3. The Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV)—An Overview

The environmental impact created by automobiles is becoming a social issue day by day. To overcome these issues and save the future from worse alternative technologies like hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and electric vehicle (EV) are required and introduced in the automobile industry. EV helps us to attain a 100-percentage clean in service. But it has infrastructure limitations and short-driving-range problems. To overcome this, we are in need of a hybrid system. HEV is a beautiful substitute for the traditional internal combustion (IC) engine-based vehicle system and reduces the problems caused by emission. It provides a suitable solution in the aspect of infrastructural limitation and reduction in operating costs. As the name suggests, HEV is a combination of IC engine vehicle and electric vehicle. Whereas IC engine vehicle runs on gasoline product and electric vehicle runs by an electric motor. Also, In HEV, the electric motor is connected with a battery pack which is rechargeable for electric motorized driving. At the same time, HEV uses both engines to increase the power and torque or depending upon the driving type, rely on anyone. This paper discusses the recent advancement of HEV, various factors involving, the challenges and the state-of-the-art solutions by automobile industries and academicians in manufacturing.