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2024 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

6. Towards a Third Culture

Author : Stefan Brunnhuber

Published in: The Third Culture

Publisher: Springer Nature Switzerland

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Abstract

This sixth chapter identifies the main characteristics of the third culture: mirroring the world; revealing the interrelatedness of all things and living beings; self-improving through self-learning; and exceeding human abilities in speed and scale. It considers the ‘garbage in, garbage out’ problem, the ‘black box effect’ and the notion of ‘technological singularity’ and explains the impact of the multiple forms of human IQ.

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previous chapter On Consciousness: The Evolving Mind
next chapter Being Human in the Twenty-First Century
Footnotes
1
Though AI is just a digital filter, which processes massive datasets in response to prompts from humans, it is plausible that AI and deep learning might have intrinsic interests, or a legal status, but not necessarily (human) rights.
 
2
There are three forms of learning and memorising involved: learning by doing (and by dying); learning by falsifying ideas, rather than sacrificing human lives; and finally learning by simulation, with unlimited recursive loops approximating reality. The third form of learning is introduced by this new technology.
 
3
The third culture requires ongoing input of new data to keep it alive and improve its output. Copyrights and privacy/security regulations restrict access to data. Free access to quality data is further limited by data monetisation, personal cryptocurrency wallets, contamination by false, self-generated data and geopolitical constraints.
 
4
We differentiate between four forms of AI. 1. Supervised AI, where humans are in the loop. One example is facial recognition. This kind of AI involves step-by-step improvement. 2. Non-supervised AI, where pattern recognition is triggered by a self-learning algorithm outside the human loop. 3. Reinforced AI, where robots learn from failures and mistakes. 4. Deep learning, where multiple layers generate non-accountable output.
 
5
See Ulam (1958), Kurzweil (2005), Searle (2014).
 
6
Wang and Siau (2019).
 
7
See also Searle (2014), who distinguishes between weak AI that makes up for human deficits and strong AI that replaces humans.
 
8
Another way to conceptualise this development would be as follows: Web 1.0 refers to a syntactic web, where users are able to read and obtain information; Web 2.0 refers to a social web, where users are able to write to and interact with each other; Web 3.0 refers to a semantic web, where decentralised blockchain solutions, the metaverse, decentralised finance, etc. enable decentralised decision-making that cuts out the middleman.
 
9
See also Patel (2023).
 
10
In this sense, the third culture argument resembles not so much Plato’s idea of an ideal world that shapes and constitutes our empirical reality, but rather Wittgenstein’s conception (2010 [1953]), according to which we keep on constructing and generating new, always incomplete and fuzzy probability correlations and complementarities in order to understand and approximate the world. AI is the ideal technology to accomplish that, as it allows us to identify features and similarities and process vast amounts of data that the human brain cannot grasp or process ex ante. Aided by AI, the human brain can integrate this knowledge ex post and thereby transcend what human conjectures, faith and traditional reasoning alone are capable of.
 
Literature
Kurzweil R (2005) The singularity is near. Viking Books, New York
Ulam S (1958) Tribute to John von Neumann. Bull Am Math Soc 64(3) Part 2:5
Wang W, Siau K (2019) Artificial intelligence, machine learning, automation, robotics, future of work and future of humanity: a review and research agenda. J Database Manag 30(1):61–79CrossRef
Wittgenstein L (2010 [1953]) Philosophical investigations. Blackwell, Oxford
Metadata
Title
Towards a Third Culture
Author
Stefan Brunnhuber
Copyright Year
2024
Book
The Third Culture

Print ISBN: 978-3-031-48112-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-031-48113-0

Copyright Year: 2024

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48113-0_6

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