7. The Reception of Pure Economics in France (1873–1926)

This chapter delves into the reception of pure economics in France from 1873 to 1926, with a particular focus on the influence and criticism of Léon Walras's work. It examines the reactions from various groups of economists, including the liberal school, law professors, mathematicians, and engineers-economists, who were critical of Walrasian pure economics. The chapter also highlights the support and sympathy from allies and sympathizers, such as Charles Gide and Émile Bouvier, who played a significant role in disseminating Walras's writings. Additionally, it explores the contributions of Walras's disciples, such as Albert Aupetit and Étienne Antonelli, who further developed and taught his theories. The chapter concludes with a reflection on the slow but noticeable change in the reception of pure economics in the years 1910–26, despite the break constituted by the First World War. It also discusses the broader impact of Walras's work on subsequent generations of economists, noting that France did not participate in the international renewal of studies related to Walrasian general equilibrium that arose since 1930 in Europe and the United States. The chapter provides a detailed overview of the reception and influence of pure economics in France, making it a valuable resource for professionals seeking to understand the historical context and impact of Walras's work.