berlin (2006)
9.
go back to reference Guo, S., Yanagida, H., Fan, H., Takahashi, T., Tamura, Y.: Image enhancement of ultrasound image based on tensor voting. Trans. Jpn. Soc. Med. Biol. Eng. 47(5), 423–427 (2009)MATH Guo, S., Yanagida, H., Fan, H., Takahashi, T., Tamura, Y.: Image enhancement of ultrasound image based on tensor voting. Trans. Jpn. Soc. Med. Biol. Eng. 47(5), 423–427 (2009)MATH
10.
go back to reference Guy, G., Medioni, G.: Inference of surfaces, 3D curves, and junctions from sparse, noisy, 3D data. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 19(11), 1265–1277 (1997)CrossRef Guy, G., Medioni, G.: Inference of surfaces, 3D curves, and junctions from sparse, noisy, 3D data. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 19(11), 1265–1277 (1997)CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Koffka, K.: Principles of Gestalt Psychology. Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York (1935) Koffka, K.: Principles of Gestalt Psychology. Harcourt, Brace and Company, New York (1935)
12.
go back to reference Läthén, G., Jonasson, J., Borga, M.: Blood vessel segmentation using multi-scale quadrature filtering. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 31(8), 762–767 (2010)CrossRef Läthén, G., Jonasson, J., Borga, M.: Blood vessel segmentation using multi-scale quadrature filtering. Pattern Recogn. Lett. 31(8), 762–767 (2010)CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Leng, Z., Korenberg, J., Roysam, B., Tasdizen, T.: A rapid 2-D centerline extraction method based on tensor voting. In: IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, 2011, pp. 1000–1003 (2011)CrossRef Leng, Z., Korenberg, J., Roysam, B., Tasdizen, T.: A rapid 2-D centerline extraction method based on tensor voting. In: IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: From Nano to Macro, 2011, pp. 1000–1003 (2011)CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Lombardi, G., Casiraghi, E., Campadelli, P.: Curvature estimation and curve inference with tensor voting: a new approach. In: Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, pp. 613–624. Springer, Heidelberg (2008) Lombardi, G., Casiraghi, E., Campadelli, P.: Curvature estimation and curve inference with tensor voting: a new approach. In: Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, pp. 613–624. Springer, Heidelberg (2008)
15.
go back to reference Loss, L.A., Bebis, G., Nicolescu, M., Skurikhin, A.: An iterative multi-scale tensor voting scheme for perceptual grouping of natural shapes in cluttered backgrounds. Comput. Vision Image Underst. 113(1), 126–149 (2009)CrossRef Loss, L.A., Bebis, G., Nicolescu, M., Skurikhin, A.: An iterative multi-scale tensor voting scheme for perceptual grouping of natural shapes in cluttered backgrounds. Comput. Vision Image Underst. 113(1), 126–149 (2009)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Loss, L.A., Bebis, G., Parvin, B.: Iterative tensor voting for perceptual grouping of ill-defined curvilinear structures. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 30(8), 1503–1513 (2011)CrossRef Loss, L.A., Bebis, G., Parvin, B.: Iterative tensor voting for perceptual grouping of ill-defined curvilinear structures. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 30(8), 1503–1513 (2011)CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Maggiori, E., Lotito, P., Manterola, H., del Fresno, M.: Comments on “A closed-form solution to tensor voting: theory and applications”. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 36(12), 2567–2568 (2014)CrossRef Maggiori, E., Lotito, P., Manterola, H., del Fresno, M.: Comments on “A closed-form solution to tensor voting: theory and applications”. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 36(12), 2567–2568 (2014)CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Maggiori, E., Manterola, H.L., del Fresno, M.: Perceptual grouping by tensor voting: a comparative survey of recent approaches. IET Comput. Vision 9(2), 259–277 (2015)CrossRef Maggiori, E., Manterola, H.L., del Fresno, M.: Perceptual grouping by tensor voting: a comparative survey of recent approaches. IET Comput. Vision 9(2), 259–277 (2015)CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Massad, A., Babós, M., Mertsching, B.: Application of the tensor voting technique for perceptual grouping to grey-level images. In: Van Gool, L. (ed.) Pattern Recognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 306–314. German Association for Pattern Recognition (DAGM). Springer, Berlin (2002) Massad, A., Babós, M., Mertsching, B.: Application of the tensor voting technique for perceptual grouping to grey-level images. In: Van Gool, L. (ed.) Pattern Recognition. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pp. 306–314. German Association for Pattern Recognition (DAGM). Springer, Berlin (2002)
20.
go back to reference Medioni, G., Lee, M.S., Tang, C.K.: A Computational Framework for Segmentation and Grouping. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2000)MATH Medioni, G., Lee, M.S., Tang, C.K.: A Computational Framework for Segmentation and Grouping. Elsevier, Amsterdam (2000)MATH
21.
go back to reference Medioni, G., Tang, C.K., Lee, M.S.: Tensor voting: theory and applications. In: In Proceedings of RFIA. TELECOM Paris, Dept. Traitement du Signal et des Images (2000) Medioni, G., Tang, C.K., Lee, M.S.: Tensor voting: theory and applications. In: In Proceedings of RFIA. TELECOM Paris, Dept. Traitement du Signal et des Images (2000)
22.
go back to reference Min, C., Medioni, G.: Tensor voting accelerated by graphics processing units (GPU). In: 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2006 (ICPR 2006), vol. 3, pp. 1103–1106. IEEE, New York (2006) Min, C., Medioni, G.: Tensor voting accelerated by graphics processing units (GPU). In: 18th International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 2006 (ICPR 2006), vol. 3, pp. 1103–1106. IEEE, New York (2006)
23.
24.
go back to reference Mordohai, P., Medioni, G.: Tensor voting: a perceptual organization approach to computer vision and machine learning. Synth. Lect. Image Video Multimed. Process. 2(1), 1–136 (2006)CrossRefMATH Mordohai, P., Medioni, G.: Tensor voting: a perceptual organization approach to computer vision and machine learning. Synth. Lect. Image Video Multimed. Process. 2(1), 1–136 (2006)CrossRefMATH
25.
go back to reference Mordohai, P., Medioni, G.: Dimensionality estimation, manifold learning and function approximation using tensor voting. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 11, 411–450 (2010)MathSciNetMATH Mordohai, P., Medioni, G.: Dimensionality estimation, manifold learning and function approximation using tensor voting. J. Mach. Learn. Res. 11, 411–450 (2010)MathSciNetMATH
26.
go back to reference Moreno, R., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D., Julia, C.: Robust color edge detection through tensor voting. In: 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2009, pp. 2153–2156 (2009) Moreno, R., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D., Julia, C.: Robust color edge detection through tensor voting. In: 16th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP), 2009, pp. 2153–2156 (2009)
27.
go back to reference Moreno, R., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D.: Robust color image segmentation through tensor voting. In: 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 3372–3375 (2010) Moreno, R., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D.: Robust color image segmentation through tensor voting. In: 2010 20th International Conference on Pattern Recognition (ICPR), pp. 3372–3375 (2010)
28.
go back to reference Moreno, R., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D., Julià, C.: Edge-preserving color image denoising through tensor voting. Comput. Vision Image Underst. 115(11), 1536–1551 (2011)CrossRef Moreno, R., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D., Julià, C.: Edge-preserving color image denoising through tensor voting. Comput. Vision Image Underst. 115(11), 1536–1551 (2011)CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Moreno, R., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D., Pizarro, L., Burgeth, B., Weickert, J.: On improving the efficiency of tensor voting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 33(11), 2215–2228 (2011)CrossRef Moreno, R., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D., Pizarro, L., Burgeth, B., Weickert, J.: On improving the efficiency of tensor voting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 33(11), 2215–2228 (2011)CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Moreno, R., Pizarro, L., Burgeth, B., Weickert, J., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D.: Adaption of tensor voting to image structure estimation. In: Laidlaw, D.H., Vilanova, A. (eds.) New Developments in the Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields. Mathematics and Visualization, pp. 29–50. Springer, Berlin (2012)CrossRef Moreno, R., Pizarro, L., Burgeth, B., Weickert, J., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D.: Adaption of tensor voting to image structure estimation. In: Laidlaw, D.H., Vilanova, A. (eds.) New Developments in the Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields. Mathematics and Visualization, pp. 29–50. Springer, Berlin (2012)CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Moreno, R., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D.: Tensor voting for robust color edge detection. In: Advances in Low-Level Color Image Processing. Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, pp. 279–301. Springer, Berlin (2014) Moreno, R., Garcia, M.A., Puig, D.: Tensor voting for robust color edge detection. In: Advances in Low-Level Color Image Processing. Lecture Notes in Computational Vision and Biomechanics, pp. 279–301. Springer, Berlin (2014)
32.
go back to reference Pasternak, O., Sochen, N., Basser, P.J.: Metric selection and diffusion tensor swelling. In: Laidlaw, D.H., Vilanova, A. (eds.) New Developments in the Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields. Mathematics and Visualization, pp. 323–336. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)CrossRef Pasternak, O., Sochen, N., Basser, P.J.: Metric selection and diffusion tensor swelling. In: Laidlaw, D.H., Vilanova, A. (eds.) New Developments in the Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields. Mathematics and Visualization, pp. 323–336. Springer, Heidelberg (2012)CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Reisert, M., Burkhardt, H.: Efficient tensor voting with 3D tensorial harmonics. In: Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 2008 (CVPRW’08). IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1–7. IEEE, New York (2008)CrossRef Reisert, M., Burkhardt, H.: Efficient tensor voting with 3D tensorial harmonics. In: Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Workshops, 2008 (CVPRW’08). IEEE Computer Society, pp. 1–7. IEEE, New York (2008)CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Risser, L., Plouraboue, F., Descombes, X.: Gap filling of 3-D microvascular networks by tensor voting. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 27(5), 674–687 (2008)CrossRef Risser, L., Plouraboue, F., Descombes, X.: Gap filling of 3-D microvascular networks by tensor voting. IEEE Trans. Med. Imaging 27(5), 674–687 (2008)CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Schultz, T.: Towards resolving fiber crossings with higher order tensor inpainting. In: Laidlaw, D.H., Vilanova, A. (eds.) New Developments in the Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields. Mathematics and Visualization, pp. 253–266. Springer, Berlin (2012)CrossRef Schultz, T.: Towards resolving fiber crossings with higher order tensor inpainting. In: Laidlaw, D.H., Vilanova, A. (eds.) New Developments in the Visualization and Processing of Tensor Fields. Mathematics and Visualization, pp. 253–266. Springer, Berlin (2012)CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Schultz, T., Seidel, H.P.: Estimating crossing fibers: a tensor decomposition approach. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 14(6), 1635–1642 (2008)CrossRef Schultz, T., Seidel, H.P.: Estimating crossing fibers: a tensor decomposition approach. IEEE Trans. Vis. Comput. Graph. 14(6), 1635–1642 (2008)CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Schultz, T., Fuster, A., Ghosh, A., Deriche, R., Florack, L., Lim, L.H.: Higher-order tensors in diffusion imaging. In: Westin, C.F., Vilanova, A., Burgeth, B. (eds.) Visualization and Processing of Tensors and Higher Order Descriptors for Multi-Valued Data. Mathematics and Visualization, pp. 129–161. Springer, Berlin (2014) Schultz, T., Fuster, A., Ghosh, A., Deriche, R., Florack, L., Lim, L.H.: Higher-order tensors in diffusion imaging. In: Westin, C.F., Vilanova, A., Burgeth, B. (eds.) Visualization and Processing of Tensors and Higher Order Descriptors for Multi-Valued Data. Mathematics and Visualization, pp. 129–161. Springer, Berlin (2014)
38.
go back to reference Sha’ashua, A., Ullman, S.: Structural Saliency: The Detection of Globally Salient Structures Using a Locally Connected Network, pp. 321–327. IEEE, New York (1988) Sha’ashua, A., Ullman, S.: Structural Saliency: The Detection of Globally Salient Structures Using a Locally Connected Network, pp. 321–327. IEEE, New York (1988)
39.
go back to reference Tang, C.K., Medioni, G.: Curvature-augmented tensor voting for shape inference from noisy 3D data. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24(6), 858–864 (2002)CrossRef Tang, C.K., Medioni, G.: Curvature-augmented tensor voting for shape inference from noisy 3D data. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 24(6), 858–864 (2002)CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Tang, C.K., Medioni, G., Duret, F.: Automatic, accurate surface model inference for dental CAD/CAM. In: Wells, W., Colchester, A., Delp, S. (eds.) Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Interventation — MICCAI’98. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1496, pp. 732–742. Springer, Berlin (1998) Tang, C.K., Medioni, G., Duret, F.: Automatic, accurate surface model inference for dental CAD/CAM. In: Wells, W., Colchester, A., Delp, S. (eds.) Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Interventation — MICCAI’98. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 1496, pp. 732–742. Springer, Berlin (1998)
41.
go back to reference Tong, W.S., Tang, C.K.: Robust estimation of adaptive tensors of curvature by tensor voting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27(3), 434–449 (2005)CrossRef Tong, W.S., Tang, C.K.: Robust estimation of adaptive tensors of curvature by tensor voting. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 27(3), 434–449 (2005)CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Tong, W.S., Tang, C.K., Mordohai, P., Medioni, G.: First order augmentation to tensor voting for boundary inference and multiscale analysis in 3D. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 26(5), 594–611 (2004)CrossRef Tong, W.S., Tang, C.K., Mordohai, P., Medioni, G.: First order augmentation to tensor voting for boundary inference and multiscale analysis in 3D. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 26(5), 594–611 (2004)CrossRef
43.
go back to reference van Almsick, M., Duits, R., Franken, E., ter Haar Romeny, B.: From stochastic completion fields to tensor voting. In: Deep Structure, Singularities, and Computer Vision, pp. 124–134. Springer, Berlin (2005) van Almsick, M., Duits, R., Franken, E., ter Haar Romeny, B.: From stochastic completion fields to tensor voting. In: Deep Structure, Singularities, and Computer Vision, pp. 124–134. Springer, Berlin (2005)
44.
go back to reference Williams, L.R., Jacobs, D.W.: Stochastic completion fields: a neural model of illusory contour shape and salience. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision, 1995, pp. 408–415. IEEE, New York (1995) Williams, L.R., Jacobs, D.W.: Stochastic completion fields: a neural model of illusory contour shape and salience. In: Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Computer Vision, 1995, pp. 408–415. IEEE, New York (1995)
45.
go back to reference Wu, T.P., Yeung, S.K., Jia, J., Tang, C.K., Medioni, G.: A closed-form solution to tensor voting: theory and applications. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 34(8), 1482–1495 (2012)CrossRef Wu, T.P., Yeung, S.K., Jia, J., Tang, C.K., Medioni, G.: A closed-form solution to tensor voting: theory and applications. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 34(8), 1482–1495 (2012)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Tensor Voting: Current State, Challenges and New Trends in the Context of Medical Image Analysis
Authors
Daniel Jörgens
Rodrigo Moreno
Copyright Year
2015
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-15090-1_9

Premium Partner