Skip to main content
Top

2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

3. The Pre-employment Conditions of Chinese Seafarers

Author : Pengfei Zhang

Published in: Seafarers’ Rights in China

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The sea has been the world’s greatest highway and can be used by all countries. However, the power of the sea and the weather are still uncontrollable, and seafaring is one of the world’s most dangerous occupations (Ozcayir 2001, p. 35). First, working aboard a ship is unlike occupations on land. Seafarers are exposed daily to ‘an unusual hazardous situation, natural disasters, highly risky and dangerous working environment and poor living conditions’ (Dimitrova 2010, p. 32). In addition, seafarers are at a great distance from shore, it is therefore very difficult for them to obtain external assistance, and they have to rely primarily on themselves when the ship is in an emergency situation. Seafaring is therefore considered as one of the most dangerous professions ‘involving high fatality’, and seafarers are working in an ‘extremely complex and strenuous environment’ (Zevallos et al. 2014).

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Alli, B. O. (2008). Fundamental principles of occupational health and safety (2nd ed.). Geneva: International Labour Office. Alli, B. O. (2008). Fundamental principles of occupational health and safety (2nd ed.). Geneva: International Labour Office.
go back to reference Chen, J. (2008). Chinese law: Context and transformation. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. Chen, J. (2008). Chinese law: Context and transformation. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.
go back to reference Chi, H. (2005). Comparative study on seafarer labour market of China and main seafarer export states. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science), 24(4), 339–345. Chi, H. (2005). Comparative study on seafarer labour market of China and main seafarer export states. Journal of Zhejiang Ocean University (Natural Science), 24(4), 339–345.
go back to reference Coles, R., & Watt, E. (2009). Ship registration: Law and practice (2nd ed.). London: Informa Law. Coles, R., & Watt, E. (2009). Ship registration: Law and practice (2nd ed.). London: Informa Law.
go back to reference Couper, A. (2009). Sailors and traders: A maritime history of the pacific peoples. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press. Couper, A. (2009). Sailors and traders: A maritime history of the pacific peoples. Hawaii: University of Hawaii Press.
go back to reference Dimitrova, D. N. (2010). Seafarers’ rights in the globalised maritime industry. London: Kluwer Law International. Dimitrova, D. N. (2010). Seafarers’ rights in the globalised maritime industry. London: Kluwer Law International.
go back to reference Fitzpatrick, D., & Anderson, M. (2005). Seafarers’ rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Fitzpatrick, D., & Anderson, M. (2005). Seafarers’ rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Gekara, V. O. (2008). Globalisation, state strategies and the shipping labour market: The UK’s response to declining seafaring skills. Cardiff: School of Social Sciences of Cardiff University. Gekara, V. O. (2008). Globalisation, state strategies and the shipping labour market: The UK’s response to declining seafaring skills. Cardiff: School of Social Sciences of Cardiff University.
go back to reference Grime, P. (2014). In this issue of occupational medicine. Occupational Medicine, 64(4), 227–227.CrossRef Grime, P. (2014). In this issue of occupational medicine. Occupational Medicine, 64(4), 227–227.CrossRef
go back to reference IMHA. (2012). International Maritime Health Association. Newsletter, January 2012. IMHA. (2012). International Maritime Health Association. Newsletter, January 2012.
go back to reference Imhasly, B. (2007). Goodbye to Gandhi: Travels in the New India. New Delhi: Penguin Books. Imhasly, B. (2007). Goodbye to Gandhi: Travels in the New India. New Delhi: Penguin Books.
go back to reference IMO STCW. (2013). International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 and the White List. Available at: http://www5.imo.org/SharePoint/contents.asp?doc_id=651&topic_id=257#26. Accessed 17 March 2013. IMO STCW. (2013). International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers, 1978 and the White List. Available at: http://​www5.​imo.​org/​SharePoint/​contents.​asp?​doc_​id=​651&​topic_​id=​257#26. Accessed 17 March 2013.
go back to reference Iversen, R. (2010). The mental health of seafarers: A brief review. In Maritime Medicine–An International Challenge. 11th International Symposium on Maritime Health (Vol. 6, pp. 10–52). Iversen, R. (2010). The mental health of seafarers: A brief review. In Maritime Medicine–An International Challenge. 11th International Symposium on Maritime Health (Vol. 6, pp. 10–52).
go back to reference Jiang, P. (2005). Introduction to China chapter. In D. Fitzratrick & M. Anderson (Eds.), Seafarers’ rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Jiang, P. (2005). Introduction to China chapter. In D. Fitzratrick & M. Anderson (Eds.), Seafarers’ rights. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Jiang, Y. (2001). A study on the Chinese system of seafarers’ recruitment and placement. Contemporary Law Review, 6, 67–70 [in Chinese]. Jiang, Y. (2001). A study on the Chinese system of seafarers’ recruitment and placement. Contemporary Law Review, 6, 67–70 [in Chinese].
go back to reference Li, B. (2004). On the Nation’s role and status on the realising the social security protection of the seafarers. Journal of Dalian Maritime University (Social Sciences Edition), 3(3), 23–26 [in Chinese]. Li, B. (2004). On the Nation’s role and status on the realising the social security protection of the seafarers. Journal of Dalian Maritime University (Social Sciences Edition), 3(3), 23–26 [in Chinese].
go back to reference Li, D., & Wang, J. (2007). The impact and countermeasures of ratification of Maritime Labour Convention 2006. Navigation of China, 72(3), 49–53 [in Chinese]. Li, D., & Wang, J. (2007). The impact and countermeasures of ratification of Maritime Labour Convention 2006. Navigation of China, 72(3), 49–53 [in Chinese].
go back to reference Li, K., & Ingram, C. W. N. (2002). Maritime law and policy in China. London: Cavendish Publishing. Li, K., & Ingram, C. W. N. (2002). Maritime law and policy in China. London: Cavendish Publishing.
go back to reference Li, Y. (2006). Protect seafarers’ rights and promote the development of maritime industry: The interview to Ziheng Wu, the Chairman of the Chinese Seamen and Construction Workers’ Union. China Ocean Shipping Monthly, 5, 162–164 [in Chinese]. Li, Y. (2006). Protect seafarers’ rights and promote the development of maritime industry: The interview to Ziheng Wu, the Chairman of the Chinese Seamen and Construction Workers’ Union. China Ocean Shipping Monthly, 5, 162–164 [in Chinese].
go back to reference Liu, S. (2008). STCW Convention and its Amendments will enter into force on 1 January 2008. World Shipping, 31(1), 52 [in Chinese]. Liu, S. (2008). STCW Convention and its Amendments will enter into force on 1 January 2008. World Shipping, 31(1), 52 [in Chinese].
go back to reference McConnell, M. L., Devlin, D., & Henry, C. D. (2011). The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006: A legal primer to an emerging international regime. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.CrossRef McConnell, M. L., Devlin, D., & Henry, C. D. (2011). The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006: A legal primer to an emerging international regime. Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.CrossRef
go back to reference McNaughton, W. L., & Lazar, J. (1954). Industrial relations and the government. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. McNaughton, W. L., & Lazar, J. (1954). Industrial relations and the government. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
go back to reference Nielsen, D., & Roberts, S. (1999). Fatalities among the world’s merchant seafarers (1990–1994). Marine Policy, 23(1), 71–80.CrossRef Nielsen, D., & Roberts, S. (1999). Fatalities among the world’s merchant seafarers (1990–1994). Marine Policy, 23(1), 71–80.CrossRef
go back to reference OECD. (2010). Tackling inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa: The role of labour market and social policies. OECD Publishing. OECD. (2010). Tackling inequalities in Brazil, China, India and South Africa: The role of labour market and social policies. OECD Publishing.
go back to reference Ozcayir, Z. O. (2001). Port state control. London: Informa Professional. Ozcayir, Z. O. (2001). Port state control. London: Informa Professional.
go back to reference Potgens, F. (2006). Income from International Private Employment: An analysis of Article 15 of the OECD model. Amsterdam: IBFD. Potgens, F. (2006). Income from International Private Employment: An analysis of Article 15 of the OECD model. Amsterdam: IBFD.
go back to reference Qi, D. (2013). Chinese working class and trade unions: Transformation and predicament in the reform era. In G. Wang & Y. Zheng (Eds.), China: Development and governance. Singapore: World Scientific. Qi, D. (2013). Chinese working class and trade unions: Transformation and predicament in the reform era. In G. Wang & Y. Zheng (Eds.), China: Development and governance. Singapore: World Scientific.
go back to reference Roberts, S. E., & Hansen, H. L. (2002). An analysis of the causes of mortality among seafarers in the British merchant fleet (1986–1995) and recommendations for their reduction. Occupational Medicine, 52(4), 195–202.CrossRef Roberts, S. E., & Hansen, H. L. (2002). An analysis of the causes of mortality among seafarers in the British merchant fleet (1986–1995) and recommendations for their reduction. Occupational Medicine, 52(4), 195–202.CrossRef
go back to reference Saarni, M. (2002). Medical examination of seafarers–Who is fit for work at sea? Medicina Maritima, 2(5), 299–306. Saarni, M. (2002). Medical examination of seafarers–Who is fit for work at sea? Medicina Maritima, 2(5), 299–306.
go back to reference Shen, G., Zhao, M., & Li, L. (2005). Chinese seafarers, a study on Chinese seafarers’ working and personal lives. Shanghai: Shanghai University Publishing House [in Chinese]. Shen, G., Zhao, M., & Li, L. (2005). Chinese seafarers, a study on Chinese seafarers’ working and personal lives. Shanghai: Shanghai University Publishing House [in Chinese].
go back to reference Taylor, B., Chang, K., & Li, Q. (2003). Industrial relations in China. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar. Taylor, B., Chang, K., & Li, Q. (2003). Industrial relations in China. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.
go back to reference UNHCHR. (2003). Convention on the rights of the child. Haiti: Committee on the Rights of the Child. UNHCHR. (2003). Convention on the rights of the child. Haiti: Committee on the Rights of the Child.
go back to reference Wu, B., Shen, G., & Li, L. (2007). The transformation of the Chinese labour market for seafarers. Cardiff: Seafarers International Research Centre (SIRC). Wu, B., Shen, G., & Li, L. (2007). The transformation of the Chinese labour market for seafarers. Cardiff: Seafarers International Research Centre (SIRC).
go back to reference Yuan, Z. (2013). China: Promoting equity as a basic education policy. In Y. Wang (Ed.), Education policy reform trends in G20 members (pp. 359–376). Berlin: Springer.CrossRef Yuan, Z. (2013). China: Promoting equity as a basic education policy. In Y. Wang (Ed.), Education policy reform trends in G20 members (pp. 359–376). Berlin: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Yun, Z. (2007). Our hope: The interview to Wei Wei, the Director of the Chinese Seamen and Construction Workers’ Union (CSCU). China Ocean Shipping Monthly, 4, 46–47. Yun, Z. (2007). Our hope: The interview to Wei Wei, the Director of the Chinese Seamen and Construction Workers’ Union (CSCU). China Ocean Shipping Monthly, 4, 46–47.
go back to reference Zeng, X. (2006). Freedom of the employee in bargaining with the employer for wage rates. In X. Li (Ed.), Assessing the extent of China’s marketisation. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited. Zeng, X. (2006). Freedom of the employee in bargaining with the employer for wage rates. In X. Li (Ed.), Assessing the extent of China’s marketisation. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing Limited.
go back to reference Zevallos, J., Hulshof, C. T., Mutsaerts, T., & Sluiter, J. K. (2014). Outcomes of seafarer work fitness qualifications in the Netherlands. Occupational Medicine, 64(4), 267–70.CrossRef Zevallos, J., Hulshof, C. T., Mutsaerts, T., & Sluiter, J. K. (2014). Outcomes of seafarer work fitness qualifications in the Netherlands. Occupational Medicine, 64(4), 267–70.CrossRef
go back to reference Zhu, Y., & Wang, X. (2007). Comparative analysis on certificate of competency and certificate of qualification for seafarers. Journal of Dalian Maritime University (Social Science Edition), 6(2), 58–60 [in Chinese]. Zhu, Y., & Wang, X. (2007). Comparative analysis on certificate of competency and certificate of qualification for seafarers. Journal of Dalian Maritime University (Social Science Edition), 6(2), 58–60 [in Chinese].
Metadata
Title
The Pre-employment Conditions of Chinese Seafarers
Author
Pengfei Zhang
Copyright Year
2016
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43620-3_3