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Published in:
2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
4. The Influence of Various Factors on Crowd Behavior
Author : Machi Zawidzki
Published in: Discrete Optimization in Architecture
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Abstract
This chapter presents a number of experiments performed in Crowd-Z (CZ). The objective is to investigate the influence of various factors on the collective behavior of the crowd. These factors include: the type of metric & neighborhood, agents’ perkiness and type of tessellation. The robustness of models based on different tessellations are examined by grid rotation. Three platonic tessellations, that is: hexagonal, triangular and square are compared. Two experiments based on the literature are presented:
1.
The egress of 200 agents from a square room (SRE) in grid rotated by: \(0^{\circ }\), \(15^{\circ }\), \(30^{\circ }\), and \(45^{\circ }\).
2.
The one-directional flow (ODF) in grid rotated by: \(15^{\circ }\), \(18.434\ldots ^{\circ }\), \(26.565\ldots ^{\circ }\), \(30^{\circ }\), and \(45^{\circ }\).
The basic CZ setup is used for the experiments: the crowds are homogeneous, and the agents’ walking speed is unitary and constant. The qualitative analysis is based in heat maps. The quantitative analysis is based on density-flow rate and evacuation time diagrams.