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2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

The Influence of Base Fluid and Graphene Nanoparticles Concentration on Surface Integrity of SAE 52100 Steel After Grinding

Authors : Raphael Lima de Paiva, Déborah de Oliveira, Rosemar Batista da Silva

Published in: ABCM Series on Mechanical Sciences and Engineering

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

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Abstract

This chapter delves into the critical role of cutting fluids and graphene nanoparticles in enhancing surface integrity during the grinding of SAE 52100 steel. It compares the performance of two commercially available cutting fluids and evaluates the impact of varying nanoparticle concentrations on surface roughness and microhardness. The study highlights the importance of nanoparticle dispersion in reducing thermal damage and improving overall surface finish, while also noting the challenges posed by nanoparticle agglomeration at higher concentrations. The findings offer valuable insights into optimizing grinding processes for high-carbon steels, contributing to the development of more sustainable and efficient machining techniques.

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Abstract

Grinding is known as a high specific energy process, in which most of it is transformed into heat and conducted to the workpiece. Thus, the use of cutting fluid is indispensable to attenuate or avoid the occurrence of thermal damage. However, concerning human health and the environment, as well as economic aspects and the search for more sustainable processes, strategies that reduce cutting fluid usage such as the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique have gained prominence. This technique uses a low quantity of cutting fluid, which is directed to the cutting zone with compressed air. Nevertheless, although the MQL technique has shown promising results in comparison to dry grinding and flood technique for different materials, the use of nanofluids has been showing great potential to improve the MQL technique, since the presence of nanoparticles tends to improve lubrication and cooling capacities of the base fluid. In this sense, this work aims to evaluate the influence of the type of base fluid and nanoparticles concentration on the surface integrity of SAE 52100 hardened steel after grinding with graphene-based nanofluids applied with the MQL technique. Two different base fluids were tested: a semi-synthetic vegetable base and a synthetic one. The graphene was added to the base fluids at two different concentrations: 0.025 wt.% and 0.075 wt.%. Grinding trials using the base fluids only (without nanoparticles) were also performed for comparison purposes. The surface integrity of the workpiece after grinding was analyzed in terms of surface finish and microhardness below the machined surface. The results showed that the nanofluid’s efficiency in reducing the surface roughness of the ground surface was strongly influenced by the base fluid and graphene concentration: best results were found after grinding with a combination between semi-synthetic fluid and the lowest graphene concentration (0.025 wt.%). Additionally, the presence of graphene in the cutting fluid attenuated the occurrence of thermal damage in terms of microhardness reduction; for the highest nanoparticles concentration (0.075 wt.%), such reductions were only 1% and 3% after grinding with semi-synthetic and synthetic fluid, respectively.

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Title: The Influence of Base Fluid and Graphene Nanoparticles Concentration on Surface Integrity of SAE 52100 Steel After Grinding
Authors: Raphael Lima de Paiva
Déborah de Oliveira
Rosemar Batista da Silva
Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland
Book: ABCM Series on Mechanical Sciences and Engineering
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-43554-6

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-43555-3

Copyright Year: 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-43555-3_19

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