Skip to main content
Top

Hint

Swipe to navigate through the articles of this issue

Published in: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 3/2023

07-10-2022 | Original Empirical Research

The brand that wasn’t there: The impact of brand displacement on viewer engagement and brand attitude

Authors: Kirk Kristofferson, Lea Dunn

Published in: Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science | Issue 3/2023

Log in

Abstract

Brand placement is a well-established marketing tactic that benefits both brands and media. However, due to financial, legal, or image reasons, brands may choose not to be associated with certain content. In such cases, the brand logo is removed, or “displaced” from the production either digitally or physically to adhere to copyright law, a practice we define as brand displacement. This research explores the psychological and brand consequences of brand displacement. Using multiple brands and content, we find brand displacement can positively or negatively impact the displaced brand, depending on consumers’ need for cognition. We show these divergent consequences are driven by displacement’s effects on consumer engagement in the viewing experience and follow an affect-transfer process. We find these consequences are moderated by brand familiarity and offer interventions for marketers to use displacement strategically. A preliminary EEG study, pilot with marketing managers, four primary, and multiple supplemental support our theorizing.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
We selected Coca-Cola as the brand because it (a) is positively-viewed, (b) incorporates placement in its strategy, and (c) is positioned to benefit from this tactic (market leader in its respective industry, Russell & Belch, 2005).
 
2
We included the introduction to provide context and to disguise the brand (dis)placement interest of this study.
 
3
The measurement of emotional reactions using the Emotiv EEG headset has been validated by multiple independent research studies (e.g., Inventado et al., 2011; Khushaba et al., 2013; Williams et al., 2020).
 
4
We note that we also asked an exploratory brand recall measure as part of a separate study; however, recall is not the focus of our investigation and as such is not discussed in the main discussion.
 
5
If participants listed cost or image on both brand and production sides, this was only recorded once in the total score.
 
Literature
go back to reference Ahluwalia, R. (2008). How Far Can a Brand Stretch? Understanding the Role of Self-Construal. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(3), 337–350. CrossRef Ahluwalia, R. (2008). How Far Can a Brand Stretch? Understanding the Role of Self-Construal. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(3), 337–350. CrossRef
go back to reference Allen, C. T., & Madden, T. J. (1985). A Closer Look at Classical Conditioning. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(December), 301–315. CrossRef Allen, C. T., & Madden, T. J. (1985). A Closer Look at Classical Conditioning. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(December), 301–315. CrossRef
go back to reference Andriasova, A. V. (2006). They Placed, I Saw, I Was Conquered: Evaluating the Effects of Persuasion Knowledge and Prominence on Brand Placement on Viewers’ Attitudes and Behavior (doctoral dissertation). University of Texas at Austin. Andriasova, A. V. (2006). They Placed, I Saw, I Was Conquered: Evaluating the Effects of Persuasion Knowledge and Prominence on Brand Placement on Viewers’ Attitudes and Behavior (doctoral dissertation). University of Texas at Austin.
go back to reference Ansons, T. L., Wan, F., & Leboe, J. P. (2011). The Influence of Immersion on Product Placement Effectiveness: A Synthesis and Review of Product Placement in Traditional and Digital Media. In M. S. Eastin, T. Daugherty & N. M. Burns (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Digital Media and Advertising: User Generated Content Consumption (pp. 109–124). Ansons, T. L., Wan, F., & Leboe, J. P. (2011). The Influence of Immersion on Product Placement Effectiveness: A Synthesis and Review of Product Placement in Traditional and Digital Media. In M. S. Eastin, T. Daugherty & N. M. Burns (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Digital Media and Advertising: User Generated Content Consumption (pp. 109–124).
go back to reference Auty, S., & Lewis, C. (2004a). Exploring Children’s Choice: The Reminder Effect of Product Placement. Psychology and Marketing, 21(9), 697–713. CrossRef Auty, S., & Lewis, C. (2004a). Exploring Children’s Choice: The Reminder Effect of Product Placement. Psychology and Marketing, 21(9), 697–713. CrossRef
go back to reference Auty, S., & Lewis, C. (2004b). The ‘Delicious Paradox’: Preconscious Processing of Product Placements by Children. In L. J. Shrum (Ed.), The Psychology of Entertainment Media (pp. 117–135). Lawrence Erlbaum. Auty, S., & Lewis, C. (2004b). The ‘Delicious Paradox’: Preconscious Processing of Product Placements by Children. In L. J. Shrum (Ed.), The Psychology of Entertainment Media (pp. 117–135). Lawrence Erlbaum.
go back to reference Avramova, Y. R., De Pelsmacker, P., & Dens, N. (2017). Brand Placement Repetition in a Fictional Text. International Journal of Advertising, 36(1), 38–59. CrossRef Avramova, Y. R., De Pelsmacker, P., & Dens, N. (2017). Brand Placement Repetition in a Fictional Text. International Journal of Advertising, 36(1), 38–59. CrossRef
go back to reference Babin, L. A., & Carder, S. T. (1996). Viewers’ Recognition of Brands Placed Within a Film. International Journal of Advertising, 15(2), 140–151. CrossRef Babin, L. A., & Carder, S. T. (1996). Viewers’ Recognition of Brands Placed Within a Film. International Journal of Advertising, 15(2), 140–151. CrossRef
go back to reference Babin, B. J., Herrmann, J.-L., Kacha, M., & Babin, L. A. (2021). The Effectiveness of Brand Placements: A Meta-Analytic Synthesis. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 38(4), 1017–1033. CrossRef Babin, B. J., Herrmann, J.-L., Kacha, M., & Babin, L. A. (2021). The Effectiveness of Brand Placements: A Meta-Analytic Synthesis. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 38(4), 1017–1033. CrossRef
go back to reference Baker, W. E. (1999). When Can Affective Conditioning and Mere Exposure Directly Influence Brand Choice? Journal of Advertising, 28(4), 31–46. CrossRef Baker, W. E. (1999). When Can Affective Conditioning and Mere Exposure Directly Influence Brand Choice? Journal of Advertising, 28(4), 31–46. CrossRef
go back to reference Baker, M. J. & Crawford, H. A. (1995). “Product Placement,” working paper no. 95(2). Department of Marketing, University of Strathclyde. Baker, M. J. & Crawford, H. A. (1995). “Product Placement,” working paper no. 95(2). Department of Marketing, University of Strathclyde.
go back to reference Balachander, S., & Ghose, S. (2003). Reciprocal Spillover Effects: A Strategic Benefit of Brand Extension. Journal of Marketing, 67(January), 4–14. CrossRef Balachander, S., & Ghose, S. (2003). Reciprocal Spillover Effects: A Strategic Benefit of Brand Extension. Journal of Marketing, 67(January), 4–14. CrossRef
go back to reference Balasubramanian, S. K. (1994). Beyond Advertising and Publicity: Hybrid Messages and Public Policy Issues. Journal of Advertising, 23(4), 29–46. CrossRef Balasubramanian, S. K. (1994). Beyond Advertising and Publicity: Hybrid Messages and Public Policy Issues. Journal of Advertising, 23(4), 29–46. CrossRef
go back to reference Balasubramanian, S. K., Karrh, M. J., Patwardhan, H. (2006). Audience Response to Product Placements: An Integrative Framework and Future Research Agenda. Journal of Advertising, 35(3), 115–141. Balasubramanian, S. K., Karrh, M. J., Patwardhan, H. (2006). Audience Response to Product Placements: An Integrative Framework and Future Research Agenda. Journal of Advertising, 35(3), 115–141.
go back to reference Balasubramanian, S. K., Patwardhan, H., Pillai, D., & Coker, K. K. (2014). Modeling Attitude Constructs in Movie Product Placements. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 23(7), 516–531. CrossRef Balasubramanian, S. K., Patwardhan, H., Pillai, D., & Coker, K. K. (2014). Modeling Attitude Constructs in Movie Product Placements. Journal of Product & Brand Management, 23(7), 516–531. CrossRef
go back to reference Batra, R., & Ray, M. L. (1986). Affective Responses Mediating Acceptance of Advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(September), 234–249. CrossRef Batra, R., & Ray, M. L. (1986). Affective Responses Mediating Acceptance of Advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 13(September), 234–249. CrossRef
go back to reference Batra, R., & Stayman, D. M. (1990). The Role of Mood in Advertising Effectiveness. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(2), 203–214. CrossRef Batra, R., & Stayman, D. M. (1990). The Role of Mood in Advertising Effectiveness. Journal of Consumer Research, 17(2), 203–214. CrossRef
go back to reference Bearden, W. O., Hardesty, D. M., & Rose, R. L. (2001). Consumer Self-Confidence: Refinements in Conceptualization and Measurement. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(June), 121–134. CrossRef Bearden, W. O., Hardesty, D. M., & Rose, R. L. (2001). Consumer Self-Confidence: Refinements in Conceptualization and Measurement. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(June), 121–134. CrossRef
go back to reference Bennett, M., Pecotich, A., & Putrevu, S. (1999). The Influence of Warnings on Product Placement. In Dubois Bernard, Lowry, Tina, Shrum, L. J., Venhuele, Marc (Eds.), European Advances in Consumer Research (vol. 4. 193–200). Association for Consumer Research. Bennett, M., Pecotich, A., & Putrevu, S. (1999). The Influence of Warnings on Product Placement. In Dubois Bernard, Lowry, Tina, Shrum, L. J., Venhuele, Marc (Eds.), European Advances in Consumer Research (vol. 4. 193–200). Association for Consumer Research.
go back to reference Berlyne, D. E. (1960). Conflict, Arousal, and Curiosity. McGraw-Hill Book Company. CrossRef Berlyne, D. E. (1960). Conflict, Arousal, and Curiosity. McGraw-Hill Book Company. CrossRef
go back to reference Bhatnagar, N., Aksoy, L., & Malkoc, S. (2004). Embedding Brands Within Media Content: The Impact of Message, Media, and Consumer Characteristics on Placement Efficiency. In L. J. Shrum (Ed.), The Psychology of Entertainment Media (pp. 99–116). Lawrence Erlbaum. Bhatnagar, N., Aksoy, L., & Malkoc, S. (2004). Embedding Brands Within Media Content: The Impact of Message, Media, and Consumer Characteristics on Placement Efficiency. In L. J. Shrum (Ed.), The Psychology of Entertainment Media (pp. 99–116). Lawrence Erlbaum.
go back to reference Bilandzic, H., & Busselle, R. (2006). Experiential Engagement in Filmic Narratives and Enjoyment: The Role of Transportation, Identification, and Perceived Realism. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Communication Association. Bilandzic, H., & Busselle, R. (2006). Experiential Engagement in Filmic Narratives and Enjoyment: The Role of Transportation, Identification, and Perceived Realism. Paper presented at the meeting of the International Communication Association.
go back to reference Boerman, S. C., van Reijmersdal, E. A., & Neijens, P. C. (2012). Sponsorship Disclosure: Effects of Duration on Persuasion Knowledge and Brand Responses. Journal of Communication, 62, 1047–1064. CrossRef Boerman, S. C., van Reijmersdal, E. A., & Neijens, P. C. (2012). Sponsorship Disclosure: Effects of Duration on Persuasion Knowledge and Brand Responses. Journal of Communication, 62, 1047–1064. CrossRef
go back to reference Boerman, S. C., van Reijmersdal, E. A., & Neijens, P. C. (2015). Using Eye-Tracking to Understand the Effects of Brand Displacement Disclosure Types in Television Programs. Journal of Advertising, 44(3), 196–207. CrossRef Boerman, S. C., van Reijmersdal, E. A., & Neijens, P. C. (2015). Using Eye-Tracking to Understand the Effects of Brand Displacement Disclosure Types in Television Programs. Journal of Advertising, 44(3), 196–207. CrossRef
go back to reference Boerman, S. C., Tessitore, T., & Müller, C. M. (2021). Long-Term Effects of Brand PlacementDisclosure on Persuasion Knowledge and Brand Responses. International Journal of Advertising, 40(1), 26–48. CrossRef Boerman, S. C., Tessitore, T., & Müller, C. M. (2021). Long-Term Effects of Brand PlacementDisclosure on Persuasion Knowledge and Brand Responses. International Journal of Advertising, 40(1), 26–48. CrossRef
go back to reference Brasel, S. A., & Gips, J. (2008). Breaking through Fast-Forwarding: Brand Information and Visual Attention. Journal of Marketing, 72(6), 31–48. CrossRef Brasel, S. A., & Gips, J. (2008). Breaking through Fast-Forwarding: Brand Information and Visual Attention. Journal of Marketing, 72(6), 31–48. CrossRef
go back to reference Brennan, I., & Babin, L. A. (2004). Brand Placement Recognition: The Influence of Presentation Mode and Brand Familiarity. Journal of Promotion Management, 10(1–2), 185–202. CrossRef Brennan, I., & Babin, L. A. (2004). Brand Placement Recognition: The Influence of Presentation Mode and Brand Familiarity. Journal of Promotion Management, 10(1–2), 185–202. CrossRef
go back to reference Brennan, I., Dubas, K. M., & Babin, L. A. (1999). The Influence of Product-Placement and Exposure Time on Product-Placement Recognition. International Journal of Advertising, 18(3), 323–337. CrossRef Brennan, I., Dubas, K. M., & Babin, L. A. (1999). The Influence of Product-Placement and Exposure Time on Product-Placement Recognition. International Journal of Advertising, 18(3), 323–337. CrossRef
go back to reference Bressoud, E., Lehu, J. M., & Russell, C. A. (2010). The Product Well Placed: The Relative Impact of Placement and Audience Characteristics on Placement Recall. Journal of Advertising Research, 50(4), 374–385. CrossRef Bressoud, E., Lehu, J. M., & Russell, C. A. (2010). The Product Well Placed: The Relative Impact of Placement and Audience Characteristics on Placement Recall. Journal of Advertising Research, 50(4), 374–385. CrossRef
go back to reference Brown, S. P., & Stayman, D. M. (1992). Antecedents and Consequences of Attitude Toward the Ad: A Meta Analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(June), 34–51. CrossRef Brown, S. P., & Stayman, D. M. (1992). Antecedents and Consequences of Attitude Toward the Ad: A Meta Analysis. Journal of Consumer Research, 19(June), 34–51. CrossRef
go back to reference Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The Need for Cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 116. CrossRef Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The Need for Cognition. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 42(1), 116. CrossRef
go back to reference Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The Efficient Assessment of Need for Cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 306–307. CrossRef Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The Efficient Assessment of Need for Cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48(3), 306–307. CrossRef
go back to reference Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., Feinstein, J. A., & Jarvis, W. B. G. (1996). Dispositional Differences in Cognitive Motivation: The Life and Times of Individuals Varying in Need for Cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 197–253. CrossRef Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., Feinstein, J. A., & Jarvis, W. B. G. (1996). Dispositional Differences in Cognitive Motivation: The Life and Times of Individuals Varying in Need for Cognition. Psychological Bulletin, 119(2), 197–253. CrossRef
go back to reference Campbell, M. C., Mohr, G. S., & Verlegh, P. W. J. (2013). Can Disclosures Lead Consumers to Resist Covert Persuasion? The Important Roles of Disclosure Timing and Type of Response. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 23(4), 483–495. CrossRef Campbell, M. C., Mohr, G. S., & Verlegh, P. W. J. (2013). Can Disclosures Lead Consumers to Resist Covert Persuasion? The Important Roles of Disclosure Timing and Type of Response. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 23(4), 483–495. CrossRef
go back to reference Chan, F. F. Y., Petrovici, D., & Lowe, B. (2016). Antecedents of Product Placement Effectiveness Across Cultures. International Marketing Review, 33(1), 5–24. CrossRef Chan, F. F. Y., Petrovici, D., & Lowe, B. (2016). Antecedents of Product Placement Effectiveness Across Cultures. International Marketing Review, 33(1), 5–24. CrossRef
go back to reference Cohen, A. R. (1957). Need for Cognition and Order of Communication as Determinants of Opinion Change. In C. I. Hovland (Ed.), The Order of Presentation in Persuasion (pp. 79–97). Yale University Press. Cohen, A. R. (1957). Need for Cognition and Order of Communication as Determinants of Opinion Change. In C. I. Hovland (Ed.), The Order of Presentation in Persuasion (pp. 79–97). Yale University Press.
go back to reference Cowley, E., & Barron, C. (2008). When Product Placement Goes Wrong: The Effects of Program Liking and Placement Prominence. Journal of Advertising, 37(1), 89–98. CrossRef Cowley, E., & Barron, C. (2008). When Product Placement Goes Wrong: The Effects of Program Liking and Placement Prominence. Journal of Advertising, 37(1), 89–98. CrossRef
go back to reference Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life. Basic Books. Csikszentmihalyi, M. (1997). Finding Flow: The Psychology of Engagement with Everyday Life. Basic Books.
go back to reference d’Astous, A., & Chartier, F. (2000). A Study of Factors Affecting Consumer Evaluations and Memory of Product Placements in Movies. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 22(2), 31–40. CrossRef d’Astous, A., & Chartier, F. (2000). A Study of Factors Affecting Consumer Evaluations and Memory of Product Placements in Movies. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 22(2), 31–40. CrossRef
go back to reference d’Astous, A., & Seguin, N. (1999). Consumer Reactions to Product Placement Strategies inTelevision Sponsorship. European Journal of Marketing, 33(9/10), 896–910. CrossRef d’Astous, A., & Seguin, N. (1999). Consumer Reactions to Product Placement Strategies inTelevision Sponsorship. European Journal of Marketing, 33(9/10), 896–910. CrossRef
go back to reference d’Hooge, S. C., Hudders, L., & Cauberghe, V. (2017). Direct Evaluative Conditioning in Brand Placement: The Impact of Scene Valence and Prominence on Brand Placement Repetition Effects. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 16, 452–462. CrossRef d’Hooge, S. C., Hudders, L., & Cauberghe, V. (2017). Direct Evaluative Conditioning in Brand Placement: The Impact of Scene Valence and Prominence on Brand Placement Repetition Effects. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 16, 452–462. CrossRef
go back to reference Dahl, D. W., Sengupta, J., & Vohs, K. D. (2009). Sex in Advertising: Gender Differences and the Role of Relationship Commitment. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(2), 215–231. CrossRef Dahl, D. W., Sengupta, J., & Vohs, K. D. (2009). Sex in Advertising: Gender Differences and the Role of Relationship Commitment. Journal of Consumer Research, 36(2), 215–231. CrossRef
go back to reference Dal Cin, S., Zanna, M. P., & Fong, G. T. (2004). Narrative Persuasion and Overcoming Resistance. In Knowles, E. S., Linn, J. A. (Eds.), Resistance and Persuasion (p. 175–91). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Dal Cin, S., Zanna, M. P., & Fong, G. T. (2004). Narrative Persuasion and Overcoming Resistance. In Knowles, E. S., Linn, J. A. (Eds.), Resistance and Persuasion (p. 175–91). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
go back to reference Davtyan, D., & Cunningham, I. (2017). An Investigation of Brand Placement Effects on Brand Attitudes and Purchase Intentions: Brand Placements Versus TV Commercials. Journal of Business Research, 70(January), 160–167. CrossRef Davtyan, D., & Cunningham, I. (2017). An Investigation of Brand Placement Effects on Brand Attitudes and Purchase Intentions: Brand Placements Versus TV Commercials. Journal of Business Research, 70(January), 160–167. CrossRef
go back to reference De Gregorio, F., & Sung, Y. (2010). Understanding Attitudes Toward and Behaviors in Response to Product Placement. Journal of Advertising, 39(1), 83–96. CrossRef De Gregorio, F., & Sung, Y. (2010). Understanding Attitudes Toward and Behaviors in Response to Product Placement. Journal of Advertising, 39(1), 83–96. CrossRef
go back to reference deLorme, D. E., & Reid, L. N. (1999). Moviegoers’ Experience and Interpretations of Brands inFilms Revisited. Journal of Advertising, 28(2), 71–95. CrossRef deLorme, D. E., & Reid, L. N. (1999). Moviegoers’ Experience and Interpretations of Brands inFilms Revisited. Journal of Advertising, 28(2), 71–95. CrossRef
go back to reference Dens, N., De Pelsmacker, P., Wouters, M., & Purnawirawan, N. (2012). Do You Like What You Recognize? Journal of Advertising, 41(3), 35–54. CrossRef Dens, N., De Pelsmacker, P., Wouters, M., & Purnawirawan, N. (2012). Do You Like What You Recognize? Journal of Advertising, 41(3), 35–54. CrossRef
go back to reference Diehl, K., Zauberman, G., & Barasch, A. (2016). How Taking Photos Increases the Enjoyment of Experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(2), 119–140. CrossRef Diehl, K., Zauberman, G., & Barasch, A. (2016). How Taking Photos Increases the Enjoyment of Experiences. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 111(2), 119–140. CrossRef
go back to reference Edell, J. A., & Burke, M. C. (1987). The Power of Feelings in Understanding Advertising Effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(December), 421–433. CrossRef Edell, J. A., & Burke, M. C. (1987). The Power of Feelings in Understanding Advertising Effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 14(December), 421–433. CrossRef
go back to reference Escalas, J. E. (2004). Imagine Yourself in the Product: Mental Simulation, Narrative Transportation, and Persuasion. Journal of Advertising, 33(2), 37–48. CrossRef Escalas, J. E. (2004). Imagine Yourself in the Product: Mental Simulation, Narrative Transportation, and Persuasion. Journal of Advertising, 33(2), 37–48. CrossRef
go back to reference Escalas, J. E. (2007). Self-Referencing and Persuasion: Narrative Transportation versus Analytical Elaboration. Journal of Consumer Research, 33(March), 421–429. CrossRef Escalas, J. E. (2007). Self-Referencing and Persuasion: Narrative Transportation versus Analytical Elaboration. Journal of Consumer Research, 33(March), 421–429. CrossRef
go back to reference Escalas, J. E., & Luce, M. F. (2004). Understanding the Effects of Process-Focused versus Outcome-Focused Thought in Response to Advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(2), 274–285. CrossRef Escalas, J. E., & Luce, M. F. (2004). Understanding the Effects of Process-Focused versus Outcome-Focused Thought in Response to Advertising. Journal of Consumer Research, 31(2), 274–285. CrossRef
go back to reference Fossen, B. L., & Schweidel, D. A. (2019). Social TV, Advertising, and Sales: Are Social Shows Good for Advertisers. Marketing Science, 38(2), 274–295. CrossRef Fossen, B. L., & Schweidel, D. A. (2019). Social TV, Advertising, and Sales: Are Social Shows Good for Advertisers. Marketing Science, 38(2), 274–295. CrossRef
go back to reference Fournier, S. & Dolan, R. J. (1997). Launching the BMW Z3 Roadster. Harvard Business School Publishing. Fournier, S. & Dolan, R. J. (1997). Launching the BMW Z3 Roadster. Harvard Business School Publishing.
go back to reference Friestad, M., & Wright, P. (1994). The Persuasion Knowledge Model: How People Cope with Persuasion Attempts. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(1), 1–31. CrossRef Friestad, M., & Wright, P. (1994). The Persuasion Knowledge Model: How People Cope with Persuasion Attempts. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(1), 1–31. CrossRef
go back to reference Gardner, M. P. (1985). Does Attitude Toward the Ad Affect Brand Attitude Under a Brand Evaluation Set? Journal of Marketing Research, 22(May), 192–198. CrossRef Gardner, M. P. (1985). Does Attitude Toward the Ad Affect Brand Attitude Under a Brand Evaluation Set? Journal of Marketing Research, 22(May), 192–198. CrossRef
go back to reference Gibson, B., Redker, C., & Zimmerman, I. (2014). Conscious and Nonconscious Effects of Product Placement: Brand Recall and Active Persuasion Knowledge Affect Brand Attitudes and Brand Self-Identification Differently. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(1), 19–37. CrossRef Gibson, B., Redker, C., & Zimmerman, I. (2014). Conscious and Nonconscious Effects of Product Placement: Brand Recall and Active Persuasion Knowledge Affect Brand Attitudes and Brand Self-Identification Differently. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(1), 19–37. CrossRef
go back to reference Golman, R., & Loewenstein, G. (2018). Information Gaps: A Theory of Preferences Regarding the Presence and Absence of Information. Decision, 5(3), 143–164. CrossRef Golman, R., & Loewenstein, G. (2018). Information Gaps: A Theory of Preferences Regarding the Presence and Absence of Information. Decision, 5(3), 143–164. CrossRef
go back to reference Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2000). The Role of Transportation in the Persuasiveness of Public Narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701. CrossRef Green, M. C., & Brock, T. C. (2000). The Role of Transportation in the Persuasiveness of Public Narratives. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(5), 701. CrossRef
go back to reference Green, M. C., Brock, T. C., & Kaufman, G. F. (2004). Understanding Media Enjoyment: The Role of Transportation into Narrative Worlds. Communication Theory, 14(4), 311–327. CrossRef Green, M. C., Brock, T. C., & Kaufman, G. F. (2004). Understanding Media Enjoyment: The Role of Transportation into Narrative Worlds. Communication Theory, 14(4), 311–327. CrossRef
go back to reference Gresham, L. G., & Shimp, T. A. (1985). Attitude Toward the Advertisement and Brand Attitudes: A Classical Conditioning Perspective. Journal of Advertising, 14(1), 10–49. CrossRef Gresham, L. G., & Shimp, T. A. (1985). Attitude Toward the Advertisement and Brand Attitudes: A Classical Conditioning Perspective. Journal of Advertising, 14(1), 10–49. CrossRef
go back to reference Gupta, P. B., & Lord, K. R. (1998). Product Placement in Movies: The Effect of Prominence and Mode on Audience Recall. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 20(1), 47–59. CrossRef Gupta, P. B., & Lord, K. R. (1998). Product Placement in Movies: The Effect of Prominence and Mode on Audience Recall. Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 20(1), 47–59. CrossRef
go back to reference Haugtvedt, C. P., Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1992). Need for Cognition and Advertising: Understanding the Role of Personality Variables in Consumer Behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 1(3), 239–260. CrossRef Haugtvedt, C. P., Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1992). Need for Cognition and Advertising: Understanding the Role of Personality Variables in Consumer Behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 1(3), 239–260. CrossRef
go back to reference Heppner, P. P., Reeder, B. L., & Larson, L. M. (1983). Cognitive Variables Associated with Personal Problem-Solving. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30(4), 537–545. CrossRef Heppner, P. P., Reeder, B. L., & Larson, L. M. (1983). Cognitive Variables Associated with Personal Problem-Solving. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 30(4), 537–545. CrossRef
go back to reference Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from Hedonic Experience and Engagement. Psychological Review, 113(3), 439–460. CrossRef Higgins, E. T. (2006). Value from Hedonic Experience and Engagement. Psychological Review, 113(3), 439–460. CrossRef
go back to reference Homer, P. M. (2009). Product Placements: The Impact of Placement Type and Repetition on Attitude. Journal of Advertising, 38(3), 21–32. CrossRef Homer, P. M. (2009). Product Placements: The Impact of Placement Type and Repetition on Attitude. Journal of Advertising, 38(3), 21–32. CrossRef
go back to reference Hong, S., Wang, Y. J., & De Los Santos, G. (2008). The Effective Product Placement: Finding Appropriate Methods and Contexts for Higher Brand Salience. Journal of PromotionManagement, 14(1/2), 103–120. Hong, S., Wang, Y. J., & De Los Santos, G. (2008). The Effective Product Placement: Finding Appropriate Methods and Contexts for Higher Brand Salience. Journal of PromotionManagement, 14(1/2), 103–120.
go back to reference Hsee, C. K., & Ruan, B. (2016). The Pandora Effect: The Power and Peril of Curiosity. Psychological Science, 27(5), 659–666. CrossRef Hsee, C. K., & Ruan, B. (2016). The Pandora Effect: The Power and Peril of Curiosity. Psychological Science, 27(5), 659–666. CrossRef
go back to reference Hsee, C. K. & Ruan, B. (2020). Curiosity and Its Implications for Consumer Behavior. In Continuing to Broaden the Marketing Concept. Review of Marketing Research (17, 223 – 39). Hsee, C. K. & Ruan, B. (2020). Curiosity and Its Implications for Consumer Behavior. In Continuing to Broaden the Marketing Concept. Review of Marketing Research (17, 223 – 39).
go back to reference Inventado, P. S., Legaspi, R., Numao, M., & Suarez, M. (2011). Observatory: A Tool for Recording, Annotating, and Reviewing Emotion-Related Data. In 2011 Third International Conference of Knowledge and Systems Engineering (pp. 261–65). Inventado, P. S., Legaspi, R., Numao, M., & Suarez, M. (2011). Observatory: A Tool for Recording, Annotating, and Reviewing Emotion-Related Data. In 2011 Third International Conference of Knowledge and Systems Engineering (pp. 261–65).
go back to reference Janiszewski, C. (1993). Preattentive Mere Exposure Effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(3), 376–392. CrossRef Janiszewski, C. (1993). Preattentive Mere Exposure Effects. Journal of Consumer Research, 20(3), 376–392. CrossRef
go back to reference Janssen, L., Fransen, M. L., Wulff, R., & van Reijmersdal, E. A. (2016). Brand Placement Disclosure Effects on Persuasion: The Moderating Role of Consumer Self-Control. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 15(6), 503–515. CrossRef Janssen, L., Fransen, M. L., Wulff, R., & van Reijmersdal, E. A. (2016). Brand Placement Disclosure Effects on Persuasion: The Moderating Role of Consumer Self-Control. Journal of Consumer Behavior, 15(6), 503–515. CrossRef
go back to reference Jin, C., & Villegas, J. (2007). The Effect of the Placement of the Product in Film: Consumers’ Emotional Responses to Humorous Stimuli and Prior Brand Evaluation. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 15, 244–255. CrossRef Jin, C., & Villegas, J. (2007). The Effect of the Placement of the Product in Film: Consumers’ Emotional Responses to Humorous Stimuli and Prior Brand Evaluation. Journal of Targeting, Measurement and Analysis for Marketing, 15, 244–255. CrossRef
go back to reference Karrh, J. A. (1994). Effects of Brand Placements in Feature Films. In: Whitehill King Karen (ed), Proceedings of the 1994 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising (90–6). American Academy of Advertising. Karrh, J. A. (1994). Effects of Brand Placements in Feature Films. In: Whitehill King Karen (ed), Proceedings of the 1994 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising (90–6). American Academy of Advertising.
go back to reference Karrh, J. H., Brittain McKee, K., & Pardun, C. J. (2003). Practitioners’ Evolving Views on Product Placement Effectiveness. Journal of Advertising Research, 43(2), 138–149. CrossRef Karrh, J. H., Brittain McKee, K., & Pardun, C. J. (2003). Practitioners’ Evolving Views on Product Placement Effectiveness. Journal of Advertising Research, 43(2), 138–149. CrossRef
go back to reference Kassarjian, H. H. (1978). Presidential Address, 1977: Anthropomorphism and Parsimony. In Hunt H. Keith (Ed.), Advances in Consumer Research (Vol. 5, xii–xiv). Association for Consumer Research. Kassarjian, H. H. (1978). Presidential Address, 1977: Anthropomorphism and Parsimony. In Hunt H. Keith (Ed.), Advances in Consumer Research (Vol. 5, xii–xiv). Association for Consumer Research.
go back to reference Khushaba, R. N., Wise, C., Kodagoda, S., Louviere, J., Kahn, B. E., & Townsend, C. (2013). Consumer Neuroscience: Assessing the Brain Response to Marketing Stimuli Using Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Eye Tracking. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(9), 3803–3812. CrossRef Khushaba, R. N., Wise, C., Kodagoda, S., Louviere, J., Kahn, B. E., & Townsend, C. (2013). Consumer Neuroscience: Assessing the Brain Response to Marketing Stimuli Using Electroencephalogram (EEG) and Eye Tracking. Expert Systems with Applications, 40(9), 3803–3812. CrossRef
go back to reference Kim, J., Lim, J., & Bhargava, M. (1998). The Role of Affect in Attitude Formation: A Classical Conditioning Approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26(2), 143–152. CrossRef Kim, J., Lim, J., & Bhargava, M. (1998). The Role of Affect in Attitude Formation: A Classical Conditioning Approach. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 26(2), 143–152. CrossRef
go back to reference Kivetz, R., & Simonson, I. (2000). The Effects of Incomplete Information on Consumer Choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 37(4), 427–448. CrossRef Kivetz, R., & Simonson, I. (2000). The Effects of Incomplete Information on Consumer Choice. Journal of Marketing Research, 37(4), 427–448. CrossRef
go back to reference Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Keplinger, C. (2006). Mystery Appeal: Effects of Uncertainty and Resolution on the Enjoyment of Mystery. Media Psychology, 8, 193–212. CrossRef Knobloch-Westerwick, S., & Keplinger, C. (2006). Mystery Appeal: Effects of Uncertainty and Resolution on the Enjoyment of Mystery. Media Psychology, 8, 193–212. CrossRef
go back to reference Kroeber-Riel, W. (1984). Emotional Product Differentiation by Classical Conditioning (with Consequences for the ‘Low-Involvement Hierarchy’). In T. C. Kinnear (ed.), NA-Advances in Consumer Research (vol. 11, pp. 538–543). Kroeber-Riel, W. (1984). Emotional Product Differentiation by Classical Conditioning (with Consequences for the ‘Low-Involvement Hierarchy’). In T. C. Kinnear (ed.), NA-Advances in Consumer Research (vol. 11, pp. 538–543).
go back to reference Larsson, P., Vӓstfjӓll, D., & Kleiner, M. (2001). The Actor-Observer Effect in Virutal Reality Presentations. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(2), 239–246. CrossRef Larsson, P., Vӓstfjӓll, D., & Kleiner, M. (2001). The Actor-Observer Effect in Virutal Reality Presentations. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 4(2), 239–246. CrossRef
go back to reference Law, S., & Braun, K. A. (2000). I’ll Have What She’s Having: Gauging the Impact of Product Placements on Viewers. Psychology & Marketing, 17(12), 1059–1075. CrossRef Law, S., & Braun, K. A. (2000). I’ll Have What She’s Having: Gauging the Impact of Product Placements on Viewers. Psychology & Marketing, 17(12), 1059–1075. CrossRef
go back to reference Law, S., & Braun-LaTour, K. A. (2004). Product Placements: How to Measure Their Impact. In L. J. Shrum (Ed.), The Psychology of Entertainment Media (pp. 63–78). Lawrence Erlbaum. Law, S., & Braun-LaTour, K. A. (2004). Product Placements: How to Measure Their Impact. In L. J. Shrum (Ed.), The Psychology of Entertainment Media (pp. 63–78). Lawrence Erlbaum.
go back to reference Lehu, J. M. (2007). Branded Entertainment: Product Placement & Brand Strategy in the Entertainment Business. Kogan Page Publishers. Lehu, J. M. (2007). Branded Entertainment: Product Placement & Brand Strategy in the Entertainment Business. Kogan Page Publishers.
go back to reference Lehu, J. M., & Bressoud, E. (2009). Recall of Brand Placement in Movies: Interactions Between Prominence and Plot Connection in Real Conditions of Exposure. Recherche Et Applications En Marketing, 24(1), 7–26. CrossRef Lehu, J. M., & Bressoud, E. (2009). Recall of Brand Placement in Movies: Interactions Between Prominence and Plot Connection in Real Conditions of Exposure. Recherche Et Applications En Marketing, 24(1), 7–26. CrossRef
go back to reference Litman, J. (2005). Curiosity and the Pleasure of Learning: Wanting and Liking New Information. Cognition and Emotion, 19(6), 793–814. CrossRef Litman, J. (2005). Curiosity and the Pleasure of Learning: Wanting and Liking New Information. Cognition and Emotion, 19(6), 793–814. CrossRef
go back to reference Loewenstein, G. (1994). The Psychology of Curiosity: A Review and Reinterpretation. Psychological Bulletin, 116(1), 75–98. CrossRef Loewenstein, G. (1994). The Psychology of Curiosity: A Review and Reinterpretation. Psychological Bulletin, 116(1), 75–98. CrossRef
go back to reference Lorenzon, K., & Russell, C. A. (2012). From Apathy to Ambivalence: How is Persuasion Knowledge Reflected in Consumers’ Comments About In-Game Advertising? Journal of Marketing Communications, 18(1), 55–67. CrossRef Lorenzon, K., & Russell, C. A. (2012). From Apathy to Ambivalence: How is Persuasion Knowledge Reflected in Consumers’ Comments About In-Game Advertising? Journal of Marketing Communications, 18(1), 55–67. CrossRef
go back to reference MacKenzie, S. B., Lutz, R. J., & Belch, G. E. (1986). The Role of Attitude Toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: A Test of Competing Explanations. Journal of Marketing Research, 23(May), 130–143. CrossRef MacKenzie, S. B., Lutz, R. J., & Belch, G. E. (1986). The Role of Attitude Toward the Ad as a Mediator of Advertising Effectiveness: A Test of Competing Explanations. Journal of Marketing Research, 23(May), 130–143. CrossRef
go back to reference MacLochlainn, S. (2019). Brand Displaced: Trademarking, Unmarking, and Making the Generic. Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 9(3), 498–513. CrossRef MacLochlainn, S. (2019). Brand Displaced: Trademarking, Unmarking, and Making the Generic. Journal of Ethnographic Theory, 9(3), 498–513. CrossRef
go back to reference Magiera, M. (1990). Disney Plugs Up New Film. Advertising Age, 61(15), 8. Magiera, M. (1990). Disney Plugs Up New Film. Advertising Age, 61(15), 8.
go back to reference Martin, B. A. S., Lang, B., & Wong, S. (2004). Conclusion Explicitness in Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 32(3), 57–65. Martin, B. A. S., Lang, B., & Wong, S. (2004). Conclusion Explicitness in Advertising. Journal of Advertising, 32(3), 57–65.
go back to reference Matthes, J., Schemer, C., & Wirth, W. (2007). More than Meets the Eye: Investigating the Hidden Impact of Brand Placements in Television Magazines. International Journal of Advertising, 26(4), 477–503. CrossRef Matthes, J., Schemer, C., & Wirth, W. (2007). More than Meets the Eye: Investigating the Hidden Impact of Brand Placements in Television Magazines. International Journal of Advertising, 26(4), 477–503. CrossRef
go back to reference Matthes, J., Wirth, W., Schemer, C., & Kissling, A.-K. (2011). I See What You Don’t See. Journal of Advertising, 40(4), 85–100. CrossRef Matthes, J., Wirth, W., Schemer, C., & Kissling, A.-K. (2011). I See What You Don’t See. Journal of Advertising, 40(4), 85–100. CrossRef
go back to reference Matthes, J., & Naderer, B. (2016). Product Placement Disclosures: Exploring the Moderating Effect of Placement Frequency on Brand Responses via Persuasion Knowledge. International Journal of Advertising, 35(2), 185–199. CrossRef Matthes, J., & Naderer, B. (2016). Product Placement Disclosures: Exploring the Moderating Effect of Placement Frequency on Brand Responses via Persuasion Knowledge. International Journal of Advertising, 35(2), 185–199. CrossRef
go back to reference McFerran, B., Dahl, D. W., Gorn, G. J., & Honea, H. (2010). Motivational Determinants of Transportation into Marketing Narratives. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(3), 306–316. CrossRef McFerran, B., Dahl, D. W., Gorn, G. J., & Honea, H. (2010). Motivational Determinants of Transportation into Marketing Narratives. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(3), 306–316. CrossRef
go back to reference Melnyk, V., Klein, K., & Vӧlckner, F. (2012). The Double-Edged Sword of Foreign Brand Names for Companies from Emerging Countries. Journal of Marketing, 76(6), 21–37. CrossRef Melnyk, V., Klein, K., & Vӧlckner, F. (2012). The Double-Edged Sword of Foreign Brand Names for Companies from Emerging Countries. Journal of Marketing, 76(6), 21–37. CrossRef
go back to reference Menon, S., & Soman, D. (2002). Managing the Power of Curiosity for Effective Web Advertising Strategies. Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 1–14. CrossRef Menon, S., & Soman, D. (2002). Managing the Power of Curiosity for Effective Web Advertising Strategies. Journal of Advertising, 31(3), 1–14. CrossRef
go back to reference Mitchell, T. A., & Nelson, M. R. (2018). Brand Placement in Emotional Scenes: Excitation Transfer or Direct Affect Transfer? Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 39(2), 206–219. CrossRef Mitchell, T. A., & Nelson, M. R. (2018). Brand Placement in Emotional Scenes: Excitation Transfer or Direct Affect Transfer? Journal of Current Issues & Research in Advertising, 39(2), 206–219. CrossRef
go back to reference Morton, C. R., & Friedman, M. (2002). ’I Saw It in the Movies’: Exploring the Link Between Product Placement Beliefs and Reported Usage Behavior. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 24(2), 33–40. CrossRef Morton, C. R., & Friedman, M. (2002). ’I Saw It in the Movies’: Exploring the Link Between Product Placement Beliefs and Reported Usage Behavior. Journal of Current Issues and Research in Advertising, 24(2), 33–40. CrossRef
go back to reference Naderer, B., Matthes, J., & Bintinger, S. (2020). It Is Just a Spoof: Spoof Placements and Their Impact on Conceptual Persuasion Knowledge, Brand Memory, and Brand Evaluation. International Journal of Advertising, 40(1), 106–123. CrossRef Naderer, B., Matthes, J., & Bintinger, S. (2020). It Is Just a Spoof: Spoof Placements and Their Impact on Conceptual Persuasion Knowledge, Brand Memory, and Brand Evaluation. International Journal of Advertising, 40(1), 106–123. CrossRef
go back to reference Natarajan, T., Balasubramaniam, S. A., Stephen, G., Jublee, D. I., & Kasilingam, D. L. (2018). The Influence of Audience Characteristics on the Effectiveness of Brand Placement Memory. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 44, 134–149. CrossRef Natarajan, T., Balasubramaniam, S. A., Stephen, G., Jublee, D. I., & Kasilingam, D. L. (2018). The Influence of Audience Characteristics on the Effectiveness of Brand Placement Memory. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 44, 134–149. CrossRef
go back to reference Nelson, M. R. (2002). Recall of Brand Placements in Computer/Video Games. Journal of Advertising Research, 42(March/April), 80–92. Nelson, M. R. (2002). Recall of Brand Placements in Computer/Video Games. Journal of Advertising Research, 42(March/April), 80–92.
go back to reference Nelson, M. R., Yaros, R. A., & Keum, H. (2006). Examining the Influence of Telepresence on Spectator and Player Processing of Real and Fictitious Brands in a Computer Game. Journal of Advertising, 35(4)), 87–99. Nelson, M. R., Yaros, R. A., & Keum, H. (2006). Examining the Influence of Telepresence on Spectator and Player Processing of Real and Fictitious Brands in a Computer Game. Journal of Advertising, 35(4)), 87–99.
go back to reference Nelson, L. D., & Meyvis, T. (2008). Interrupted Consumption: Disrupting Adaptation to Hedonic Experiences. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(December), 654–664. CrossRef Nelson, L. D., & Meyvis, T. (2008). Interrupted Consumption: Disrupting Adaptation to Hedonic Experiences. Journal of Marketing Research, 45(December), 654–664. CrossRef
go back to reference Nielsen, J. H., & Escalas, J. E. (2010). Easier Is Not Always Better: The Moderating Role of Processing Type on Preference Fluency. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(3), 295–305. CrossRef Nielsen, J. H., & Escalas, J. E. (2010). Easier Is Not Always Better: The Moderating Role of Processing Type on Preference Fluency. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 20(3), 295–305. CrossRef
go back to reference Obermiller, C., & Spangenberg, E. R. (1998). Development of a Scale to Measure Consumer Skepticism Toward Advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 7(2), 159–186. CrossRef Obermiller, C., & Spangenberg, E. R. (1998). Development of a Scale to Measure Consumer Skepticism Toward Advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 7(2), 159–186. CrossRef
go back to reference Olson, K., Camp, C., & Fuller, D. (1984). Curiosity and Need for Cognition. Psychological Reports, 54, 71–74. CrossRef Olson, K., Camp, C., & Fuller, D. (1984). Curiosity and Need for Cognition. Psychological Reports, 54, 71–74. CrossRef
go back to reference Ong, B. S., & Meri, D. (1995). Should Product Placement in Movies be Banned? Journal of Promotion Management, 2(3/4), 159–175. CrossRef Ong, B. S., & Meri, D. (1995). Should Product Placement in Movies be Banned? Journal of Promotion Management, 2(3/4), 159–175. CrossRef
go back to reference Peracchio, L. A., & Meyers-Levy, J. (1994). How Ambiguous Cropped Objects in Ad Photos Can Affect Product Evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(1), 190–204. CrossRef Peracchio, L. A., & Meyers-Levy, J. (1994). How Ambiguous Cropped Objects in Ad Photos Can Affect Product Evaluations. Journal of Consumer Research, 21(1), 190–204. CrossRef
go back to reference Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. Communication and Persuasion (pp. 1–24). Springer. CrossRef Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986). The Elaboration Likelihood Model of Persuasion. Communication and Persuasion (pp. 1–24). Springer. CrossRef
go back to reference Petty, R. E., & Jarvis, W. B. (1996). An Individual Differences Perspective on Assessing Cognitive Processes. In N. Schwarz & S. Sudman (Eds.), Answering Questions: Methodology for Determining Cognitive and Communicative Processes in Survey Research (pp. 221–257). Jossey-Bass. Petty, R. E., & Jarvis, W. B. (1996). An Individual Differences Perspective on Assessing Cognitive Processes. In N. Schwarz & S. Sudman (Eds.), Answering Questions: Methodology for Determining Cognitive and Communicative Processes in Survey Research (pp. 221–257). Jossey-Bass.
go back to reference Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, and Prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185–227. CrossRef Preacher, K. J., Rucker, D. D., & Hayes, A. F. (2007). Addressing Moderated Mediation Hypotheses: Theory, Methods, and Prescriptions. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 42(1), 185–227. CrossRef
go back to reference Redker, C., Gibson, B., & Zimmerman, I. (2013). Liking of Movie Genre Alters the Effectiveness of Background Product Placements. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 35(3), 249–255. CrossRef Redker, C., Gibson, B., & Zimmerman, I. (2013). Liking of Movie Genre Alters the Effectiveness of Background Product Placements. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 35(3), 249–255. CrossRef
go back to reference Redondo, I., Russell, C. A., & Bernal, J. (2018). To Brand or Not to Brand a Product Placement? Evidence from a Field Study of Two Influence Mechanisms of Positive Portrayals of Alcohol in Film. Drug and Alcohol Review, 37, S366–S374. CrossRef Redondo, I., Russell, C. A., & Bernal, J. (2018). To Brand or Not to Brand a Product Placement? Evidence from a Field Study of Two Influence Mechanisms of Positive Portrayals of Alcohol in Film. Drug and Alcohol Review, 37, S366–S374. CrossRef
go back to reference Richins, M. L. (1997). Measuring Emotions in the Consumption Experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(2), 127–146. CrossRef Richins, M. L. (1997). Measuring Emotions in the Consumption Experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 24(2), 127–146. CrossRef
go back to reference Roets, A., & Van Hiel, A. (2011). Item Selection and Validation of a Brief, 15-item Version of the Need for Closure Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(1), 90–94. CrossRef Roets, A., & Van Hiel, A. (2011). Item Selection and Validation of a Brief, 15-item Version of the Need for Closure Scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 50(1), 90–94. CrossRef
go back to reference Rosenbaum, J. E., & Johnson, B. K. (2016). Who’s Afraid of Spoilers? Need for Cognition, Need for Affect, and Narrative Selection and Enjoyment. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5(3), 273–289. CrossRef Rosenbaum, J. E., & Johnson, B. K. (2016). Who’s Afraid of Spoilers? Need for Cognition, Need for Affect, and Narrative Selection and Enjoyment. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 5(3), 273–289. CrossRef
go back to reference Ruan, B., Hsee, C. L., & Lu, Z. Y. (2018). The Teasing Effect: An Underappreciated Benefit of Creating and Resolving Uncertainty. Journal of Marketing Research, 55(4), 556–570. CrossRef Ruan, B., Hsee, C. L., & Lu, Z. Y. (2018). The Teasing Effect: An Underappreciated Benefit of Creating and Resolving Uncertainty. Journal of Marketing Research, 55(4), 556–570. CrossRef
go back to reference Russell, C. A. (1998). Toward a Framework of Product Placement: Theoretical Propositions. In Alba, Joseph W. & Hutchinson, J. Wesley (Eds.), NA-Advances in Consumer Research (Vol. 25, p. 357 – 362). Association for Consumer Research. Russell, C. A. (1998). Toward a Framework of Product Placement: Theoretical Propositions. In Alba, Joseph W. & Hutchinson, J. Wesley (Eds.), NA-Advances in Consumer Research (Vol. 25, p. 357 – 362). Association for Consumer Research.
go back to reference Russell, C. A. (2002). Investigating the Effectiveness of Product Placements in Television Shows: The Role of Modality and Plot Connection Congruence on Brand Memory and Attitude. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(3), 306–318. CrossRef Russell, C. A. (2002). Investigating the Effectiveness of Product Placements in Television Shows: The Role of Modality and Plot Connection Congruence on Brand Memory and Attitude. Journal of Consumer Research, 29(3), 306–318. CrossRef
go back to reference Russell, C. A., & Belch, M. (2005). A Managerial Investigation into the Product Placement Industry. Journal of Advertising Research, 45(1), 73–92. CrossRef Russell, C. A., & Belch, M. (2005). A Managerial Investigation into the Product Placement Industry. Journal of Advertising Research, 45(1), 73–92. CrossRef
go back to reference Russell, C. A., & Stern, B. B. (2006). Consumers, Characters, and Products: A Balance Model of Sitcom Product Placement Effects. Journal of Advertising, 35(1), 7–21. CrossRef Russell, C. A., & Stern, B. B. (2006). Consumers, Characters, and Products: A Balance Model of Sitcom Product Placement Effects. Journal of Advertising, 35(1), 7–21. CrossRef
go back to reference Russell, C. A., Russell, D., Morales, A., & Lehu, J.-M. (2017). Hedonic Contamination of Entertainment: How Exposure to Advertising in Movies and Television Taints Subsequent Entertainment Experiences. Journal of Advertising Research, 57(1), 38–52. CrossRef Russell, C. A., Russell, D., Morales, A., & Lehu, J.-M. (2017). Hedonic Contamination of Entertainment: How Exposure to Advertising in Movies and Television Taints Subsequent Entertainment Experiences. Journal of Advertising Research, 57(1), 38–52. CrossRef
go back to reference Sabherwal, S., Pokrywczynski, J., & Griffin, R. (1994). Brand Recall for Product Placements in Motion Pictures: A Memory-Based Perspective. Working paper presented to Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Atlanta, GA. Sabherwal, S., Pokrywczynski, J., & Griffin, R. (1994). Brand Recall for Product Placements in Motion Pictures: A Memory-Based Perspective. Working paper presented to Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Atlanta, GA.
go back to reference Sawyer, A. G. (2006). Possible Psychological Processes Underlying the Effectiveness of Brand Placements. International Journal of Advertising, 25(1), 110–111. Sawyer, A. G. (2006). Possible Psychological Processes Underlying the Effectiveness of Brand Placements. International Journal of Advertising, 25(1), 110–111.
go back to reference Scott, J., & Craig-Lees, M. (2010). Audience Engagement and Its Effects on Product Placement Recognition. Journal of Promotion Management, 16(1/2), 39–58. CrossRef Scott, J., & Craig-Lees, M. (2010). Audience Engagement and Its Effects on Product Placement Recognition. Journal of Promotion Management, 16(1/2), 39–58. CrossRef
go back to reference Sengupta, J., & Dahl, D. W. (2008). Gender-Related Reactions to Gratuitous Sex Appeals in Advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 18(1), 62–78. CrossRef Sengupta, J., & Dahl, D. W. (2008). Gender-Related Reactions to Gratuitous Sex Appeals in Advertising. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 18(1), 62–78. CrossRef
go back to reference Sengupta, J., & Gorn, G. J. (2002). Absence Makes the Mind Grow Sharper: Effects of Element Omission on Subsequent Recall. Journal of Marketing Research, 39(2), 186–201. CrossRef Sengupta, J., & Gorn, G. J. (2002). Absence Makes the Mind Grow Sharper: Effects of Element Omission on Subsequent Recall. Journal of Marketing Research, 39(2), 186–201. CrossRef
go back to reference Slater, M. D., & Rouner, D. (2002). Entertainment—Education and Elaboration Likelihood: Understanding the Processing of Narrative Persuasion. Communication Theory, 12(2), 173–191. Slater, M. D., & Rouner, D. (2002). Entertainment—Education and Elaboration Likelihood: Understanding the Processing of Narrative Persuasion. Communication Theory, 12(2), 173–191.
go back to reference Schnurr, B., Fuchs, C., Maira, E., Puntoni, S., Schreier, M., & van Osselaer, S. M. (2022). Sales and Self: The Noneconomic Value of Selling the Fruits of One’s Labor. Journal of Marketing., 86(3), 40–58. CrossRef Schnurr, B., Fuchs, C., Maira, E., Puntoni, S., Schreier, M., & van Osselaer, S. M. (2022). Sales and Self: The Noneconomic Value of Selling the Fruits of One’s Labor. Journal of Marketing., 86(3), 40–58. CrossRef
go back to reference Spencer, S. J., Zanna, M. P., & Fong, G. T. (2005). Establishing a Causal Chain: Why Experiments Are Often More Effective than Mediational Analyses in Examining Psychological Processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 845. CrossRef Spencer, S. J., Zanna, M. P., & Fong, G. T. (2005). Establishing a Causal Chain: Why Experiments Are Often More Effective than Mediational Analyses in Examining Psychological Processes. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89(6), 845. CrossRef
go back to reference Steortz, E. M. (1987). “The Cost Efficiency and Communication Effects Associated with Brand Name Exposure within Motion Pictures,” Doctoral Dissertation, West Virginia University. Steortz, E. M. (1987). “The Cost Efficiency and Communication Effects Associated with Brand Name Exposure within Motion Pictures,” Doctoral Dissertation, West Virginia University.
go back to reference Storm, B. C., & Stoller, E. (2015). Exposure to Product Placement in Text can Influence Consumer Judgments. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29(1), 20–31. CrossRef Storm, B. C., & Stoller, E. (2015). Exposure to Product Placement in Text can Influence Consumer Judgments. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 29(1), 20–31. CrossRef
go back to reference Tessitore, T., & Geuens, M. (2013). PP for ‘Product Placement’ of ‘Puzzled Public’? The Effectiveness of Symbols as Warnings of Product Placement and the Moderating Role of Brand Recall. International Journal of Advertising, 32(3), 419–442. CrossRef Tessitore, T., & Geuens, M. (2013). PP for ‘Product Placement’ of ‘Puzzled Public’? The Effectiveness of Symbols as Warnings of Product Placement and the Moderating Role of Brand Recall. International Journal of Advertising, 32(3), 419–442. CrossRef
go back to reference Tsai, M., Liang, W., & Liu, M. (2007). The Effects of Subliminal Advertising on Consumer Attitudes and Buying Intentions. International Journal of Management, (24(1), 3–14. Tsai, M., Liang, W., & Liu, M. (2007). The Effects of Subliminal Advertising on Consumer Attitudes and Buying Intentions. International Journal of Management, (24(1), 3–14.
go back to reference van Reijmersdal, E. A., Neijens, P. C., & Smit, E. G. (2007). Effects of Television Brand Placement on Brand Image. Psychology & Marketing, 24(5), 403–420. CrossRef van Reijmersdal, E. A., Neijens, P. C., & Smit, E. G. (2007). Effects of Television Brand Placement on Brand Image. Psychology & Marketing, 24(5), 403–420. CrossRef
go back to reference van Reijmersdal, E., Neijens, P., & Smit, E. G. (2009). A New Brand of Advertising: Reviewing Factors that Influence Reactions to Product Placement. Journal of Advertising Research, 49(4), 429–449. CrossRef van Reijmersdal, E., Neijens, P., & Smit, E. G. (2009). A New Brand of Advertising: Reviewing Factors that Influence Reactions to Product Placement. Journal of Advertising Research, 49(4), 429–449. CrossRef
go back to reference van Reijmersdal, E. A., Jansz, J., Peters, O., & van Noort, G. (2010). The Effects of Interactive Brand Placements in Online Games on Children’s Cognitive, Affective, and Conative Brand Responses. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1787–1794. CrossRef van Reijmersdal, E. A., Jansz, J., Peters, O., & van Noort, G. (2010). The Effects of Interactive Brand Placements in Online Games on Children’s Cognitive, Affective, and Conative Brand Responses. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1787–1794. CrossRef
go back to reference van Reijmersdal, Tutaj, K., & Boerman, S. C. (2013). The Effects of Brand Placement Disclosures on Skepticism and Brand Memory. Communications, 38(2), 127–46. van Reijmersdal, Tutaj, K., & Boerman, S. C. (2013). The Effects of Brand Placement Disclosures on Skepticism and Brand Memory. Communications, 38(2), 127–46.
go back to reference van Reijmersdal, Boerman, S. C., Buijzen, M., & Rozendaal, E. (2017). This is Advertising! Effects of Disclosing Television Brand Placements on Adolescents. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 46, 328–42. van Reijmersdal, Boerman, S. C., Buijzen, M., & Rozendaal, E. (2017). This is Advertising! Effects of Disclosing Television Brand Placements on Adolescents. Journal of Youth Adolescence, 46, 328–42.
go back to reference Vollmers, S. M. & Mizerski, R. W. (1994). A Review and Investigation into the Effectiveness of Product Placement in Films. in Whitehill King, Karen (ed.), The Proceedings of the 1994 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising (91–102). Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia. Vollmers, S. M. & Mizerski, R. W. (1994). A Review and Investigation into the Effectiveness of Product Placement in Films. in Whitehill King, Karen (ed.), The Proceedings of the 1994 Conference of the American Academy of Advertising (91–102). Henry W. Grady College of Journalism and Mass Communication, University of Georgia.
go back to reference Walker, D. and Dubilsky, T. M. (1994). Why Liking Matters. Journal of Advertising Research, 34(May/June), 9–18. Walker, D. and Dubilsky, T. M. (1994). Why Liking Matters. Journal of Advertising Research, 34(May/June), 9–18.
go back to reference Weaver, D. T., & Oliver, M. B. (2000). Television Programs and Advertising: Measuring the Effectiveness of Product Placement within Seinfeld. Working paper presented to The Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Acapulco, Mexico. Weaver, D. T., & Oliver, M. B. (2000). Television Programs and Advertising: Measuring the Effectiveness of Product Placement within Seinfeld. Working paper presented to The Annual Conference of the International Communication Association, Acapulco, Mexico.
go back to reference Wei, M.-L., Fischer, E., & Main, K. J. (2008). An Examination of the Effect of Activating Persuasion Knowledge on Consumer Responses to Brands Engaging in Covert Marketing. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 27(1), 34–44. CrossRef Wei, M.-L., Fischer, E., & Main, K. J. (2008). An Examination of the Effect of Activating Persuasion Knowledge on Consumer Responses to Brands Engaging in Covert Marketing. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing, 27(1), 34–44. CrossRef
go back to reference Williams, N. S., McArthur, G. M., de Wit, B., Ibrahim, G., & Badcock, N. A. (2020). A Validation of Emotiv EPOC Flex Saline for EEG and ERP Research. PeerJ, 8, e9713. CrossRef Williams, N. S., McArthur, G. M., de Wit, B., Ibrahim, G., & Badcock, N. A. (2020). A Validation of Emotiv EPOC Flex Saline for EEG and ERP Research. PeerJ, 8, e9713. CrossRef
go back to reference Witmer, B. G., & Singer, M. J. (1998). Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire. Presence, 7(3), 225–240. CrossRef Witmer, B. G., & Singer, M. J. (1998). Measuring Presence in Virtual Environments: A Presence Questionnaire. Presence, 7(3), 225–240. CrossRef
go back to reference Wright, P. (2002). Marketplace Metacognition and Social Intelligence. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(4), 677–682. CrossRef Wright, P. (2002). Marketplace Metacognition and Social Intelligence. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(4), 677–682. CrossRef
go back to reference Yang, M., & Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R. (2007). The Effectiveness of Brand Placements in the Movies: Levels of Placements, Explicit and Implicit Memory, and Brand-Choice Behavior. Journal of Communication, 57(3), 469–489. CrossRef Yang, M., & Roskos-Ewoldsen, D. R. (2007). The Effectiveness of Brand Placements in the Movies: Levels of Placements, Explicit and Implicit Memory, and Brand-Choice Behavior. Journal of Communication, 57(3), 469–489. CrossRef
go back to reference Zillmann, D. (1991). The Logic of Suspense and Mystery. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Responding to the Screen: Reception and Reaction Processes (pp. 281–303). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc. Zillmann, D. (1991). The Logic of Suspense and Mystery. In J. Bryant & D. Zillmann (Eds.), Responding to the Screen: Reception and Reaction Processes (pp. 281–303). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
Metadata
Title
The brand that wasn’t there: The impact of brand displacement on viewer engagement and brand attitude
Authors
Kirk Kristofferson
Lea Dunn
Publication date
07-10-2022
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science / Issue 3/2023
Print ISSN: 0092-0703
Electronic ISSN: 1552-7824
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-022-00901-7

Other articles of this Issue 3/2023

Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science 3/2023 Go to the issue