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2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

12. Traction Performance of Tires

Author : Yukio Nakajima

Published in: Advanced Tire Mechanics

Publisher: Springer Singapore

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Abstract

The traction performance of a tire is important to the safety of a vehicle. Traction models of a tire have been proposed for different road conditions, such as dry, wet, snowy, icy and muddy conditions. Simple analytical models for tire traction in braking and driving have been developed by extending the Fiala model of cornering performance. One is a model where the contact pressure distribution does not change under braking and driving forces and the sliding point between the adhesion and sliding regions can be determined using a simple equation. Another is a model where the contact pressure distribution changes under braking and driving forces and the sliding point between adhesion and sliding regions can be determined by iterative calculation. The hydroplaning phenomenon is analyzed employing the equilibrium of the hydrodynamic pressure and tire load, the two-dimensional Reynolds equation for squeezing water out of the tread block and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation where a tire is modeled by FEA and water is modeled using the finite volume method (FVM). The snow reaction is analyzed using an analytical model where the shear strength of snow is determined from the density of snow and conducting CFD simulation in an approach similar to that adopted for hydroplaning. The traction on ice is analyzed using a brush model with a friction model on ice where the friction coefficient is a function of the sliding velocity and other parameters of thermodynamics, and another brush model where the shear force distribution of a freely rolling tire is included. The traction on mud is analyzed using an analytical model where the tire deformation is classified as being in a rigid mode or elastic mode according to the difference between tire rigidity and load retention properties of mud, and CFD simulation is conducted in a manner similar to that adopted for hydroplaning. FEA has recently become popular in the design of the tire pattern for traction on wet, snowy and muddy road conditions.

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previous chapter Cornering Properties of Tires
next chapter Rolling Resistance of Tires
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
Note 12.1.
 
2
Note 12.2.
 
3
See Footnote 2.
 
4
Same form as Eq. (11.​64).
 
5
Note 12.3.
 
6
See Footnote 5.
 
7
See Footnote 5.
 
8
Note 12.4.
 
9
See Footnote 8.
 
10
See Footnote 8.
 
11
Note 12.5.
 
12
Note 12.6.
 
13
Note 12.7.
 
14
See Footnote 12.
 
15
See Footnote 12.
 
16
The Reynolds equation is explained in Note 12.8.
 
17
Note 12.8.
 
18
See Footnote 17.
 
19
Note 12.9.
 
20
Note 12.10.
 
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Metadata
Title
Traction Performance of Tires
Author
Yukio Nakajima
Copyright Year
2019
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Book
Advanced Tire Mechanics

Print ISBN: 978-981-13-5798-5

Electronic ISBN: 978-981-13-5799-2

Copyright Year: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5799-2_12

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