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2024 | Book

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Theory and Method of Automatically Formed Roadway in Underground Mining

Authors: Qi Wang, Bei Jiang, Zhenhua Jiang

Publisher: Springer Nature Singapore

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik" , Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Table of Contents
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About this book

This book investigates in detail the theory and method of automatically formed mining roadway (AFR). The AFR method utilizes mining pressure and broken expansion characteristics of the collapsed rock mass in the gob to automatically form roadways, which changes the traditional “long cantilever beam” to “short cantilever beam” structure, and eliminate roadway excavation and coal pillar reserve. Key technologies are developed under the guidance of the “equilibrium mining” theory, such as in situ drilling and zoning technology, roof directional presplitting technology, high prestressed constant-resistance support technology, and gangue blocking support technology. The mining technologies and methods are successfully applied to a large number of coal mines of different geological conditions. The book is intended for both researchers and practitioners working in the mining, civil, and geological engineering fields.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Chapter 1. Introduction
Abstract
In Chap. 1, the definition and current status of the main longwall mining methods of underground mining were introduced. The current problems of this method in surrounding rock stress, excavation volume, and ecological protection were analyzed. The reasons for the difficulties in surrounding rock control using this method have been explored, and ways to solve the above problems have been found. The purpose and significance of developing automatically formed roadway (AFR) mining theory and method were clarified. In addition, the main research contents around AFR mining methods in each chapter of this book are briefly described.
Qi Wang, Bei Jiang, Zhenhua Jiang
Chapter 2. Mining Theory of Automatically Formed Roadway (AFR)
Abstract
In Chap. 2, the gob-side entry driving method was analyzed in a non-balance state in terms of mine pillar stress, overlying rock structure movement, and roadway support system. The mining damage invariant equation was proposed, and a short cantilever beam structural model for mining was established. The broken expansion function equation and roadway broken expansion control equation for the roof collapse of AFR without mine pillars were obtained. Combining upper bound method, the mechanical model of AFR roof zoning control was established. According to the stress characteristics of the short cantilever beam roof at different zones of the AFR, support forces are designed for three zones including the pre-splitting implementation zone, the pre-splitting influence zone and the pre-splitting stabilisation zone. It provided a theoretical basis for the design of AFR control parameters in different zones.
Qi Wang, Bei Jiang, Zhenhua Jiang
Chapter 3. AFR Mining Method and Key Technologies
Abstract
In Chap. 3, the corresponding technologies were developed according to balance mining theory to achieve AFR without mine pillars. It mainly included in-situ drilling and zoning technology, high prestressed energy absorption control technology, directional roof cutting technology, and roadway gangue rib support technology. The specific meanings of core technologies are as follows. (a) This method utilizes in-situ drilling of surrounding rock to accurately partition the roadway roof, guiding roof cutting & support parameters design. (b) High prestressed energy absorbing support are used to assure the roadway roof's stability during the mining stages. (c) The gob roof is collapsed using mining pressure after determining the cutting direction, which severs the gob roof's physical link to the roadway roof quantitatively. The gob is filled with rock mass broken expansion, forming a stable gangue rib. (d) Maintain the AFR through the roadway gangue support system. Finally, this method eliminated the retention of mine pillars and automatically formed a roadway, while retaining the AFR for continued use in the next working face. Furthermore, this chapter provides the detailed introduction to the advantages and performance of each technology of AFR mining method through experimental methods.
Qi Wang, Bei Jiang, Zhenhua Jiang
Chapter 4. Numerical Simulation Test of AFR Mining Method
Abstract
In Chap. 4, the comparative test study of numerical simulation between AFR mining method and traditional mining method was introduced for different types of engineering including shallow buried depth, deep buried depth, and fault structural areas. Different types of numerical calculation models and quantitative evaluation indicators for stress and deformation were established. In different numerical simulation experiments, the stress of the surrounding rock in different parts of the roadway, the stress in the mining area, and the deformation of the surrounding rock were compared and analyzed. The distribution characteristics of stress in the mining area and the evolution law of roadway stress were clarified. The influence of different parameters on the stability of AFR without mine pillars and the design basis for key parameters were elucidated.
Qi Wang, Bei Jiang, Zhenhua Jiang
Chapter 5. Geomechanical Model Test of AFR Mining Method
Abstract
In Chap. 5, geomechanical model testing is an effective means of simulating the overall research of engineering sites, but existing model testing systems do not have specialized equipment to simulate the core process of AFR mining methods. The model test system of AFR without mine pillars with an integrated mining and roadway retention mode was developed. It can truly simulate the entire process of mining, excavation, and retention integration using the AFR mining method without pillars. Geomechanical model tests were conducted on different types of roadways, such as shallow buried depth, deep buried depth, and fault structural areas. The stress evolution law, deformation and failure characteristics of surrounding rock, and the movement law of overlying rock in the mining area and roadway are compared and analyzed. The control mechanism of AFR under different condition parameters was clarified, which provides an experimental basis for the on-site application design of AFR mining method.
Qi Wang, Bei Jiang, Zhenhua Jiang
Chapter 6. Engineering Application of AFR Mining Method
Abstract
In Chap. 6, the design method for directional cutting parameters and anchoring support parameters of AFR mining method was established. The successful application of AFR mining method in different buried depths, and roof types in mines was carried out. At present, it has been successfully applied in over 100 mines. This chapter focuses on different types of mine working faces including shallow buried depth, deep buried depth, weathered roof strata, broken roof strata, near the overlying mined coal seam and other typical examples. It effectively ensures the coal mining safety, eliminates mine pillars, and reduces roadway excavation, which has certain safety and economic advantages.
Qi Wang, Bei Jiang, Zhenhua Jiang
Chapter 7. Summary and Prospect of AFR Mining Method
Abstract
In Chap. 7, the research hotspots and application scope of the theory, technology, and methods of AFR without mine pillars in recent years were introduced. At present, the AFR mining method has a relatively complete theoretical, technical, and equipment system, and has been widely applied in the mining field, achieving good safety and economic benefits. The author provides the following prospects on the development of AFR mining methods in the future mining field, which includes (1) ultra-thick mine seam mining, (2) dynamic disaster prevention and control, (3) multi-dimensional roof cutting pressure releasing, (4) ecological protection, and (5) intelligent unmanned development.
Qi Wang, Bei Jiang, Zhenhua Jiang
Metadata
Title
Theory and Method of Automatically Formed Roadway in Underground Mining
Authors
Qi Wang
Bei Jiang
Zhenhua Jiang
Copyright Year
2024
Publisher
Springer Nature Singapore
Electronic ISBN
978-981-9780-82-2
Print ISBN
978-981-9780-81-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-8082-2