Skip to main content
Top

2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

The Legendre Transformation in Modern Optimization

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The Legendre transform (LET) is a product of a general duality principle: any smooth curve is, on the one hand, a locus of pairs, which satisfy the given equation and, on the other hand, an envelope of a family of its tangent lines.
An application of the LET to a strictly convex and smooth function leads to the Legendre identity (LEID). For strictly convex and three times differentiable function the LET leads to the Legendre invariant (LEINV).
Although the LET has been known for more then 200 years both the LEID and the LEINV are critical in modern optimization theory and methods.
The purpose of the paper is to show the role of the LEID and the LEINV play in both constrained and unconstrained optimization.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Alber, M., Reemtsen, R.: Intensity modulated radiotherapy treatment planning by use of a barrier-penalty multiplier method. Optim. Methods Softw. 22 (3), 391–411 (2007)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Alber, M., Reemtsen, R.: Intensity modulated radiotherapy treatment planning by use of a barrier-penalty multiplier method. Optim. Methods Softw. 22 (3), 391–411 (2007)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
2.
go back to reference Antipin, A.S.: Methods of Nonlinear Programming Based on the Direct and Dual Augmentation of the Lagrangian. VNIISI, Moscow (1979) Antipin, A.S.: Methods of Nonlinear Programming Based on the Direct and Dual Augmentation of the Lagrangian. VNIISI, Moscow (1979)
3.
go back to reference Auslender, R., Cominetti, R., Haddou, M.: Asymptotic analysis for penalty and barrier methods in convex and linear programming. Math. Oper. Res. 22 (1), 43–62 (1997)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Auslender, R., Cominetti, R., Haddou, M.: Asymptotic analysis for penalty and barrier methods in convex and linear programming. Math. Oper. Res. 22 (1), 43–62 (1997)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
4.
go back to reference Bauschke, H., Matouskova, E., Reich, S.: Projection and proximal point methods, convergence results and counterexamples. Nonlinear Anal. 56 (5), 715–738 (2004)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Bauschke, H., Matouskova, E., Reich, S.: Projection and proximal point methods, convergence results and counterexamples. Nonlinear Anal. 56 (5), 715–738 (2004)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
5.
go back to reference Ben-Tal, A., Nemirovski, A.: Optimal design of engineering structures. Optima 47, 4–9 (1995) Ben-Tal, A., Nemirovski, A.: Optimal design of engineering structures. Optima 47, 4–9 (1995)
7.
go back to reference Bertsekas, D.: Constrained Optimization and Lagrange Multiplier Methods. Academic Press, New York (1982)MATH Bertsekas, D.: Constrained Optimization and Lagrange Multiplier Methods. Academic Press, New York (1982)MATH
8.
go back to reference Bregman, L.: The relaxation method for finding the common point of convex sets and its application to the solution of problems in convex programming. USSR Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 7, 200–217 (1967)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Bregman, L.: The relaxation method for finding the common point of convex sets and its application to the solution of problems in convex programming. USSR Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 7, 200–217 (1967)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
9.
go back to reference Bregman, L., Censor, Y., Reich, S.: Dykstra algorithm as the nonlinear extension of Bregman’s optimization method. J. Convex Anal. 6 (2), 319–333 (1999)MathSciNetMATH Bregman, L., Censor, Y., Reich, S.: Dykstra algorithm as the nonlinear extension of Bregman’s optimization method. J. Convex Anal. 6 (2), 319–333 (1999)MathSciNetMATH
10.
go back to reference Breitfeld, M., Shanno, D.: Computational experience with modified log-barrier methods for nonlinear programming. Ann. Oper. Res. 62, 439–464 (1996)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Breitfeld, M., Shanno, D.: Computational experience with modified log-barrier methods for nonlinear programming. Ann. Oper. Res. 62, 439–464 (1996)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
11.
go back to reference Byrne, C., Censor, Y.: Proximity function minimization using multiple Bregman projections with application to split feasibility and Kullback-Leibler distance minimization. Ann. Oper. Res. 105, 77–98 (2001)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Byrne, C., Censor, Y.: Proximity function minimization using multiple Bregman projections with application to split feasibility and Kullback-Leibler distance minimization. Ann. Oper. Res. 105, 77–98 (2001)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
12.
go back to reference Carroll, C.: The created response surface technique for optimizing nonlinear-restrained systems. Oper. Res. 9 (2), 169–184 (1961)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Carroll, C.: The created response surface technique for optimizing nonlinear-restrained systems. Oper. Res. 9 (2), 169–184 (1961)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
13.
14.
go back to reference Chen, C., Mangasarian, O.L.: Smoothing methods for convex inequalities and linear complementarity problems. Math. Program. 71, 51–69 (1995)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Chen, C., Mangasarian, O.L.: Smoothing methods for convex inequalities and linear complementarity problems. Math. Program. 71, 51–69 (1995)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
15.
go back to reference Chen, G., Teboulle, M.: Convergence analysis of a proximal-like minimization algorithm using Bregman functions. SIAM J. Optim. 3 (4), 538–543 (1993)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Chen, G., Teboulle, M.: Convergence analysis of a proximal-like minimization algorithm using Bregman functions. SIAM J. Optim. 3 (4), 538–543 (1993)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
16.
go back to reference Courant, R.: Variational methods for the solution of problems of equilibrium and vibrations. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 49, 1–23 (1943)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Courant, R.: Variational methods for the solution of problems of equilibrium and vibrations. Bull. Am. Math. Soc. 49, 1–23 (1943)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
17.
go back to reference Daube-Witherspoon, M., Muehllehner, G.: An iterative space reconstruction algorithm suitable for volume ECT. IEEE Trans. Med Imaging 5, 61–66 (1986)CrossRef Daube-Witherspoon, M., Muehllehner, G.: An iterative space reconstruction algorithm suitable for volume ECT. IEEE Trans. Med Imaging 5, 61–66 (1986)CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Dikin, I.: Iterative solutions of linear and quadratic programming problems. Sov. Math. Dokl. 8, 674–675 (1967)MATH Dikin, I.: Iterative solutions of linear and quadratic programming problems. Sov. Math. Dokl. 8, 674–675 (1967)MATH
19.
go back to reference Eckstein, J.: Nonlinear proximal point algorithms using Bregman functions with applications to convex programming. Math. Oper. Res. 18 (1), 202–226 (1993)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Eckstein, J.: Nonlinear proximal point algorithms using Bregman functions with applications to convex programming. Math. Oper. Res. 18 (1), 202–226 (1993)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
21.
go back to reference Ekeland, I.: Legendre duality in nonconvex optimization and calculus of variations. SIAM J. Control. Optim. 16 (6), 905–934 (1977)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Ekeland, I.: Legendre duality in nonconvex optimization and calculus of variations. SIAM J. Control. Optim. 16 (6), 905–934 (1977)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
22.
go back to reference Fiacco, A., Mc Cormick, G.: Nonlinear Programming, Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Techniques. SIAM, Philadelphia (1990)CrossRef Fiacco, A., Mc Cormick, G.: Nonlinear Programming, Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Techniques. SIAM, Philadelphia (1990)CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Frisch, K.: The logarithmic potential method for convex programming. Memorandum of May 13 1955, University Institute of Economics, Oslo (1955) Frisch, K.: The logarithmic potential method for convex programming. Memorandum of May 13 1955, University Institute of Economics, Oslo (1955)
24.
go back to reference Goldshtein, E., Tretiakov, N.: Modified Lagrangian Functions. Nauka, Moscow (1989) Goldshtein, E., Tretiakov, N.: Modified Lagrangian Functions. Nauka, Moscow (1989)
25.
go back to reference Griva, I., Polyak, R.: Primal-dual nonlinear rescaling method with dynamic scaling parameter update. Math. Program. Ser. A 106, 237–259 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Griva, I., Polyak, R.: Primal-dual nonlinear rescaling method with dynamic scaling parameter update. Math. Program. Ser. A 106, 237–259 (2006)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
26.
go back to reference Griva, I., Polyak, R.: Proximal point nonlinear rescaling method for convex optimization. Numer. Algebra Control Optim. 1 (3), 283–299 (2013)MathSciNetMATH Griva, I., Polyak, R.: Proximal point nonlinear rescaling method for convex optimization. Numer. Algebra Control Optim. 1 (3), 283–299 (2013)MathSciNetMATH
27.
29.
30.
go back to reference Ioffe, A., Tichomirov, V.: Duality of convex functions and extremum problems. Uspexi Mat. Nauk 23 (6)(144), 51–116 (1968) Ioffe, A., Tichomirov, V.: Duality of convex functions and extremum problems. Uspexi Mat. Nauk 23 (6)(144), 51–116 (1968)
31.
go back to reference Jensen, D., Polyak, R.: The convergence of a modify barrier method for convex programming. IBM J. Res. Dev. 38 (3), 307–321 (1999)CrossRefMATH Jensen, D., Polyak, R.: The convergence of a modify barrier method for convex programming. IBM J. Res. Dev. 38 (3), 307–321 (1999)CrossRefMATH
32.
go back to reference Kocvara, M., Stingl, M.: PENNON. A code for convex nonlinear and semidefinite programming. Optim. Methods Softw. 18 (3), 317–333 (2003)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Kocvara, M., Stingl, M.: PENNON. A code for convex nonlinear and semidefinite programming. Optim. Methods Softw. 18 (3), 317–333 (2003)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
33.
go back to reference Kocvara, M., Stingl, M.: Recent progress in the NLP-SDP code PENNON. In: Workshop Optimization and Applications, Oberwalfach (2005) Kocvara, M., Stingl, M.: Recent progress in the NLP-SDP code PENNON. In: Workshop Optimization and Applications, Oberwalfach (2005)
34.
go back to reference Kocvara, M., Stingl, M.: On the solution of large-scale SDP problems by the modified barrier method using iterative solver. Math. Program. Ser. B 109, 413–444 (2007)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Kocvara, M., Stingl, M.: On the solution of large-scale SDP problems by the modified barrier method using iterative solver. Math. Program. Ser. B 109, 413–444 (2007)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
35.
go back to reference Martinet, B.: Regularization d’inequations variationelles par approximations successive. Rev. Fr. Inf. Res. Ofer 4 (R3), 154–159 (1970)MathSciNetMATH Martinet, B.: Regularization d’inequations variationelles par approximations successive. Rev. Fr. Inf. Res. Ofer 4 (R3), 154–159 (1970)MathSciNetMATH
36.
go back to reference Martinet, B.: Determination approachee d’un point fixe d’une application pseudo-contractante. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 274 (2), 163–165 (1972) Martinet, B.: Determination approachee d’un point fixe d’une application pseudo-contractante. C.R. Acad. Sci. Paris 274 (2), 163–165 (1972)
37.
go back to reference Matioli, L., Gonzaga, C.: A new family of penalties for augmented Lagrangian methods. Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 15, 925–944 (2008)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Matioli, L., Gonzaga, C.: A new family of penalties for augmented Lagrangian methods. Numer. Linear Algebra Appl. 15, 925–944 (2008)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
39.
go back to reference Moreau, J.: Proximite et dualite dans un espace Hilbertien. Bull. Soc. Math. France 93, 273–299 (1965)MathSciNetMATH Moreau, J.: Proximite et dualite dans un espace Hilbertien. Bull. Soc. Math. France 93, 273–299 (1965)MathSciNetMATH
40.
go back to reference Motzkin, T.: New techniques for linear inequalities and optimization. In: project SCOOP, Symposium on Linear Inequalities and Programming, Planning Research Division, Director of Management Analysis Service, U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C., no. 10, (1952) Motzkin, T.: New techniques for linear inequalities and optimization. In: project SCOOP, Symposium on Linear Inequalities and Programming, Planning Research Division, Director of Management Analysis Service, U.S. Air Force, Washington, D.C., no. 10, (1952)
41.
go back to reference Nash, S., Polyak, R., Sofer, A.: A numerical comparison of barrier and modified barrier method for large scale bound-constrained optimization. In: Hager, W., Hearn, D., Pardalos, P. (eds.) Large Scale Optimization, State of the Art, pp. 319–338. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1994)CrossRef Nash, S., Polyak, R., Sofer, A.: A numerical comparison of barrier and modified barrier method for large scale bound-constrained optimization. In: Hager, W., Hearn, D., Pardalos, P. (eds.) Large Scale Optimization, State of the Art, pp. 319–338. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1994)CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Nesterov, Yu., Nemirovsky, A.: Interior Point Polynomial Algorithms in Convex Programming. SIAM, Philadelphia (1994)CrossRef Nesterov, Yu., Nemirovsky, A.: Interior Point Polynomial Algorithms in Convex Programming. SIAM, Philadelphia (1994)CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Nesterov, Yu.: Introductory Lectures on Convex Optimization. Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA (2004)CrossRefMATH Nesterov, Yu.: Introductory Lectures on Convex Optimization. Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA (2004)CrossRefMATH
44.
go back to reference Polyak, B.: Iterative methods using lagrange multipliers for solving extremal problems with constraints of the equation type. Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 10 (5), 42–52 (1970)MathSciNetCrossRef Polyak, B.: Iterative methods using lagrange multipliers for solving extremal problems with constraints of the equation type. Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 10 (5), 42–52 (1970)MathSciNetCrossRef
45.
go back to reference Polyak, B.: Introduction to Optimization. Optimization Software, New York (1987)MATH Polyak, B.: Introduction to Optimization. Optimization Software, New York (1987)MATH
48.
go back to reference Polyak, R.: Nonlinear rescaling vs. smoothing technique in convex optimization. Math. Program. 92, 197–235 (2002)MathSciNet Polyak, R.: Nonlinear rescaling vs. smoothing technique in convex optimization. Math. Program. 92, 197–235 (2002)MathSciNet
49.
go back to reference Polyak, R.: Lagrangian transformation and interior ellipsoid methods in convex optimization. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 163 (3), 966–992 (2015)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Polyak, R.: Lagrangian transformation and interior ellipsoid methods in convex optimization. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 163 (3), 966–992 (2015)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
50.
go back to reference Polyak, R., Teboulle, M.: Nonlinear rescaling and proximal-like methods in convex optimization. Math. Program. 76, 265–284 (1997)MathSciNetMATH Polyak, R., Teboulle, M.: Nonlinear rescaling and proximal-like methods in convex optimization. Math. Program. 76, 265–284 (1997)MathSciNetMATH
51.
go back to reference Polyak, B., Tret’yakov, N.: The method of penalty estimates for conditional extremum problems. Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 13 (1), 42–58 (1973)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Polyak, B., Tret’yakov, N.: The method of penalty estimates for conditional extremum problems. Comput. Math. Math. Phys. 13 (1), 42–58 (1973)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
52.
go back to reference Powell, M.J.D.: A method for nonlinear constraints in minimization problems. In: Fletcher (ed.) Optimization, pp. 283–298. Academic Press, London (1969) Powell, M.J.D.: A method for nonlinear constraints in minimization problems. In: Fletcher (ed.) Optimization, pp. 283–298. Academic Press, London (1969)
53.
go back to reference Powell, M.: Some convergence properties of the modified log barrier methods for linear programming. SIAM J. Optim. 50 (4), 695–739 (1995)CrossRefMATH Powell, M.: Some convergence properties of the modified log barrier methods for linear programming. SIAM J. Optim. 50 (4), 695–739 (1995)CrossRefMATH
54.
go back to reference Ray, A., Majumder, S.: Derivation of some new distributions in statistical mechanics using maximum entropy approach. Yugosl. J. Oper. Res. 24 (1), 145–155 (2014)MathSciNetCrossRef Ray, A., Majumder, S.: Derivation of some new distributions in statistical mechanics using maximum entropy approach. Yugosl. J. Oper. Res. 24 (1), 145–155 (2014)MathSciNetCrossRef
55.
go back to reference Reich, S., Sabach, S.: Two strong convergence theorems for a proximal method in reflexive Banach spaces. Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. 31, 22–44 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Reich, S., Sabach, S.: Two strong convergence theorems for a proximal method in reflexive Banach spaces. Numer. Funct. Anal. Optim. 31, 22–44 (2010)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
56.
go back to reference Rockafellar, R.T.: A dual approach to solving nonlinear programming problems by unconstrained minimization. Math. Program. 5, 354–373 (1973)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Rockafellar, R.T.: A dual approach to solving nonlinear programming problems by unconstrained minimization. Math. Program. 5, 354–373 (1973)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
57.
go back to reference Rockafellar, R.T.: Augmented Lagrangians and applications of the proximal points algorithms in convex programming. Math. Oper. Res. 1, 97–116 (1976)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Rockafellar, R.T.: Augmented Lagrangians and applications of the proximal points algorithms in convex programming. Math. Oper. Res. 1, 97–116 (1976)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
59.
60.
go back to reference Tikhonov, A.N.: Solution of incorrectly formulated problems and the regularization method. Sov. Math. (Translated) 4, 1035–1038 (1963) Tikhonov, A.N.: Solution of incorrectly formulated problems and the regularization method. Sov. Math. (Translated) 4, 1035–1038 (1963)
61.
go back to reference Tseng, P., Bertsekas, D.: On the convergence of the exponential multipliers method for convex programming. Math. Program. 60, 1–19 (1993)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH Tseng, P., Bertsekas, D.: On the convergence of the exponential multipliers method for convex programming. Math. Program. 60, 1–19 (1993)MathSciNetCrossRefMATH
62.
Metadata
Title
The Legendre Transformation in Modern Optimization
Author
Roman A. Polyak
Copyright Year
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-42056-1_15