The Materials Science of Modern Technical Superconducting Materials

1.

B. T. Matthias, T. H. Geballe, S. Geller, and E. Corenzwit, “Superconductivity of Nb₃Sn,” Phys. Rev. 95, 1435 (1954).CrossRef

2.

B. T. Matthias, M. Marezio, E. Corenzwit, A. S. Cooper, and H. E. Barz, “High-temperature superconductors, the first ternary system,” Science 175, 1465–1466 (1972).CrossRef

3.

A. F. Hebard, M. J. Rosseinsky, R. C. Haddon, D. W. Murphy, S. H. Glarum, T. T. M. Palstra, A. P. Ramirez, and A. R. Kortan, “Superconductivity at 18 K in potassium-doped C₆₀,” Nature 350, 600–601 (1991).CrossRef

4.

K. Holczer, O. Klein, G. Grüner, J. D. Thompson, F. Diederich, and R. Whetten, “Critical magnetic fields in the superconducting state of K₃C_60,, Rhys. Rev. Lett. 67, 271–274 (1991).CrossRef

5.

V. Buntar, M. Riccò, L. Cristofolini, H. W. Weber, and F. Bolzoni, “Critical fields of the superconducting fullerene RbCs₂C_60,, Phys. Rev. B: Condens. Matter 52 (6), 4432–4437 (1995).CrossRef

6.

J. Xing, Sh. Li, X. Ding, H. Yang, and H.-H. Wen, “Superconductivity appears in the vicinity of semiconducting-like behavior in CeO_{1 – x}F_xBiS₂,” Phys. Rev. B 86 (21), 214518 (2012).CrossRef

7.

J. C. Bednorz and K. A. Müller, “Possible High T_c Superconductivity in the Ba–La–Cu–O system,” Condens. Matter 64, 189–193 (1986).

8.

N. Nakagawa, T. Muranaka, Y. Zenitani, and J. Akimitsu, “Superconductivity at 39 K in magnesium diboride,” Nature, 410, 63–64 (2001).CrossRef

9.

Z. A. Ren, J. Yang, W. Lu, W. Yi, X. L. Shen, Z. C. Li, G. C. Che, X. L. Dong, L. L. Sun, F. Zhou, and Z. X. Zhao, “Superconductivity in the iron-based F-doped layered quaternary compound Nd[O_{1 – x}F_x]FeAs,” Europhys. Lett. 82 (5), 57002 (2008).CrossRef

10.

C. Wang, L. J. Li, S. Chi, Z. W. Zhu, Z. Ren, Y. K. Li, Y. T. Wang, X. Lin, Y. K. Luo, S. A. Jiang, X. F. Xu, G. H. Cao, and Z. A. Xu, “Thorium-doping-induced superconductivity up to 56 K in Gd_{1 – x}Th_xFeAsO,” Europhys. Lett. 83 (6), 67006 (2008).CrossRef

11.

F. C. Hsu, J. Y. Luo, K. W. Yeh, T. K. Chen, T. W. Huang, P. M. Wu, Y. C. Lee, Y. L. Huang, Y. Y. Chu, D. C. Yan, and M. K. Wu, “Superconductivity in the PbO-type structure α-FeSe,” Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 105 (38), 14262–14264 (2008).CrossRef

12.

Ch. Yao and Y. Ma, “Superconducting materials: challenges and opportunities for large-scale applications,” iScince 24 (6), 102541 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2021.102541

13.

M. Parizh, Y. Lvovsky, and M. Sumption, “Conductors for commercial MRI magnets beyond NbTi: requirements and challenges,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30 (1), 014007 (2016).CrossRef

14.

Y. Iwasa, “Towards liquid-helium-free, persistent-mode MgB₂ MRI magnets: FBML experience,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30, 053001 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa5fedCrossRef

15.

Y. Öztürk, B. Shen, R. Williams, J. Gawith, J. Yang, J. Ma, A. Carpenter, and T. Coombs, “Current status in building a compact and mobile HTS MRI instrument,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 31 (5), 4400405 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2021.3068305CrossRef

16.

Ch. Yukai, T. Jingyu, W. Lijiao, Zh. Linhao, Y. Jianquan, and X. Qingjin, “SPPC Status,” HK IAS HEP Conference (2019).

17.

X. Qingjin, “High field superconducting magnet program for accelerators in China,” 10th International Particle Accelerator Conference (Melbourne, Australia, 2019).

18.

L. R. Motowidlo and G. M. Ozeryansky, “A new PIT Nb₃Sn conductor for high magnetic field applications,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 18 (2), 1001–1004 (2008).CrossRef

19.

M. Brown, C. Tarantini, W. Starch, W. Oates, P. J. Lee, and D. C. Larbalestier, “Correlation of filament distortion and RRR degradation in drawn and rolled PIT and RRP Nb₃Sn wires,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 29, 084008 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/29/8/084008

20.

H. Kurahashi, K. Itoh, S. Matsumoto, T. Kiyoshi, H. Wada, Y. Murakami, H. Yasunaka, S. Hayashi, and Y. Otani, “Effect of third-element additions on the upper critical field of bronze-processed Nb₃Sn,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15 (2), 3385–3388 (2005).CrossRef

21.

A. Shikov, A. Nikulin, V. Pantsyrnyi, A. Vorobieva, G. Vedernikov, A. Silaev, E. Dergunova, S. Soudiev, and I. Akimov, “Russian superconducting materials for magnet systems of fusion reactors,” J. Nucl. Mater. 283–287, Part 2, 968–972 (2000).CrossRef

22.

L. V. Potanina, A. K. Shikov, G. P. Vedernikov, A. E. Vorobieva, V. I. Pantsyrnyi, I. N. Gubkin, A. G. Sylaev, E. I. Plashkin, E. A. Dergunova, and S. V. Soudjev, “Recent progress of low temperature superconducting materials at Bochvar Institute,” Phys. C 386 (15), 390–393 (2003).CrossRef

23.

X. Xu, M. D. Sumption, and E. W. Collings, “A model for phase evolution and volume expansion in tube type Nb₃Sn conductors,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 26, 125006 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/26/12/125006CrossRef

24.

W. L. Neijmeijer and B. H. Kolster, “The ternary-system Nb–Sn–Cu at 675°C,” Int. J. Mater. Res. 78 (10), 730–737 (1987).CrossRef

25.

B. E. Vishal Ryan Nazareth, “Characterization of the interdiffusion microstructure A15 layer growth and stoichiometry in tube-type Nb₃Sn composites,” A Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for The Degree of Master of Science in the Graduate School of the Ohio State University, 2008, p. 92.

26.

E. A. Dergunova, I. A. Karateev, A. L. Vasil’ev, K. A. Mareev, M. O. Kurilkin, A. S. Tsapleva, I. M. Abdyukhanov, M. V. Alekseev, and A. V. Lomov, “Study of the specific features of kinetics formation and structure of the superconducting Nb₃Sn phase in technical superconductors,” Crystallogr. Rep. 64 (2), 252–259 (2019).CrossRef

27.

E. Yu. Klimenko, V. S. Kruglov, N. N. Martovetskii, I. V. Moskalenko, S. I. Novikov, N. A. Chernoplekov, V. P. Kosenko, V. E. Kutnii, V. V. Pronevich, P. I. Slobodchikov, V. F. Gogulya, I. I. Davydov, I. B. Kalinin, V. A. Kovaleva, A. D. Nikulin, V. Ya. Fil’kin, V. V. Shestakov, A. K. Shikov, G. G. Arzumanyan, G. P. Kazanchyan, and V. A. Kazarov, “Superconducting wire for toroidal magnet T-15,” Atomn. Energiya 63, 248–251 (1987).

28.

R. Flükiger, D. Uglietti, C. Senatore, and F. Buta, “Microstructure, composition and critical current density of superconducting Nb₃Sn wires,” Cryogenics 48, 293–307 (2008).CrossRef

29.

V. Pantsyrny, A. Shikov, and A. Vorobieva, “Nb₃Sn material development in Russia,” Cryogenics 48, 354–370 (2008).CrossRef

30.

A. Shikov, V. Pantsyrny, A. Vorobieva, E. Dergunova, L. Vogdaev, N. Kozlenkova, K. Mareev, V. Tronza, V. Sytnikov, A. Taran, and A. Rychagov, “Development of the bronze strand of TF Conductor sample for testing in SULTAN facility,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 (3), 1466–1469 (2009).CrossRef

31.

I. M. Abdyukhanov and N. V. Konovalova, “Study of the microstructure and mechanical properties of bronze with an increased to 16 wt. % content of Sn used for Nb₃Sn superconductors,” Vopr. Atomn. Nauki Tekhniki. Materialoved. Nov. Mater., No. 3, 15–25 (2019).

32.

D. V. Kudashov, H. R. Muller, and R. Zauter, “Macro and micro structure of spray formed tin_bronze,” in Continuous Casting: Proceedings of the International Conference on Continuous Casting of Non-Ferrous Metals (Wiley–VCH, Weinheim, 2006), pp. 256–264.

33.

I. L. Deryagina, E. N. Popova, S. V. Sudareva, E. P. Romanov, L. V. Elokhina, E. A. Dergunova, A. E. Vorob’eva, and I. M. Abdyukhanov, “Structure of a titanium-alloyed high-tin bronze obtained by the osprey method,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 110, 162–174 (2010).CrossRef

34.

E. Barzi, N. Andreev, P. Li, V. Lombardo, D. Turrioni, and A. V. Zlobin, “Nb₃Sn RRP strand and Rutherford cable development for a 15 T dipole demonstrator,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 26 (4), 4804305 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2016.2535963CrossRef

35.

A. S. Tsapleva, A. E. Vorob’eva, I. M. Abdyukhanov, E. A. Dergunova, K. A. Mareev, and M. N. Nasibulin, “Study of Nb3Sn superconductors for strong magnetic fields,” Vopr. Atomn. Nauki Tekhniki. Materialoved. Nov. Mater., No. 2, 16–24 (2014).

36.

A. Ballarino and L. Bottura, “Targets for R&D on Nb₃Sn conductor for high energy physics,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 25 (3), 6000906 (2015).CrossRef

37.

M. Suenaga, D. O. Welch, R. L. Sabatini, O. F. Kramer, and S. Okuda, “Superconducting critical temperatures, critical magnetic fields, lattice parameters, and chemical compositions of ‘‘bulk’’ pure and alloyed Nb₃Sn produced by the bronze process,” J. Appl. Phys. 59 (3), 840 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.336607CrossRef

38.

M. Suenaga, S. Okuda, R. Sabatini, K. Itoh, and T. S. Luhman, “Superconducting properties of (Nb,Ti)₃Sn wires fabricated by the bronze process,” in Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, Ed. by R. P. Reed and A. F. Clark (Plenum, New York, 1982), vol. 28, p. 379.

39.

A. K. Shikov, V. I. Panstsyrnyi, A. V. Vorob’eva, E. A. Dergunova, S. V. Sud’ev, K. A. Mareev, N. A. Belyakov, I. M. Abdyukhanov, and V. V. Sergeev, “Microstructure and properties of Nb₃Sn superconductors for international thermonuclear experimental reactor,” Met. Sci. Heat Treat. 46 (11–12), 504–513 (2004).CrossRef

40.

I. M. Abdyukhanov, A. E. Vorobyeva, N. A. Beliakov, E. Dergunova, K. Mareev, V. Lomaev, N. V. Tractirnikova, R. Aliev, and A. Shikov, “Production of Nb₃Sn bronze route strands with high critical current and their study,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 22 (3), 6000404 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2012.2187320CrossRef

41.

I. L. Deryagina, E. N. Popova, E. P. Romanov, E. A. Dergunova, A. E. Vorobyeva, and S. M. Balaev, “Evolution of the nanocrystalline structure of Nb₃Sn superconducting layers upon two-stage annealing of Nb/Cu-Sn composites alloyed with titanium,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 113 (4), 391–405 (2012).CrossRef

42.

E. Dergunova, A. Vorobyeva, I. Abdyukhanov, K. Mareev, and S. Balaev, “The study of Nb₃Sn phase content and structure dependence on the way of Ti doping in superconductorsby bronze route,” Phys. Proc. 36, 1510–1515 (2015).

43.

E. Gregory, B. A. Zeitlin, M. Tomsic, T. Pyon, M. D. Sumption, E. W. Collings, E. Barzi, D. R. Dietderich, R. M. Scanlan, A. A. Polyanskii, and P. J. Lee, “Attempts to reduce a.c. losses in high current density internal-tin Nb₃Sn,” AIP Conf. Proc. 711, 789 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1774643CrossRef

44.

R. K. Dhaka, Sn and Ti Diffusion, Phase Formation, Stoichiometry, and Superconducting Properties of Internal—Sn-Type Nb₃Sn Conductors (Ohio State University, 2007).

45.

J. Parrell, The (Challenges to) Industrialization of HEP-Grade Nb ₃ Sn and BSCCO-2212 (Oxford Superconducting Technology, Carteret, 2014).

46.

M. Suenaga, K. Aihara, K. Kaiho, and T. S. Luchman, Superconducting Properties of (Nb,Ta) ₃ Sn Wires Fabricated by the Bronze Process (Rep. BNL – 29391, 1979), p. 19.

47.

J. Parrell, Y. Zhang, M. Field, M. Meinesz, Y. Huang, H. Miao, S. Hong, N. Cheggour, and L. Goodrich, “Internal tin Nb₃Sn conductors engineered for Fusion and Particle Accelerator Applications,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 (3), 2573–2579 (2009).CrossRef

48.

Abächerli V., Uglietti D., “The influence of Ti doping methods on the high field performance of (Nb,Ta,Ti)₃Sn multifilamentary wires using Osprey bronze,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15, 3482–3485 (2005).CrossRef

49.

V. Abächerli and F. Butaiet, “Investigation on the effect of Ta additions on J_c and n of (Nb, Ti)₃Sn bronze processed multifilamentary wires at high magnetic Fields,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17, 2564–2567 (2007).CrossRef

50.

I. M. Abdyukhanov, V. I. Pantsyrny, A. G. Silaev, A. S. Tsapleva, N. V. Konovalova, M. Alekseev, E. Dergunova, K. Mareev, M. Nasibulin, V. Drobyshev, M. Kravtsova, P. A. Lykianov, and M. Krylova, “Study of the superconducting layer microstructure and structure (Nb,Ti,Ta)₃Sn bronze trands properties,” IOP Conf. Ser.: J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1293, 012040 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1293/1/012040

51.

M. B. Field, Y. Zhang, H. Miao, M. Gerace, and J. A. Parrell, “Optimizing Nb₃Sn conductors for high field applications,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 24 (3), 6001105 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2013.2285314CrossRef

52.

X. Wu, X. Peng, M. D. Sumption, M. Tomsic, E. Gregory, and E. W. Collings, “Ti and Sn diffusion and its influence on phase formation in internal-tin Nb₃Sn superconductor strands,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15 (2), 3399–3402 (2005).CrossRef

53.

S. M. Heald, Ch. Tarantini, P. J. Lee, M. D. Brown, ZuH. Sung, A. K. Ghosh, and D. C. Larbalestier, “Evidence from EXAFS for different Ta/Ti site occupancy in high critical current density Nb₃Sn superconductor wires,” Sci. Rep. 8, 4798 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-22924-3CrossRef

54.

N. Banno, Y. Miyamoto, and K. Tachikawa, “Multifilamentary Nb₃Sn wires fabricated through internal diffusion process using brass matrix,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 26 (3), 6001504 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2016.2531123CrossRef

55.

N. Banno, Y. Miyamoto, Zh. Yu, T. Morita, Ts. Yagai, Sh. Nimori, and K. Tachikawa, “Effects of element addition into Cu matrix for IT-processed Nb₃Sn wires,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 28 (4), 6000905 (2018).CrossRef

56.

T. Spina, A. Ballarino, L. Bottura, Ch. Scheuerlein, and R. Flukiger, “Artificial pinning in Nb₃Sn wires,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 27 (4), 8001205 (2017).CrossRef

57.

D. R. Dietderich, M. Kelman, J. R. Litty, and R. M. Scanlan, “High critical current densities in Nb₃Sn films with engineered microstructures – artificial pinning microstructures,” ICMC '97 (Portland, 1997).

58.

L. E. Rumaner, M. G. Benz, and E. L. Hall, “The role of oxygen and zirconium in the formation and growth of Nb₃Sn grains,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A 25, 213–219 (1994).CrossRef

59.

B. A. Zeitlin, E. Gregory, J. Marte, M. Benz, T. Pyon, R. Scanlan, and D. Dietderich, “Results on mono element internal tin Nb₃Sn conductors (MEIT) with Nb_7.5Ta and Nb(1Zr + Ox) filaments,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15 (2), 3393–3368 (2005).CrossRef

60.

X. Xu, M. D. Sumption, and X. Peng, “Internally oxidized Nb₃Sn strands with fine grain size and high critical current density,” Adv. Mater. 27, 1346–1350 (2015).CrossRef

61.

X. Xu, X. Peng, and M. Sumption, Patent No. WO/2015/175064 (US2015/016431) (2015).

62.

X. Xu, X. Peng, M. Sumption, and E. W. Collings, “Recent progress in application of internal oxidation technique in Nb₃Sn strands,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 27 (4), 6000105 (2015).

63.

I. M. Abdyukhanov, A. S. Tsapleva, N. V. Konovalova, P. A. Luk’yanov, I. I. Savel’ev, M. V. Alekseev, and D. S. Novosilova, “Influence of zirconium doping on microstructure of the superconducting layer and electro-physical properties of Nb₃Sn superconductors,” Vopr. Atomn. Nauki Tekhniki. Materialoved. Nov. Mater. No. 1, 12–21 (2020).

64.

X. Xu, J. Rochester, X. Peng, M. Sumption, and M. Tomsic, “Ternary Nb₃Sn superconductors with artificial pinning centers and high upper critical fields,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32, 02LT01 (2019).

65.

Sh. Balachandran, Ch. Tarantini, P. J. Lee, and F. Kametani, Y-F. Su, B. Walker, W. L. Starch, and D. C. Larbalestier, “Beneficial influence of Hf and Zr additions to Nb 4 at % Ta on the vortex pinning of Nb₃Sn with and without an O source,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32 (4), 044006 (2019).CrossRef

66.

V. A. Al’tov, “Nb₃Sn multifilamentary wires and tapes for high-field magnetic systems,” Adv. Cryogen. Eng. 42, 521–1487 (1997).

67.

N. I. Kozlenkova, I. I. Akimov, D. N. Rakov, and A. K. Shikov, “Multifilamentary conductors based on Bi-2212 HTS-compound,” Proc. Int. Conf. Magnet Technology (MT-15) (Science Press, 1998), pp. 1064–1066.

68.

A. K. Shikov, D. B. Gusakov, D. N. Rakov, V. A. Vargin, I. I. Akimov, E. V. Kotova, M. I. Medvedev, and V. S. Kruglov, “The influence of processing conditions on the structure and critical properties of Bi-2223 composite tapes,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 15 (2), 2466–2469 (2005).CrossRef

69.

T. P. Krinitsina, E. I. Kuznetsova, D. V. Surnin, Yu. V. Blinova, S. V. Sudareva, E. P. Romanov, D. N. Rakov, and Yu. N. Belotelova, “Structure and critical currents of multiple-filament composite superconductors Bi,Pb-2223/Ag,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 110, 42–51 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0031918X10070069CrossRef

70.

A. S. Nikiforov, A. D. Nikulin, V. Ya. Fil’kin, N. V. Shishkov, I. I. Davydov, A. K. Shikov, E. V. Antipova, N. A. Chernoplekov, and E. Yu. Klimenko “ Composite conductors based on superconducting compounds La–sr–Cu–O and Y–Ba–Cu–O, “Atomnaya Energiya 62, 421–422 (1987).

71.

A. Goyal, M. P. Paranthaman, and U. Schoop, “The RABiTS approach: Using rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates for high-performance YBCO superconductors,” MRS Bull. 29 (8), 552–561 (2004).CrossRef

72.

M. W. Rupich, X. Li, S. Sathyamurthy, C. L. H. Thieme, K. DeMoranville, J. Gannon, and S. Fleshler, “Second generation wire development at AMSC,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 23 (3), 6601205 (2013).CrossRef

73.

V. Selvamanickam, Y. Xie, J. Reeves, and Y. Chen, “MOCVD-based YBCO-coated conductors,” MRS Bull. 29, 579–582 (2004).CrossRef

74.

N. Kashima, T. Niwa, S. Nagaya, K. Onabe, T. Saito, T. Muroga, S. Miyata, T. Watanabe, and Y. Yamada, “Long tape processing for coated conductors by multiple-stage CVD method,” Phys. C 412–414, Part 2, 944–947 (2004).CrossRef

75.

Y. Ma, “Present status of development of superconducting materials in China,” Supercond. News Forum (SNF), No. 39 (2017).

76.

A. Usoskin, A. Freyhardt, and C. Herbert, “YBCO-coated conductors manufactured by high-rate pulsed laser deposition,” MRS Bull. 29 (8), 583–589 (2004).CrossRef

77.

https://www.fujikura.co.jp/eng/products/newbusiness/ superconductors/01/superconductor.pdf.

78.

S. Hahakura, K. Fujino, M. Konishi, and K. Ohmatsu, “Development of HoBCO coated conductor by PLD method,” Phys. C 412–414, 931–936 (2004).CrossRef

79.

L. Jae-Hun, K. Jaemin, L. Hunju, and M. Seung-Hyun RCE-DR, “A novel process for coated conductor fabrication with high performance,” Proc. Conf. “The workshop on Advanced Superconducting Materials and Magnets”, 044018 (2019).

80.

https://www.suptech.com/superconducting-wire/.

81.

https://www.theva.com/products/#pro-line.

82.

A. Molodyk, S. Samoilenkov, A. Markelov, P. Degtyarenko, S. Lee, V. Petrykin, M. Gaifullin, A. Mankevich, A. Vavilov, B. Sorbom, J. Cheng, S. Garberg, L. Kesler, Z. Hartwing, S. Gavrilkin, A. Tsvetkov, T. Okada, S. Awaji, D. Abraimov, A. Francis, G. Bradford, D. Larbalestier, C. Senatore, M. Bonura, A. E. Pantoja, S. C. Wimbush, N. M. Strickland, and A. Vasiliev, “Development and large volume production of extremely high current density YBa₂Cu₃O₇ superconducting wires for fusion,” Sci. Rep. 11, 2084 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81559-z

83.

W. Hirata, Sh. Muto, Yu. Adachi, T. Yoshida, S. Fujita, K. Kakimoto, Y. Iijima, M. Daibo, and S. Awaji, “Artificial pinning centers-doped RE-based coated conductors,” Fujikura Tech. Rev., 23–28 (2019).

84.

Y. Zhang, S. Yamano, and D. Hazelton, “Fukushima Toru REBCO HTS wire manufacturing and continuous development at SuperPower,” IAS-HEP Mini-Workshop on High Temperature Superconducting Materials and Magnets (Hong Kong, 2018).

85.

S. Nariki, S. J. Seo, N. Sakai, and M. Murakami, “Influence of the size of Gd211 starting powder on the critical current density of Gd–Ba–Cu–O bulk superconductor,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 13, 778–784 (2000).CrossRef

86.

S. Nariki, N. Sakai, and M. Murakami, “Preparation and properties of OCMG-processed Gd–Ba–Cu–O bulk superconductors with very fine Gd211 particles,” Phys. C 357–360, Part 1, 811–813 (2001).CrossRef

87.

I. B. Bobylev, N. A. Zyuzeva, E. I. Kuznetsova, T. P. Krinitsina, S. V. Sudareva, and E. P. Romanov, “Effect of doping and substitution on the low-temperature decomposition of oxygen-nonstoichiometric Ba₂YCu₃O_{7 – d},” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 108, 59–66 (2009).CrossRef

88.

K. Yokoyama, R. Igarashi, R. Togasaki, and T. Oka, “Improvement of the trapped field performance of a holed superconducting bulk magnet,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 25 (3), 6800804 (2015).CrossRef

89.

D. Zhou, M. Izumi, T. Fujimoto, Y. Zhang, W. L. Zhou, and K. Xu, “Introducing nanosized pinning centers Into Bulk Gd–Ba–Cu–O by infiltration method,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 25 (3), 6800204 (2015).CrossRef

90.

V. Hardy, A. Wahl, S. Hébert, A. Ruyter, J. Provost, D. Groult, and Ch. Simon, “Accommodation of vortices to tilted line defects in high-Tc superconductors with various electronic anisotropies,” Phys. Rev. B 54, 656–664 (1996).CrossRef

91.

M. Sparing, E. Backen, T. Freudenberg, R. Huhne, B. Rellinghaus, L. Schultz, and B. Holzapfel, “Artificial pinning centres in YBCO thin films induced by substrate decoration with gas-phase-prepared Y₂O₃ nanoparticles,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20, S239 (2007).

92.

F. J. Baca, D. Fisher, R. L. S. Emergo, and J. Z. Wu, “Pore formation and increased critical current density in YBa₂Cu₃O_x films deposited on a substrate surface modulated by Y₂O₃ nanoparticles,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20, 554 (2007).

93.

T. Haugan, P. N. Barnes, R. Wheeler, F. Meisenkothen, and M. Sumption, “Addition of nanoparticle dispersions to enhance flux pinning of YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 – x} superconductors,” Nature 430, 867–870 (2004).CrossRef

94.

T. Aytug, M. Paranthaman, A. A. Gapud, S. Kang, H. M. Christen, K. J. Leonard, P. M. Martin, J. R. Thompson, D. K. Christen, R. Meng, I. Rusakova, C. W. Chu, and T. Johansen, “Enhancement of flux pinning and critical currents in YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 – δ} films by nanoscale iridium pretreatment of substrate surfaces,” J. Appl. Phys. 98, 114309 (2005).

95.

P. Mikheenko, A. Sarkar, V.-S. Dang, J. L. Tanner, J. S. Abell, and A. Crisan, “c-Axis correlated extended defects and critical current in YBa₂Cu₃O_x films grown on Au and Ag-nano dot decorated substrates,” Phys. C 469, 798 (2009).CrossRef

96.

T. Aytug, M. Paranthaman, K. J. Leonard, K. Kim, A. O. Ijadoula, Y. Zhang, E. Tuncer, J. R. Thompson, and D. K. Christen, “Enhanced flux pinning and critical currents in YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 – δ} films by nanoparticle surface decoration: Extension to coated conductor templates,” J. Appl. Phys. 104, 043906 (2008).CrossRef

97.

K. Yamada, M. Mukaida, H. Kai, R. Teranishi, A. Ichinose, R. Kita, S. Kato, S. Horii, Y. Yoshida, K. Matsumoto, and S. Toh, “Transmission electron microscopy characterization of nanorods in BaNb₂O₆-doped ErBa₂Cu₃O_{7 – δ} films,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 92, 112503 (2008).CrossRef

98.

J. L. MacManus Driscoll, S. R. Foltyn, Q. X. Jia, H. Wang, A. Serquis, L. Civale, B. Maiorov, M. E. Hawley, M. Maley, and D. E. Peterson, “Strongly enhanced current densities in superconducting coated conductors of YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 – x} + BaZrO₃,” Nat. Mater., No. 3, 439–443 (2004).

99.

A. Goyal, S. Kang, KJ. Leonard, P. M. Martin, A. A. Gapud, M. Varela, M. Paranthaman, A. O. Ijaduola, E. D. Specht, J. R. Thompson, D. K. Christen, S. J. Pennycook, and F. A. List, “Irradiation-free, columnar defects comprised of self-assembled nanodots and nanorods resulting in strongly enhanced flux-pinning in YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 – δ} films,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 18, 1533–1538 (2005).

100.

Y. Yamada, K. Takahashi, H. Kobayashi, M. Konishi, T. Watanabe, A. Ibi, T. Muroga, and S. Miyata, “Epitaxial nanostructure and defects effective for pinning in Y(RE)Ba₂Cu₃O_{7 – x} coated conductors,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 87, 132502 (2005).CrossRef

101.

S. Kang, A. Goyal, J. Li, A. Gapud, P. Martin, L. Heatherly, J. Thompson, D. Christen, F. List, M. Paranthaman, and D. Lee, “High-performance high-Tc superconducting wires,” Science 311, 1911–1914 (2006).CrossRef

102.

K. Traito, M. Peurla, H. Huhtinen, Yu. P. Stepanov, M. Safonchik, Y. Y. Tse, P. Paturi, and R. Laiho, “Magnetic field dependence of the critical current and the flux pinning mechanism in YBa₂Cu₃O_{6 + x} films doped with BaZrO₃,” Phys. Rev. B 73, 224522 (2006).CrossRef

103.

P. Mele, K. Matsumoto, T. Horide, A. Ichinose, M. Mukaida, Y. Yoshida, S. Horii, and R. Kita, “Incorporation of double artificial pinning centers in YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 – δ} films,” Phys. C 468, 1631–1634 (2008).CrossRef

104.

M. Peurla, H. Huhtinen, M. A. Shakhov, K. Traito, Yu. P. Stepanov, M. Safonchik, P. Paturi, Y. Y. Tse, R. Palai, and R. Laiho, “Effects of nanocrystalline target and columnar defects on flux pinning in pure and BaZrO₃-doped YBa₂Cu₃O_{6 + x} films in fields up to 30 T,” Phys. Rev. B 75, 184524 (2007).CrossRef

105.

P. Paturi, M. Irjala, and H. Huhtinen, “Greatly decreased critical current density anisotropy in YBa₂Cu₃O_{6 + x} thin films ablated from nanocrystalline and BaZrO₃-doped nanocrystalline targets,” J. Appl. Phys. 103, 123907 (2008).

106.

S. H. Wee, A. Goyal, Y. L. Zuev, and C. Cantoni, “High performance superconducting wire in high applied magnetic fields via nanoscale defect engineering,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 21, 092001 (2008).CrossRef

107.

M. Safonchik, K. Traito, S. Tuominen, P. Paturi, H. Huhtinen, and R. Laiho, “Magnetic field dependence of the optimal BaZrO₃ concentration in nanostructured YBa₂Cu₃O_{7 – δ} films,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 22, 065006 (2009).CrossRef

108.

F. J. Baca, P. N. Barnes, R. L. S. Emergo, T. J. Haugan, J. N. Reichart, and J. Z. Wu, “Control of BaZrO₃ nanorod alignment in YBa₂Cu₃O_7 − x thin films by microstructural modulation,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 102512 (2009).CrossRef

109.

B. Maiorov, S. A. Baily, H. Zhou, O. Ugurlu, J. A. Kennison, P. C. Dowden, T. G. Holesinger, S. R. Foltyn, and L. Civale, “Synergetic combination of different types of defect to optimize pinning landscape using BaZrO₃-doped YBa₂Cu₃O₇,” Nat. Mater., No. 8, 398–404 (2009).

110.

Y. Chen, V. Selvamanickam, Y. Zhang, Y. Zuev, C. Cantoni, E. Specht, M. Parans Paranthaman, T. Aytug, A. Goyal, and D. Lee, “Enhanced flux pinning by BaZrO₃ and (Gd,Y)₂O₃ nanostructures in metal organic chemical vapor deposited GdYBCO high temperature superconductor tapes,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 062513 (2009).CrossRef

111.

H. Tobita, K. Notoh, K. Higashikawa, M. Inoue, T. Kiss, T. Kato, T. Hirayama, M. Yoshizumi, T. Izumi, and Y. Shiohara, “Fabrication of BaHfO₃ doped Gd₁Ba₂Cu₃O_{7 – δ} coated conductors with the high Ic of 85 A/cm-w under 3 T at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K),” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25, 062002 (2012).CrossRef

112.

K. Matsumoto and P. Mele, “Artificial pinning center technology to enhance vortex pinning in YBCO coated conductors,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23, 014001 (2010).CrossRef

113.

V. Selvamanickam, “Progress in development of high-performance REBCO tapes and wires,” IEEE/CSC & ESAS superconductivity news forum (global edition) (2019). Invited presentation 1-MO-CS-01I.

114.

V. Selvamanickam, Y. Chen, X. Xiong, Y. Y. Xie, J. L. Recent, X. Zhang, Y. Qiao, K. P. Lenseth, R. M. Schmidt, A. Rar, D. W. Hazelton, and K. Tekletsadik, “Progress in second-generation HTS conductor scale-up at SuperPower,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17 (2), 3231–3234 (2007).CrossRef

115.

https://www.s-innovations.ru/vtsp-provod/.

116.

S. H. Moon, “Coated conductors by RCE-DR: Process details and scale-up issue,” Proc. “Coated ions Workshop 2018” (2018).

117.

J.-H. Lee, H. Lee, J.-W. Lee, S.-M. Choi, S.-I. Yoo, and S.-H. Moon, “RCE-DR, a novel process for coated conductor fabrication with high performance,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 27 (4), 6603204 (2017).

118.

J. L. MacManus-Driscoll, M. Bianchetti, A. Kursumovic, G. Kim, W. Jo, H. Wang, J. H. Lee, G. W. Hong, and S. H. Moon, “Strong pinning in very fast grown reactive co-evaporated GdBa₂Cu₃O₇ coated conductors,” APL Mater. 2, 086103 (2014).CrossRef

119.

T. Yoshida, A. Ibi, T. Takahashi, M. Yoshizumi, T. Izumi, and Y. Shiohara, “Fabrication of Eu₁Ba₂Cu₃O_{7 – δ} + BaHfO₃ coated conductors with 141 A/cm-w under 3 T at 77 K using the IBAD/PLD process,” Phys. C 504, 42–46 (2014).CrossRef

120.

A. Ballarino and R. Flükiger, “Status of MgB₂ wire and cable applications in Europe,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 871 (1), 012098 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/871/1/012098CrossRef

121.

B. Birajdar, V. Braccini, A. Tumino, T. Wenzel, O. Eibl, and G. Grasso, “MgB₂ multifilamentary tapes: microstructrure, chemical composition and supercoconducting properties,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 19, 916 (2006).CrossRef

122.

S. Oha, J. H. Kim, Ch. Lee, H. Choi, C-J. Kim, S. X. Dou, M. Rindfleisch, and M. Tomsic, “Field, temperature and strain dependence of the critical current for multi-filamentary MgB₂ wire,” Phys. C 468, 1821–1824 (2008).CrossRef

123.

P. Alknes, M. Hagner, R. Bjoerstad, and C. Scheuerlein, “Mechanical properties and strain induced filament degradation of ex situ and in situ MgB₂ wires,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 26, 8401205 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2015.2509166CrossRef

124.

L. Saglietti, E. Perini, G. Ripamonti, E. Bassani, G. Carcano, G. Giunchi, “Boron purity effects on structural properties of the MgB₂ obtained by Mg-reactive liquid infiltration,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 (3), 2739–2743 (2009).CrossRef

125.

X. Xu, J. H. Kim, W. Yeoh, Y. Zhang, S. X. Dou, “Improved J_c of MgB₂ superconductor by ball milling using different media,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 19 (11), 47–50 (2006).CrossRef

126.

J. H. Kim, S. Oh, H. Kumakura, A. Matsumoto, H. Yoon-Uk, S. Kyeongse, K. Yong Mook, M. Maeda, M. Rindfleisch, M. Tomsic, C. Seyong, and S. Dou, “Tailored materials for high-performance MgB₂ wire,” Adv. Mater. 23, 4942–4946 (2011).CrossRef

127.

J. V. Marzik, R. J. Suplinskas, R. H. T. Wike, P. Canfield, D. Finnemore, M. Rindfleisch, J. Margolies, and S. Hannahs, “Plasma synthesized doped B powders for MgB₂ superconductors,” Phys. C 423, 83–88 (2005).CrossRef

128.

D. Xu, D. Wang, C. Yao, X. Zhang, Y. Ma, H. Oguro, S. Awaji, and K. Watanabe, “Fabrication and superconducting properties of internal Mg diffusion processed MgB₂ wires using MgB₄ precursors,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 29, 105019 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/29/10/105019CrossRef

129.

D. Matera, M. Bonura, E. Giannini, and C. Senatore, “Electrical connectivity in MgB₂: the role of precursors and processing routes in controlling voids and detrimental secondary phases,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 27 (4), 6200806 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2017.2654545CrossRef

130.

H. Fujii, S. Itoh, K. Ozawa, and H. Kitaguchi, “Improved critical current density in ex- situ processed carbon-substituted MgB₂ tapes by Mg-addition,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 23 (3), 6200405 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2012.2234194CrossRef

131.

M. Vignolo, G. Bovone, C. Bernini, S. Kawale, A. Palenzona, G. Romano, and A. Siri, “High temperature heat treatment on boron precursor and PIT process optimization to improve the Jc performance of MgB₂-based conductors,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 26, 105022 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/26/10/105022CrossRef

132.

A. Malagoli, V. Braccini, M. Tropeano, M. Vignolo, C. Bernini, C. Fanciulli, G. Romano, M. Putti, C. Ferdeghini, E. Mossang, A. Polyanskii, and D. C. Larbalestier, “Effect of grain refinement on enhancing critical current density and upper critical field in undoped MgB₂ ex-situ tapes,” J. Appl. Phys. 104, 103908 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3021468CrossRef

133.

C. Wang, Y. Ma, X. Zhang, D. Wang, Z. Gao, C. Yao, C. Wang, H. Oguro, S. Awaji, and K. Watanabe, “Effect of high-energy ball milling time on superconducting properties of MgB₂ with low purity boron powder,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25, 035018 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/25/3/035018CrossRef

134.

J. Ma, A. Sun, G. Wei, L. Zheng, G. Yang, and X. Zhang, “Al-doping effects on the structural change of MgB₂,” J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 23, 187–191 (2010).CrossRef

135.

X. F. Rui, J. Chen, X. Chen, W. Guo, and H. Zhang, “Doping effect of nano-alumina on MgB₂,” Phys. C 412–414 (1), 312–315 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2004.02.189CrossRef

136.

J. Karpinski, N. D. Zhigadlo, G. Schuck, S. M. Kazakov, B. Batlogg, K. Rogacki, R. Puzniak, J. Jun, E. Muller, P. Wagli, R. Gonnelli, D. Daghero, G. A. Ummarino, and V. A. Stepanov, “Al substitution in MgB₂ crystals: Influence on superconducting and structural properties,” Phys. Rev. B 71, 174506 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.71.174506CrossRef

137.

M. R. Cimberle, M. Novak, P. Manfrinetti, and A. Palenzona, “Magnetic characterization of sintered MgB₂ samples: effect of substitution or “doping” with Li, Al and Si,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 15, 43–47 (2002).CrossRef

138.

M. Kuhberger and G. Gritzner, “Effects of Sn, Co and Fe on MgB,” Phys. C 370, 39–43 (2002).CrossRef

139.

C. Kea, C. H. Chengb, Y. Yanga, Y. Zhang, W. T. Wang, and Y. Zhao, “Flux pinning behavior of MgB₂ doped with Fe and Fe₂O₃ nanowires,” Phys. Proc. 27, 40–43 (2012).CrossRef

140.

D. Wang, Z. Gao, X. Zhang, C. Yao, C. Wang, S. Zhang, Y. Ma, S. Awaji, and K. Watanabe, “Enhanced J_c–B properties of MgB₂ tapes by yttrium acetate doping,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 24, 075002 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/24/7/075002CrossRef

141.

J. Dyson, D. Rinaldi, G. Barucca, G. Albertini, S. Sprio, and A. Tampieri, “Flux pinning in Y- and Ag-doped MgB₂,” Adv. Mater. Phys. Chem. 5, 426–438 (2015).CrossRef

142.

D. Batalu, Gh. Aldica, M. Burdusel, and P. Badica, “Short review on rare earth and metalloid oxide additions to MgB₂ as a candidate superconducting material for medical applications,” Key Eng. Mater. 638, 357–362 (2015).CrossRef

143.

A. Agostino, M. Panetta, P. Volpe, M. Truccato, S. Cagliero, L. Gozzelino, R. Gerbaldo, G. Ghigo, F. Laviano, G. Lopardo, and B. Minetti, “Na substitution effects on MgB₂ synthesized with a microwave-assisted technique,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17 (2), 2774–2777 (2007).CrossRef

144.

M. Muralidhar, M. Higuchi, P. Diko, M. Jirsa, and M. Murakami, “Record critical current density in bulk MgB₂ using carbon-coated amorphous boron with optimum sintering conditions,” IOP Conf. Series: J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 871, 012056 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/871/1/012056

145.

W. X. Li, Y. Li, M. Y. Zhu, R. Chen, X. Xu, W. Yeoh, J. Kim, and S. Dou, “Benzoic acid doping to enhance electromagnetic properties of MgB₂ superconductors,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17 (2), 2778–2781 (2007).CrossRef

146.

X. Zhang, Y. Ma, Zh. Gao, D. Wang, S. Awaji, G. Nishijima, and K. Watanabe, “Effect of nano-C doping on the critical current density and flux pinning of MgB₂ tapes,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17 (2), 2915–2918 (2007).CrossRef

147.

J. H. Lim, C. M. Lee, K. Won Seog, J. Joo, J. Seung-Boo, L. Young Hee, and K. Chan-Joong, “Fabrication and characterization of the MgB₂ bulk superconductors doped by carbon nanotubes,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 19 (3), 2767–2770 (2009).CrossRef

148.

J. H. Kim, W. K. Yeoh, X. Xu, D. Shi, and S. Dou, “Improvement of upper critical field and critical current density in single walled CNT doped MgB₂Fe wires,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 17 (2), 2907–2910 (2007).CrossRef

149.

K. S. B. De Silva, X. Xu, W. X. Li, Y. Zhang, M. Rindfleisch, and M. Tomsic, “Improving superconducting properties of MgB₂ by graphene doping,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 21 (3), 2686–2689 (2011).CrossRef

150.

J. M. Parakkandy, M. Shahabuddin, M. Sh. Shah, N. Alzayed, S. A. S. Qaid, N. A. Madhar, S. Ramay, and M. A. Shar, “Effects of glucose doping on the MgB₂ superconductors using cheap crystalline boron,” Phys. C 519, 137–141 (2015).CrossRef

151.

H. Ağıl, E. Aksu, and G. Ali, “Role of aniline addition in structural and superconducting properties of MgB₂ bulk superconductor,” J. Supercond. Nov. Magn. 30, 2735–2740 (2017).CrossRef

152.

S. Okur, M. Kalkanci, M. Yavas, M. Egilmez, L. Ozyuzer, “Microstructural and electrical characterization of Ti and Mg doped Cu-clad MgB₂ superconducting wires,” J. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. 7, 411–414 (2005).

153.

Y. Yamada, M. Nakatsuka, and Y. Kato, “Superconducting properties of in situ PIT MgB₂ tapes with different ceramic powder,” International cryogenic materials conference—ICMC (2006), pp. 631–638.

154.

S. X. Dou, J. Horvat, S. Soltanian, X. L. Wang, M. Qin, Z. Shifang, H. Liu, and P. Munroe, “Transport critical current density in Fe-sheathed nano-SiC doped MgB₂ wires,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 13, 3199–3202 (2002).CrossRef

155.

J.-C. Grivel, A. Pitillas, S. Namazkar, A. Alexiou, and O. J. Holte, “Preparation and characterization of MgB₂ with Pd, Pt and Re doping,” Phys. C 520, 37–41 (2016).CrossRef

156.

S. M. Hwang, K. Sung, J. H. Choi, W. Kim, J. Joo, J. Lim, C. Kim, Y. S. Park, and D. Kim, “O-free polyacrylonitrile doping to improve the J_c(B) and H_c2 of MgB₂ wires,” Phys. C 470 (20), 1430–1434 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2010.05.130CrossRef

157.

C. R. M. Grovenor, L. Goodsir, C. J. Salter, P. Kováč, and I. Hušek, “Interfacial reactions and oxygen distribution in MgB₂ wires in Fe, stainless steel and Nb sheaths,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 17, 479–484 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/17/3/030CrossRef

158.

P. Kovac, I. Husek, T. Melisek, M. Kulich, and V. Štrbík, “MgB₂ composite wires with Fe, Nb and Ta sheaths,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 19, 600 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/19/6/031CrossRef

159.

T. Holubek, M. Dhalle, and P. Kovac, “Current transfer in MgB₂ wires with different sheath materials,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20, 123 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/20/3/002CrossRef

160.

H. Fujii, H. Kumakura, and K. Togano, “Influence of MgB₂ powder quality on the transport properties of Cu-sheathed MgB₂ tapes,” Phys. C 363, 237–242 (2001).CrossRef

161.

P. Kováč, I. Hušek, T. Melišek, and T. Holubek, “Properties of stabilized MgB₂ composite wire with Ti barrier,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 20 (8), 771–776 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/20/8/008CrossRef

162.

S. Jln, H. Mavoorl, and C. Bover, “High critical currents in iron-clad superconducting MgB₂ wires,” Nature 411, 563–562 (2001).CrossRef

163.

I. Hušek, P. Kováč, T. Melišek, and L. Kopera, “Thermally stabilized MgB₂ composite wires with different barriers,” Cryogenics 51, 550–554 (2011).CrossRef

164.

L. Kopera, P. Kováč, and I. Hušek, “Calculated and measured normal state resistivity of 19-filament MgB₂/Ti/Cu/stainless steel wire,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25, 025021 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/25/2/025021CrossRef

165.

P. Kováč, T. Melišek, I. Hušek, L. Kopera, and M. Reissner, “Cu stabilized MgB₂ composite wire with an NbTi barrier,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 23 (4), 025014 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/23/2/025014CrossRef

166.

S. I. Schlachter, A. Frank, B. Ringsdorf, H. Orschulko, B. Obst, B. Liu, and W. Goldacker, “Suitability of sheath materials for MgB₂ powder-in-tube superconductors,” Phys. C 445–448 (1), 777–783 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2006.05.021CrossRef

167.

E. I. Kuznetsova, S. V. Sudareva, T. P. Krinitsina, Yu. V. Blinova, E. P. Romanov, Yu. N. Akshentsev, M. V. Degtyarev, M. A. Tikhonovskii, and I. F. Kislyak, “Mechanism of the formation and specific features of the structure of massive samples of compound MgB₂,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 115 (2), 175–185 (2014).CrossRef

168.

T. P. Krinitsina, E. I. Kuznetsova, Yu. V. Blinova, D. N. Rakov, Yu. N. Belotelova, S. V. Sudareva, M. V. Degtyarev, and E. P. Romanov, “Structure and stability of superconducting core of single-core MgB₂/Cu,Nb tube composite with a high critical current,” Phys. Met. Metallogr. 115 (6), 538–546 (2014).CrossRef

169.

I. M. Abdyukhanov, A. S. Tsapleva, M. V. Alekseev, and E. A. Zubok, “Heat treatment of MgB₂ superconductors with different metal sheaths,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 28 (3), 6200504 (2018).CrossRef

170.

I. M. Abdyukhanov, A. S. Tsapleva, A. V. Borisov, O. A. Krymskaya, M. G. Isaenkova, and D. K. Figu-rovskii, “Effect of synthesis conditions on the structure and phase composition of magnesium diboride,” Inorg. Mater.: Appl. Res. 10, 162–167 (2019).CrossRef

171.

I. Abduykhanov, A. Tsapleva, K. Bazaleeva, P. Lykya-nov, M. Alekseev, and A. Potanin, “Microstructure and properties MgB₂ superconductors after heat treatment,” IOP Conf. Series: J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1134, 012062 (2018).

172.

Y. Kamihara, T. Watanabe, M. Hirano, and H. Hosono, “Iron-based layered superconductor La[O_{1 – x}F_x]FeAs (x = 0.05–0.12) with Tc = 26 K,” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130 (11), 3296-7 (2008).CrossRef

173.

C. W. Chu, F. Chen, M. Gooch, A. M. Guloy, B. Lv, B. Lorenz, K. Sasmal, Z. J. Tang, J. H. Tapp, and Y. Y. Xue, “The synthesis and characterization of LiFeAs and NaFeAs,” Phys. C 469 (9–12), 326–331 (2009).CrossRef

174.

Z. Deng, X. C. Wang, Q. Q. Liu, S. J. Zhang, Y. X. Lv, J. L. Zhu, R. C. Yu, and C. Q. Jin, “A new “111” type iron pnictide superconductor LiFeP,” Europhys. Lett. 87 (3), 37004 (2009).CrossRef

175.

G. Just and P. Paufler, “On the coordination of ThCr₂Si₂ (BaAl₄)-type compounds within the field of free parameters,” J. Alloys Compd. 232 (1–2), 1–25 (1996).CrossRef

176.

E. Dagotto, “Colloquium: the unexpected properties of alkali metal iron selenide superconductors,” Rev. Mod. Phys. 85 (2), 849 (2013).CrossRef

177.

P. Cheng, B. Shen, G. Mu, X. Y. Zhu, F. Han, B. Zeng, and H. H. Wen, “High T_c superconductivity induced by doping rare-earth elements into CaFeAsF,” Europhys. Lett. 85 (6), 67003 (2009).CrossRef

178.

A. Iyo, K. Kawashima, T. Kinjo, T. Nishio, S. Ishida, H. Fujihisa, Y. Gotoh, K. Kihou, H. Eisaki, and Y. Yoshida, “New-Structure-type Fe-based superconductors: CaAFe₄As₄ (A = K, Rb, Cs) and SrAFe₄As₄ (A = Rb, Cs),” J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 (10), 3410–3415 (2016).CrossRef

179.

M. V. Roslova, Doctoral Dissertation (Moscow, 2014).

180.

Ch. Yao and Y. Ma, “Recent breakthrough development in iron-based superconducting wires for practical applications,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32, 023002 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aaf351CrossRef

181.

Zh. Gao, L. Wang, Y. Qi, D. Wang, X. Zhang, and Y. Ma, “Preparation of LaFeAsO_0.9F_0.1 wires by the powder-in-tube method,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 21, 105024 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/21/10/105024CrossRef

182.

D. Contarino, C. Lohnert, D. Johrendt, A. Genovese, C. Bernini, A. Malagoli, and M. Putti, “Development and characterization of P-doped Ba-122 superconducting tapes,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 27 (4), 7300504 (2017).CrossRef

183.

X. Zhang, L. Wang, Y. Qi, D. Wang, Zh. Gao, Zh. Zhang, and Y. Ma, “Effect of sheath materials on the microstructure and superconducting properties of SmO_0.7F_0.3FeAs wires,” Phys. C 470, 104–108 (2010).CrossRef

184.

Y. Ma, Zh. Gao, Y. Qi, X. Zhang, L. Wang, Zh. Zhang, and D. Wang, “Fabrication and characterization of iron pnictide wires and bulk materials through the powder-in-tube method,” Phys. C 469, 651–656 (2009).CrossRef

185.

Y. Ma, Wang. Lei, Y. Qi, Zh. Gao, D. Wang, and X. Zhang, “Development of powder-in-tube processed iron pnictide wires and tapes,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 21 (3), 2878–2881 (2011).CrossRef

186.

Zh. Cheng, Sh. Liu, Ch. Dong, He. Huang, L. Li, Y. Zhu, S. Awaji, and Y. Ma, “Effects of core density and impurities on the critical current density of CaKFe₄As₄ superconducting tapes,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32 (10), 105014 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab3a87CrossRef

187.

H. Huang, Ch. Yao, Ch. Dong, X. Zhang, D. Wang, Z. Cheng, J. Li, S. Awaji, H. Wen, and Y. Ma, “High transport current superconductivity in powder-in-tube Ba_0.6K_0.4Fe₂As₂ tapes at 27 T,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 31, 015017 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa9912CrossRef

188.

Ch. Yao, Y. Ma, X. Zhang, D. Wang, Ch. Wang, Lin. He, and Q. Zhang, “Fabrication and transport properties of Sr_0.6K_0.4Fe₂As₂ multifilamentary superconducting wires,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 102, 082602 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4794059CrossRef

189.

Q. Dong, B. Tian, W. Hong, Y. Ma, and Y. Xin, “Critical currents of 100-m class Ag-sheathed Sr_0.6K_0.4Fe₂As₂ tape under various temperatures,” Magn. Fields, and Angles, IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 29 (5), 7300705 (2019).CrossRef

190.

Ch. Yao, H. Lin, Q. Zhang, X. Zhang, D. Wang, Ch. Dong, Y. Ma, S. Awaji, and K. Watanabe, “Critical current density and microstructure of iron sheathed multifilamentary Sr_{1 – x}K_xFe₂As₂/Ag composite conductors,” J. Appl. Phys. 118, 203909 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4936370

191.

A. Malagoli, E. Wiesenmayer, S. Marchner, D. Johrendt, A. Genovese, and M. Putti, “Role of heat and mechanical treatments in the fabrication of superconducting Ba_0.6K_0.4Fe₂As₂ ex-situ powder-in-tube tapes,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 28, 095015 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/28/9/095015CrossRef

192.

G. Xu, X. Zhang, Ch. Yao, H. Huang, Y. Zhu, L. Li, Zh. Cheng, Sh. Liu, Sh. Huang, and Y. Ma, “Effects of different directional rolling on the fabrication of 7-flament Ba_{1 – x}K_xFe₂As₂ tapes,” Phys. C 561, 30–34 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2019.03.004CrossRef

193.

S. Pyon, T. Suwa, A. Park, H. Kajitani, N. Koizumi, Y. Tsuchiya, S. Awaji, K. Watanabe, and T. Tamegai, “Enhancement of critical current densities in (Ba,K)Fe₂As₂ wires and tapes using HIP technique,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 29, 115002 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/29/11/115002CrossRef

194.

J. Hecher, T. Baumgartner, J. D. Weiss, C. Tarantini, A. Yamamoto, J. Jiang, E. E. Hellstrom, D. C. Larbalestier, and M. Eisterer, “Small grains: a key to high-field applications of granular Ba-122 superconductors,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 29, 025004 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/29/2/025004CrossRef

195.

S. Pyon, T. Suwa, T. Tamegai, K. Takano, H. Kajitani, N. Koizumi, S. Awaji, N. Zhou, and Zh. Shi, “Improvements of fabrication processes and enhancement of critical current densities in (Ba,K)Fe₂As₂ HIP wires and tapes,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 31, 055016 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aab8c3CrossRef

196.

Sh. Liu, Zhe. Cheng, Chao. Yao, Ch. Dong, D. Wang, Huang. He, Li. Liu, G. Xu, Y. Zhu, F. Liu, H. Liu, and Y. Ma, “High critical current density in Cu/Ag composited sheathed Ba_0.6K_0.4Fe₂As₂ tapes prepared via hot isostatic pressing,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32 (4), 044007 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aaff27CrossRef

197.

S. Pyon, D. Miyawaki, T. Tamegai, H. Kajitani, N. Koizumi, S. Awaji, H. Kito, S. Ishida, and Y. Yoshida, “Fabrication and characterizations of KCa₂Fe₄As₄F₂ superconducting HIP wires,” J. Phys.: Conf. Ser. 1590, 012026 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1590/1/012026CrossRef

198.

L. Li, X. Zhang, Ch. Yao, Ch. Dong, D. Wang, Zh. Xu, and Y. Ma, “Large critical current density in Cu/Ag composite sheathed (Ba,K)Fe₂As₂ tapes fabricated under ambient pressure,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32, 065008 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab0935CrossRef

199.

Sh. Liu, K. Lin, Ch. Yao, X. Zhang, Ch. Dong, D. Wang, S. Awaji, H. Kumakura, and Y. Ma, “Transport current density at temperatures up to 25 K of Cu/Ag composite sheathed 122-type tapes and wires,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 30, 115007 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa87ecCrossRef

200.

P. Yuan, Zh. Xu, Ch. Li, B. Quan, J. Li, Ch. Gu, and Y. Ma, “Transport properties of ultrathin BaFe_1.84Co_0.16As₂ superconducting nanowires,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 31, 025002 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aa9b61CrossRef

201.

V. A. Vlasenko, O. A. Sobolevskii, A. V. Sadakov, K. S. Pervakov, S. Yu. Gavrilkin, A. V. Dik, and Yu. F. El’tsev, “Systematic study of the pinning of Abrikosov vortices and the vortex liquid–glass phase transition in single crystals BaFe_{2 – x}Ni_xAs,” Pis’ma Zh. Eksp. Teor. Fiz. 107, 121–127 (2018).

202.

Yu. F. Eltsev, K. S. Pervakov, V. A. Vlasenko, S. Yu. Gavrilkin, E. P. Khlybov, and V. M. Pudalov, “Magnetic and transport properties of single crystals of Fe-based superconductors of the 122 family,” Phys.-Usp. 57, 827 (2014).CrossRef

203.

G. Bioletti, G. V. M. Williams, M. A. Susner, T. J. Haugan, D. M. Uhrig, and S. V. Chong, “The effect of pressure and doping on the critical current density in nickel doped BaFe₂As,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32 (6), 064001 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab0b81CrossRef

204.

Sh. Tokuta and A. Yamamoto, “Enhanced upper critical field in Co-doped Ba122 superconductors by lattice defect tuning,” APL Mater. 7, 111107 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5098057CrossRef

205.

C. Tarantini, F. Kametani, S. Lee, J. Jiang, J. D. Weiss, J. Jaroszynski, E. E. Hellstrom, C. B. Eom, and D. C. Larbalestier, “Development of very high J_c in Ba(Fe_{1 – x}Co_x)₂As₂ thin films grown on CaF₂,” Sci. Rep. 4, 7305 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07305CrossRef

206.

Zh. Xu, Ch. Dong, F. Fan, V. Vlasko-Vlasov, Ul. Welp, W-K. Kwok, and Y. Ma, “Transport characterization and pinning analysis of BaFe_1.9Ni_0.1As_2.05 thin films,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 33, 044002 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab72c4CrossRef

207.

K. Iida, F. Kurth, M. Chihara, N. Sumiya, V. Grinenko, A. Ichinose, I. Tsukada, J. Hanisch, V. Matias, T. Hatano, B. Holzapfel, and H. Ikuta, “Highly textured oxypnictide superconducting thin films on metal substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 172602 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4900931CrossRef

208.

W. Si, J. Zhou, Q. Jie, I. Dimitrov, V. Solovyov, P. D. Johnston, J. Jaroszynski, V. Matias, C. Sheehan, and Q. Li, “Iron-chalcogenide FeSe_0.5Te_0.5 coated superconducting tapes for high field applications,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98, 262509 (2011).CrossRef

209.

W. Si, J. S. Han, X. Shi, S. N. Ehrlich, J. Jaroszynski, A. Goyal, and Q. Li, “High current superconductivity in FeSe_0.5Te_0.5-coated conductors at 30 tesla,” Nat. Commun. 4, 1347 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2337CrossRef

210.

V. Braccini, A. Leo, E. Bellingeri, C. Ferdeghini, A. Galluzzi, M. Polichetti, A. Nigro, S. Pace, and G. Grimaldi, “Anisotropy effects on the quenching current of Fe(Se,Te) thin films,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 28 (4), 7300204 (2018).

211.

K. Iida, J. Hanisch, S. Trommler, V. Matias, S. Haindl, F. Kurth, I. L. del Pozo, R. Huhne, M. Kidszun, J. Engelmann, L. Schultz, and B. Holzapfel, “Epitaxial growth of superconducting Ba(Fe_{1 – x}Co_x)₂As₂ thin films on technical ion beam assisted deposition MgO substrates,” Appl. Phys. Exp. 4, 013103 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1143/APEX.4.013103CrossRef

212.

S. Trommler, J. Hanisch, V. Matias, R. Huhne, E. Reich, K. Iida, S. Haindl, L. Shultz, and B. Holzapfel, “Architecture, microstructure and J_c anisotropy of highly oriented biaxially textured Co-doped BaFe₂As₂ on Fe/IBAD-MgO buffered metal tapes,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 25 (8), 084019 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-2048/25/8/084019CrossRef

213.

T. Katase, H. Hiramatsu, V. Matias, C. Sheehan, Y. Ishimaru, T. Kamiya, K. Tanabe, and H. Hosono, “Biaxially textured cobal-doped BaFe₂As₂ films with high critical current density over 1 MA/cm² on MgO-buffered metal-tape flexible substrates,” Appl. Phys. Lett. 98 (4), 242510 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3599844CrossRef

214.

H. Sato, H. Hiramatsu, T. Kamiya, and H. Hosono, “Enhanced critical-current in P-doped BaFe₂As₂ thin films on metal substrates arising from poorly aligned grain boundaries,” Sci. Rep. 6, 36828 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep36828CrossRef

215.

K. Iida, H. Sato, C. Tarantini, J. Hanisch, J. Jaroszynski, H. Hiramatsu, B. Holzapfel, and H. Hosono, “High-field transport properties of a P-doped BaFe₂As₂ film on technical substrate,” Sci. Rep. 7, 39951 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep39951CrossRef

216.

K. Iida, J. Hänisch, and Ch. Tarantini, “Fe-based superconducting thin films on metallic substrates: growth, characteristics and relevant properties,” Appl. Phys. Rev. 5 (3), 031304 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5032258CrossRef

217.

D. Wang, Zh. Zhang, X. Zhang, D. Jiang, Ch. Dong, He. Huang, W. Chen, Q. Xu, and Y. Ma, “First performance test of a 30 mm iron-based superconductor single pancake coil under a 24 T background field,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32, 04LT01 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/ab09a4CrossRef

218.

Y. Zhu, D. Wang, He. Huang, G. Xu, Sh. Liu, Zhe. Cheng, and Y. Ma, “Enhanced transport critical current of iron-based superconducting joints,” Supercond. Sci. Technol. 32, 024002 (2019) https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6668/aaf45aCrossRef

219.

Zh. Zhang, D. Wang, F. Liu, D. Jiange, Sh. Wei, Y. Wang, L. Gong, X. Zhang, Zh. Zhang, H. Liu, Ch. Tian, Y. Ma, and Q. Xu, “Fabrication and test of diameter 35 mm iron-based superconductor coils,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 30 (4), 1–4 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2020.2976987CrossRef

220.

X. Qingjin, “High field superconducting magnet program for accelerators in China,” 10th International particle Accelerator conference (Melbourne, 2019).

221.

D. C. Larbalestier, A. W. West, W. Starch, W. Warnes, P. Lee, W. K. McDonald, P. O’Larey, K. Hemachalam, B. Zeitlin, R. Scanlan, and C. Taylor, “High critical current densities in industrial scale composites made from high homogeneity Nb_46.5T,” IEEE Trans. Mag. 21, 269–272 (1985).CrossRef

222.

D. C. Larbalestier and A. W. West, “New perspectives on flux pinning in Niobium-Titanium composite superconductors,” Acta Metall. 32, 1871–1881 (1984).CrossRef

223.

J. D. McCambridge, N. D. Rizzo, X. S. Ling, J. Q. Wang, D. E. Prober, L. R. Motowidlo, and B. A. Zeitlin, “Flux pinning in NbTi/Nb multilayers,” IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. 5, 1697–1699 (1995).CrossRef

224.

P-J. Lee, “Superconductor: Wwires and cables: materials and processes,” in Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology (Elseiver, Amsterdam, 2003).

Springer Professional

The Materials Science of Modern Technical Superconducting Materials

Abstract

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 9/2022

Rotary Forging to Improve the Strength Properties of the Zr–2.5% Nb Alloy

The Fine Structure of MgB2 Alloyed with Y and Gd

The Effect of the Initial State on the Structure Evolution of Hafnium Bronze under Annealing

The Effect of Electropulsing-Assisted Ultrasonic Impact Treatment on the Microstructure, Phase Composition, and Microhardness of Electron-Beam-Welded 3D Printed Ti–6Al–4V Alloy

Structural Hardening of High-Speed Steel

The Magnetocaloric Effect of Nonstoichiometric ErM2Mnx Compounds (with M = Ni, Co, and Fe)