11. The Relationship Among Individual, Neighbourhood, Community, and Country Factors in Shaping Quality of Life and Well-Being

The relationship among individual, neighbourhood, and community-level factors significantly impacts Quality of Life (QoL) and overall well-being. This chapter examines these relationships using a socioecological framework, highlighting the significance of personal well-being, environmental quality, and social cohesion in fostering sustainable living. This chapter aims to analyse the interactions of these elements in shaping both collective and individual resilience in urban and rural contexts. To address this issue, Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was employed to analyse the intricate relationships among variables including perceived individual well-being, neighbourhood safety, access to community resources, social support networks, environmental quality, and community engagement, aiming to identify their direct and indirect effects on overall Quality of Life (QoL). The results indicate that individual well-being is significantly affected by neighbourhood safety, access to public infrastructure, and the presence of environmental resources. Social support networks and community participation serve as important mediators, amplifying the beneficial effects of neighbourhood characteristics on quality of life. The findings emphasize disparities in resource availability among communities, indicating the necessity for equitable distribution and inclusive policymaking. This study underscores the significance of cultivating resilient neighbourhoods through the mitigation of systemic inequalities, the promotion of social trust, and the enhancement of community participation in decision-making processes. These strategies can enhance socioecological resilience and contribute to achieving a sustainable quality of life for individuals and communities.