9. The European Union’s Soft Power in Africa: Model or Placebo?

The European Union’s soft power in Africa is a complex and multifaceted issue, as explored in this chapter. The EU’s image as a normative actor and civilian power has led to significant engagement with Africa, particularly through the Africa–EU Strategic Partnership. The EU enjoys considerable soft power in areas like peace and security, where the African Union regularly commends its efforts. However, divergent perspectives on human rights and differing cultural values pose challenges. The chapter delves into the EU’s efforts in democracy promotion, foreign aid policy, and its role as a model for African regional organizations. Despite these initiatives, the EU faces constraints such as negative perceptions of its COVID-19 vaccine diplomacy and the new scramble for Africa involving other great powers. The chapter argues that while the EU aims to be a model, it often functions more as a placebo, highlighting the complexities and limitations of its soft power in Africa.