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2023 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. The Role of Export Controls in Managing Emerging Technology

Author : Maria Shagina

Published in: The Implications of Emerging Technologies in the Euro-Atlantic Space

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

Since World War II, export control regimes have been used as a trade mechanism to restrict the proliferation of military-use technology by hostile states. The rapid development of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence, quantum computing, robotics, and cyber surveillance technologies has created the need to amend export control restrictions to address new security threats. A growing number of states resorted to export controls as a key tool of economic statecraft to manage the trade flows of these strategically important items. This chapter examines how emerging technologies shape export control regimes – unilaterally in the US and EU and multilaterally through the US-EU Trade and Technology Council (TTC). Imposing new guardrails on emerging technologies requires a balancing act between avoiding protectionism and compromising national security interests.

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Daniele Rotolo, Diana Hicks and Ben R. Martin, “What is an Emerging Technology?,” Research Policy, 44:10 (December 2015), p. 1831.

Kolja Brockmann, “Drafting, Implementing, and Complying with Export Controls: The Challenge Presented by Emerging Technologies,” Strategic Trade Review, Spring/Summer 2018, Issue 06, pp. 5–28.

Scott Jones, “Trading Emerging Technologies: Export Controls Meet Reality,” Security and Human Rights 31 (2020), pp. 56–57.

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Public Comments of Kevin Wolf, Emily Kilcrease, and Jasper Helder. Regarding Areas and Priorities for US and EU Export Control Cooperation under the US-EU Trade and Technology Council, p. 17.

Text - H.R.5040—115th Congress (2017–2018): Export Control Reform Act of 2018 | Congress.gov | Library of Congress.

Jones, Trading Emerging Technologies, p. 55.

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Public Comments of Kevin Wolf et al., p. 21.

“New Controls on Emerging Technologies Released, While U.S. Commerce Department Comes Under Fire for Delay”.

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FACT SHEET: “US-EU trade and technology council establishes economic and technology policies & initiatives” (16 May 2022), https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2022/05/16/fact-sheet-u-s-eu-trade-and-technology-council-establishes-economic-and-technology-policies-initiatives/#:~:text=The%20U.S.%2DEU%20Trade%20and,Secretary%20of%20State%20Antony%20J.

Public Comments of Kevin Wolf et al., p. 25.

Fact Sheet: Export Controls and Human Rights Initiative Launched at the Summit for Democracy, The White House, (10 December 2021), https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/12/10/fact-sheet-export-controls-and-human-rights-initiative-launched-at-the-summit-for-democracy/.

Ibid.

Public Comments of Kevin Wolf et al., p. 27.

Ibid., p. 6.

Ibid., p. 26.

Daniel Castro, Michael McLaughlin & Eline Chivot, “Who Is Winning the AI Race: China, the EU or the United States?”, Center for Data Innovation, (August 2019), https://www2.datainnovation.org/2019-china-eu-us-ai.pdf.

Kevon Wolf & Emily S. Weinstein “COCOM’s Daughter?” WorldECR, (May 2022), https://cset.georgetown.edu/wp-content/uploads/WorldECR-109-pp24-28-Article1-Wolf-Weinstein.pdf.

Title: The Role of Export Controls in Managing Emerging Technology
Author: Maria Shagina
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: The Implications of Emerging Technologies in the Euro-Atlantic Space
Print ISBN: 978-3-031-24672-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-24673-9

Copyright Year: 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24673-9_4