Skip to main content
Top

Hint

Swipe to navigate through the chapters of this book

2023 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Traditional Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications

Authors : Saheli Bera, Kapil Dev Verma, Kamal K. Kar

Published in: Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials IV

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Abstract

A supercapacitor is a type of electrochemical energy storage device that holds charge both electrostatically and electrochemically. High power density, high energy density, long cycle life, and wide operating temperature range properties make supercapacitor different form other energy storage devices. The supercapacitor has four essential components: electrode, electrolyte, current collector, and separator. In which electrode material selection is the most important factor for the charge storage mechanism. Different types of electrode materials like carbon-based electrode material, transition metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides, and conducting polymers are used in supercapacitor applications. Electrode material should have high electrical conductivity, high surface area, lightweight, and low cost for high performance. This article will discuss different electrode materials with their electrochemical performances in supercapacitors.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference K. Li, B. Lin, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 52, 1107 (2015) K. Li, B. Lin, Renewable Sustainable Energy Rev. 52, 1107 (2015)
2.
go back to reference S.P.S. Badwal, S.S. Giddey, C. Munnings, A.I. Bhatt, A.F. Hollenkamp, Emerging Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (2014), pp. 1–28 S.P.S. Badwal, S.S. Giddey, C. Munnings, A.I. Bhatt, A.F. Hollenkamp, Emerging Electrochemical Energy Conversion and Storage Technologies (2014), pp. 1–28
3.
go back to reference D. Murray-Smith, J. Watt, A Review of Developments in Electrical Battery, Fuel Cell and Energy Recovery Systems for Railway Applications (2019) D. Murray-Smith, J. Watt, A Review of Developments in Electrical Battery, Fuel Cell and Energy Recovery Systems for Railway Applications (2019)
12.
go back to reference H. Chen, T.N. Cong, W. Yang, C. Tan, Y. Li, Y. Ding, Prog. Nat. Sci. 19, 291 (2009) CrossRef H. Chen, T.N. Cong, W. Yang, C. Tan, Y. Li, Y. Ding, Prog. Nat. Sci. 19, 291 (2009) CrossRef
14.
go back to reference X. Dong, W. Shen, J. Gu, L. Xiong, Y. Zhu, H. Li, J. Shi, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 6015 (2006) CrossRef X. Dong, W. Shen, J. Gu, L. Xiong, Y. Zhu, H. Li, J. Shi, J. Phys. Chem. B 110, 6015 (2006) CrossRef
15.
go back to reference K.D. Verma, P. Sinha, S. Banerjee, K.K. Kar, Springer Ser. Mater. Sci. 300, 269 (2020) K.D. Verma, P. Sinha, S. Banerjee, K.K. Kar, Springer Ser. Mater. Sci. 300, 269 (2020)
18.
go back to reference C. Zhong, Y. Deng, W. Hu, J. Qiao, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 7484 (2015) CrossRef C. Zhong, Y. Deng, W. Hu, J. Qiao, L. Zhang, J. Zhang, Chem. Soc. Rev. 44, 7484 (2015) CrossRef
22.
go back to reference M.D. Stoller, S. Park, Y. Zhu, J. An, R.S. Ruoff, Nano Lett. 8, 3498 (2008) CrossRef M.D. Stoller, S. Park, Y. Zhu, J. An, R.S. Ruoff, Nano Lett. 8, 3498 (2008) CrossRef
23.
go back to reference K.D. Verma, P. Sinha, M.K. Ghorai, K.K. Kar, Diam. Relat. Mater. 123, 108879 (2022) CrossRef K.D. Verma, P. Sinha, M.K. Ghorai, K.K. Kar, Diam. Relat. Mater. 123, 108879 (2022) CrossRef
27.
go back to reference S. Jin, Y. Jiang, H. Ji, Y. Yu, S. Jin, Y. Jiang, H. Ji, Y. Yu, Adv. Mater. 30, 1802014 (2018) CrossRef S. Jin, Y. Jiang, H. Ji, Y. Yu, S. Jin, Y. Jiang, H. Ji, Y. Yu, Adv. Mater. 30, 1802014 (2018) CrossRef
30.
31.
go back to reference S. Zafeiratos, 2D Nanomaterials for Energy Applications (Elsevier, 2020) S. Zafeiratos, 2D Nanomaterials for Energy Applications (Elsevier, 2020)
32.
go back to reference C. Portet, P.L. Taberna, P. Simon, C. Laberty-Robert, Electrochim. Acta 49, 905 (2004) CrossRef C. Portet, P.L. Taberna, P. Simon, C. Laberty-Robert, Electrochim. Acta 49, 905 (2004) CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Y. Gogotsi, V. Presser, Carbon Nanomaterials, 2nd ed. (CRC Press, 2013) Y. Gogotsi, V. Presser, Carbon Nanomaterials, 2nd ed. (CRC Press, 2013)
34.
36.
go back to reference G. Feng, R. Qiao, J. Huang, B.G. Sumpter, V. Meunier, ACS Nano 4, 2382 (2010) CrossRef G. Feng, R. Qiao, J. Huang, B.G. Sumpter, V. Meunier, ACS Nano 4, 2382 (2010) CrossRef
37.
go back to reference K.K. Kar, Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials I (2020) K.K. Kar, Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials I (2020)
38.
go back to reference M.D. Stoller, C.W. Magnuson, Y. Zhu, S. Murali, J.W. Suk, R. Piner, R.S. Ruoff, Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 4685 (2011) CrossRef M.D. Stoller, C.W. Magnuson, Y. Zhu, S. Murali, J.W. Suk, R. Piner, R.S. Ruoff, Energy Environ. Sci. 4, 4685 (2011) CrossRef
41.
go back to reference B. Viswanathan, Energy Sources Fundamentals of Chemical Conversion Processes and Applications (2016) B. Viswanathan, Energy Sources Fundamentals of Chemical Conversion Processes and Applications (2016)
42.
go back to reference A. Ashraf, Nitrogen and Sulfur-Doped Carbon Nanofiber Mixed Oxides Composites for Supercapacitor Applications, Qatar University, 2016 A. Ashraf, Nitrogen and Sulfur-Doped Carbon Nanofiber Mixed Oxides Composites for Supercapacitor Applications, Qatar University, 2016
43.
go back to reference S. Repp, E. Harputlu, S. Gurgen, M. Castellano, N. Kremer, N. Pompe, J. Wörner, A. Hoffmann, R. Thomann, F.M. Emen, S. Weber, K. Ocakoglu, E. Erdem, Nanoscale 10, 1877 (2018) CrossRef S. Repp, E. Harputlu, S. Gurgen, M. Castellano, N. Kremer, N. Pompe, J. Wörner, A. Hoffmann, R. Thomann, F.M. Emen, S. Weber, K. Ocakoglu, E. Erdem, Nanoscale 10, 1877 (2018) CrossRef
44.
45.
go back to reference Y. Zhang, H. Feng, X. Wu, L. Wang, A. Zhang, T. Xia, H. Dong, X. Li, L. Zhang, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34, 4889 (2009) CrossRef Y. Zhang, H. Feng, X. Wu, L. Wang, A. Zhang, T. Xia, H. Dong, X. Li, L. Zhang, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34, 4889 (2009) CrossRef
46.
go back to reference P. Sinha, A. Yadav, A. Tyagi, P. Paik, H. Yokoi, A.K. Naskar, T. Kuila, K.K. Kar, Carbon N. Y. 168, 419 (2020) CrossRef P. Sinha, A. Yadav, A. Tyagi, P. Paik, H. Yokoi, A.K. Naskar, T. Kuila, K.K. Kar, Carbon N. Y. 168, 419 (2020) CrossRef
47.
48.
49.
go back to reference M.C. Kisacikoglu, M. Uzunoglu, M.S. Alam, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34, 1497 (2009) CrossRef M.C. Kisacikoglu, M. Uzunoglu, M.S. Alam, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 34, 1497 (2009) CrossRef
50.
go back to reference S.B. Ma, K.W. Nam, W.S. Yoon, X.Q. Yang, K.Y. Ahn, K.H. Oh, K.B. Kim, Electrochem. Commun. 9, 2807 (2007) CrossRef S.B. Ma, K.W. Nam, W.S. Yoon, X.Q. Yang, K.Y. Ahn, K.H. Oh, K.B. Kim, Electrochem. Commun. 9, 2807 (2007) CrossRef
55.
go back to reference N. Panwar, A.M. Soehartono, K.K. Chan, S. Zeng, G. Xu, J. Qu, P. Coquet, K.T. Yong, X. Chen, Chem. Rev. 119, 9559 (2019) CrossRef N. Panwar, A.M. Soehartono, K.K. Chan, S. Zeng, G. Xu, J. Qu, P. Coquet, K.T. Yong, X. Chen, Chem. Rev. 119, 9559 (2019) CrossRef
56.
62.
go back to reference H. Zhao, L. Liu, R. Vellacheri, Y. Lei, Adv. Sci. 4 (2017) H. Zhao, L. Liu, R. Vellacheri, Y. Lei, Adv. Sci. 4 (2017)
66.
go back to reference M. Inagaki, H. Konno, O. Tanaike 195, 7880 (2010) M. Inagaki, H. Konno, O. Tanaike 195, 7880 (2010)
68.
go back to reference E. Frackowiak, S. Delpeux, K. Jurewicz, K. Szostak, D. Cazorla-Amoros, F. Béguin, Chem. Phys. Lett. 361, 35 (2002) CrossRef E. Frackowiak, S. Delpeux, K. Jurewicz, K. Szostak, D. Cazorla-Amoros, F. Béguin, Chem. Phys. Lett. 361, 35 (2002) CrossRef
69.
go back to reference E. Raymundo-Piñero, K. Kierzek, J. Machnikowski, F. Béguin, Carbon N. Y. 44, 2498 (2006) CrossRef E. Raymundo-Piñero, K. Kierzek, J. Machnikowski, F. Béguin, Carbon N. Y. 44, 2498 (2006) CrossRef
70.
go back to reference E. Raymundo-Piñero, D. Cazorla-Amorós, A. Linares-Solano, S. Delpeux, E. Frackowiak, K. Szostak, F. Béguin, Carbon N. Y. 40, 1614 (2002) CrossRef E. Raymundo-Piñero, D. Cazorla-Amorós, A. Linares-Solano, S. Delpeux, E. Frackowiak, K. Szostak, F. Béguin, Carbon N. Y. 40, 1614 (2002) CrossRef
71.
go back to reference D. Lozano-Castelló, M.A. Lillo-Ródenas, D. Cazorla-Amorós, A. Linares-Solano, Carbon N. Y. 39, 741 (2001) CrossRef D. Lozano-Castelló, M.A. Lillo-Ródenas, D. Cazorla-Amorós, A. Linares-Solano, Carbon N. Y. 39, 741 (2001) CrossRef
72.
go back to reference B. Kay Hyeok An, W. Seok Kim, Y. Soo Park, Y. Chul Choi, S. Mi Lee, D. Chul Chung, D. Jae Bae, S. Chu Lim, Y. Hee Lee, Y.H. Lee, K. H. An, W.S. Kim, Y.S. Park, Y.C. Choi, S.M. Lee, D.J. Bae, S.C. Lim, D.C. Chung, Adv. Mater 13 (2001) B. Kay Hyeok An, W. Seok Kim, Y. Soo Park, Y. Chul Choi, S. Mi Lee, D. Chul Chung, D. Jae Bae, S. Chu Lim, Y. Hee Lee, Y.H. Lee, K. H. An, W.S. Kim, Y.S. Park, Y.C. Choi, S.M. Lee, D.J. Bae, S.C. Lim, D.C. Chung, Adv. Mater 13 (2001)
73.
75.
go back to reference K. Jurewicz, K. Babeł, A. Ziółkowski, H. Wachowska, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 65, 269 (2004) CrossRef K. Jurewicz, K. Babeł, A. Ziółkowski, H. Wachowska, J. Phys. Chem. Solids 65, 269 (2004) CrossRef
76.
go back to reference M.J. Bleda-Martínez, J.A. Maciá-Agulló, D. Lozano-Castelló, E. Morallón, D. Cazorla-Amorós, A. Linares-Solano, Carbon N. Y. 43, 2677 (2005) CrossRef M.J. Bleda-Martínez, J.A. Maciá-Agulló, D. Lozano-Castelló, E. Morallón, D. Cazorla-Amorós, A. Linares-Solano, Carbon N. Y. 43, 2677 (2005) CrossRef
77.
go back to reference G. Salitra, A. Soffer, L. Eliad, Y. Cohen, D. Aurbach, J. Electrochem. Soc. 147, 2486 (2000) CrossRef G. Salitra, A. Soffer, L. Eliad, Y. Cohen, D. Aurbach, J. Electrochem. Soc. 147, 2486 (2000) CrossRef
78.
go back to reference C. Largeot, C. Portet, J. Chmiola, P.L. Taberna, Y. Gogotsi, P. Simon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 2730 (2008) CrossRef C. Largeot, C. Portet, J. Chmiola, P.L. Taberna, Y. Gogotsi, P. Simon, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 130, 2730 (2008) CrossRef
79.
go back to reference C.O. Ania, V. Khomenko, E. Raymundo-Piñero, J.B. Parra, F. Béguin, Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 1828 (2007) CrossRef C.O. Ania, V. Khomenko, E. Raymundo-Piñero, J.B. Parra, F. Béguin, Adv. Funct. Mater. 17, 1828 (2007) CrossRef
82.
84.
go back to reference G.Y. Yu, W.X. Chen, Y.F. Zheng, J. Zhao, X. Li, Z. De Xu, Mater. Lett. 60, 2453 (2006) CrossRef G.Y. Yu, W.X. Chen, Y.F. Zheng, J. Zhao, X. Li, Z. De Xu, Mater. Lett. 60, 2453 (2006) CrossRef
85.
go back to reference G. Arabale, D. Wagh, M. Kulkarni, I.S. Mulla, S.P. Vernekar, K. Vijayamohanan, A.M. Rao, Chem. Phys. Lett. 376, 207 (2003) CrossRef G. Arabale, D. Wagh, M. Kulkarni, I.S. Mulla, S.P. Vernekar, K. Vijayamohanan, A.M. Rao, Chem. Phys. Lett. 376, 207 (2003) CrossRef
86.
go back to reference F.S. Baker, C.E. Miller, A.J. Repik, E.D. Tolles, Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. (2000) F.S. Baker, C.E. Miller, A.J. Repik, E.D. Tolles, Kirk-Othmer Encycl. Chem. Technol. (2000)
87.
go back to reference R. Soni, S. Bhardwaj, D.P. Shukla, Inorg. Pollut. Water 273 (2020) R. Soni, S. Bhardwaj, D.P. Shukla, Inorg. Pollut. Water 273 (2020)
89.
go back to reference J.Y. Hwang, M. Li, M.F. El-Kady, R.B. Kaner, Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1605745 (2017) CrossRef J.Y. Hwang, M. Li, M.F. El-Kady, R.B. Kaner, Adv. Funct. Mater. 27, 1605745 (2017) CrossRef
90.
go back to reference S. Alwin, X. Sahaya Shajan, Mater. Renew. Sustain. Energy 9, 1 (2020) S. Alwin, X. Sahaya Shajan, Mater. Renew. Sustain. Energy 9, 1 (2020)
92.
go back to reference S.T. Mayer, R.W. Pekala, J.L. Kaschmitter, J. Electrochem. Soc. 140 446 (993) S.T. Mayer, R.W. Pekala, J.L. Kaschmitter, J. Electrochem. Soc. 140 446 (993)
93.
go back to reference R.W. Pekala, J.C. Farmer, C.T. Alviso, T.D. Tran, S.T. Mayer, J.M. Miller, B. Dunn, R.W. Pekala, J.C. Farmer, C.T. Alviso, T.D. Tran, S.T. Mayer, J.M. Miller, B. Dunn, JNCS 225, 74 (1998) R.W. Pekala, J.C. Farmer, C.T. Alviso, T.D. Tran, S.T. Mayer, J.M. Miller, B. Dunn, R.W. Pekala, J.C. Farmer, C.T. Alviso, T.D. Tran, S.T. Mayer, J.M. Miller, B. Dunn, JNCS 225, 74 (1998)
94.
go back to reference Z. Zapata-Benabithe, G. Diossa, C.D. Castro, G. Quintana, Procedia Eng. 148, 18 (2016) CrossRef Z. Zapata-Benabithe, G. Diossa, C.D. Castro, G. Quintana, Procedia Eng. 148, 18 (2016) CrossRef
95.
go back to reference J. Li, X. Wang, Q. Huang, S. Gamboa, P.J. Sebastian, J. Power Sources 158, 784 (2006) CrossRef J. Li, X. Wang, Q. Huang, S. Gamboa, P.J. Sebastian, J. Power Sources 158, 784 (2006) CrossRef
96.
go back to reference B.B. Mateusz Bryning, D.E. Milkie, M.F. Islam, L.A. Hough, J.M. Kikkawa, A.G. Yodh, L.A. Hough, J.M. Kikkawa, I. Winey, D.T.N Chen, D.W. Kurz, A.M. Alsayed, Adv. Mater 19, 661 (2007) B.B. Mateusz Bryning, D.E. Milkie, M.F. Islam, L.A. Hough, J.M. Kikkawa, A.G. Yodh, L.A. Hough, J.M. Kikkawa, I. Winey, D.T.N Chen, D.W. Kurz, A.M. Alsayed, Adv. Mater 19, 661 (2007)
98.
go back to reference H. Sugime, S. Esconjauregui, J. Yang, L. D’Arsié, R.A. Oliver, S. Bhardwaj, C. Cepek, J. Robertson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 073116 (2013) CrossRef H. Sugime, S. Esconjauregui, J. Yang, L. D’Arsié, R.A. Oliver, S. Bhardwaj, C. Cepek, J. Robertson, Appl. Phys. Lett. 103, 073116 (2013) CrossRef
102.
go back to reference M.G. Sobamowo, J.O. Akanmu, O.A. Adeleye, S.A. Akingbade, A.A. Yinusa, Forces Mech. 3, 100010 (2021) CrossRef M.G. Sobamowo, J.O. Akanmu, O.A. Adeleye, S.A. Akingbade, A.A. Yinusa, Forces Mech. 3, 100010 (2021) CrossRef
103.
go back to reference S. Suzuki, Physical and Chemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, 2013. S. Suzuki, Physical and Chemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, 2013.
104.
go back to reference K.K. Kar, Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials II Performance (2020) K.K. Kar, Handbook of Nanocomposite Supercapacitor Materials II Performance (2020)
105.
go back to reference Z.J. Zhang, C. Dong, X.Y. Ding, Y.K. Xia, J. Alloys Compd. C, 275 (2015) Z.J. Zhang, C. Dong, X.Y. Ding, Y.K. Xia, J. Alloys Compd. C, 275 (2015)
106.
go back to reference Q.Y. Li, Z.S. Li, L. Lin, X.Y. Wang, Y.F. Wang, C.H. Zhang, H.Q. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 156, 500 (2010) CrossRef Q.Y. Li, Z.S. Li, L. Lin, X.Y. Wang, Y.F. Wang, C.H. Zhang, H.Q. Wang, Chem. Eng. J. 156, 500 (2010) CrossRef
107.
108.
go back to reference M.A.A. Mohd Abdah, N.H.N. Azman, S. Kulandaivalu, Y. Sulaiman, Mater. Des. 186, 108199 (2020) M.A.A. Mohd Abdah, N.H.N. Azman, S. Kulandaivalu, Y. Sulaiman, Mater. Des. 186, 108199 (2020)
110.
go back to reference G. Chen, S. Wu, L. Hui, Y. Zhao, J. Ye, Z. Tan, W. Zeng, Z. Tao, L. Yang, Y. Zhu, Sci. Reports 6(1) (2016) G. Chen, S. Wu, L. Hui, Y. Zhao, J. Ye, Z. Tan, W. Zeng, Z. Tao, L. Yang, Y. Zhu, Sci. Reports 6(1) (2016)
111.
go back to reference T.M. McCoy, G. Turpin, B.M. Teo, R.F. Tabor, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 39, 98 (2019) CrossRef T.M. McCoy, G. Turpin, B.M. Teo, R.F. Tabor, Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci. 39, 98 (2019) CrossRef
112.
go back to reference K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M.I. Katsnelson, I.V. Grigorieva, S.V. Dubonos, A.A. Firsov, Nat. 438, 197 (2005) K.S. Novoselov, A.K. Geim, S.V. Morozov, D. Jiang, M.I. Katsnelson, I.V. Grigorieva, S.V. Dubonos, A.A. Firsov, Nat. 438, 197 (2005)
115.
go back to reference R. Kumar, S. Sahoo, W.K. Tan, G. Kawamura, A. Matsuda, K.K. Kar, J. Energy Storage 40, 102724 (2021) CrossRef R. Kumar, S. Sahoo, W.K. Tan, G. Kawamura, A. Matsuda, K.K. Kar, J. Energy Storage 40, 102724 (2021) CrossRef
118.
go back to reference G. Manasoglu, R. Celen, M. Kanik, Y. Ulcay, Coatings 11 (2021) G. Manasoglu, R. Celen, M. Kanik, Y. Ulcay, Coatings 11 (2021)
119.
120.
go back to reference Y.K. Penke, P. Sinha, A.K. Yadav, J. Ramkumar, K.K. Kar, Compos. Part B Eng. 202, 108431 (2020) CrossRef Y.K. Penke, P. Sinha, A.K. Yadav, J. Ramkumar, K.K. Kar, Compos. Part B Eng. 202, 108431 (2020) CrossRef
121.
go back to reference Y. Zhu, S. Murali, M.D. Stoller, K.J. Ganesh, W. Cai, P.J. Ferreira, A. Pirkle, R.M. Wallace, K.A. Cychosz, M. Thommes, D. Su, E.A. Stach, R.S. Ruoff, Science 332(80), 1537 (2011) Y. Zhu, S. Murali, M.D. Stoller, K.J. Ganesh, W. Cai, P.J. Ferreira, A. Pirkle, R.M. Wallace, K.A. Cychosz, M. Thommes, D. Su, E.A. Stach, R.S. Ruoff, Science 332(80), 1537 (2011)
123.
go back to reference B.D. Malhotra, M.A. Ali, Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Biosensors Fundamentals and Applications (Matthew Deans, 2018) B.D. Malhotra, M.A. Ali, Functionalized Carbon Nanomaterials for Biosensors Fundamentals and Applications (Matthew Deans, 2018)
124.
125.
go back to reference K. Ghatak, K.N. Kang, E.H. Yang, D. Datta, Sci. Reports 10(1) (2020) K. Ghatak, K.N. Kang, E.H. Yang, D. Datta, Sci. Reports 10(1) (2020)
126.
go back to reference M. Li, J. Shi, L. Liu, P. Yu, N. Xi, Y. Wang, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 17, 189 (2016) CrossRef M. Li, J. Shi, L. Liu, P. Yu, N. Xi, Y. Wang, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 17, 189 (2016) CrossRef
127.
go back to reference J. Cherusseri, N. Choudhary, K. Sambath Kumar, Y. Jung, J. Thomas, Nanoscale Horizons 4, 840 (2019) J. Cherusseri, N. Choudhary, K. Sambath Kumar, Y. Jung, J. Thomas, Nanoscale Horizons 4, 840 (2019)
128.
go back to reference F.N.I. Sari, J.M. Ting, Sci. Reports 7(1) (2017) F.N.I. Sari, J.M. Ting, Sci. Reports 7(1) (2017)
129.
go back to reference D. Voiry, H. Yamaguchi, J. Li, R. Silva, D.C.B. Alves, T. Fujita, M. Chen, T. Asefa, V.B. Shenoy, G. Eda, M. Chhowalla, Nat. Mater. 12(9), 850 (2013) D. Voiry, H. Yamaguchi, J. Li, R. Silva, D.C.B. Alves, T. Fujita, M. Chen, T. Asefa, V.B. Shenoy, G. Eda, M. Chhowalla, Nat. Mater. 12(9), 850 (2013)
130.
go back to reference H. An, Y.H. Lee, J.H. Lee, C. Wu, B.M. Koo, T.W. Kim, Sci. Reports 10(1) (2020) H. An, Y.H. Lee, J.H. Lee, C. Wu, B.M. Koo, T.W. Kim, Sci. Reports 10(1) (2020)
131.
go back to reference C.-C. Tu, L.-Y. Lin, B.-C. Xiao, Y.-S. Chen, J. Power Sources 320, 78 (2016) CrossRef C.-C. Tu, L.-Y. Lin, B.-C. Xiao, Y.-S. Chen, J. Power Sources 320, 78 (2016) CrossRef
132.
go back to reference L. Zhang, H. Bin Wu, X.W. Lou, Chem. Commun. 48, 6912 (2012) L. Zhang, H. Bin Wu, X.W. Lou, Chem. Commun. 48, 6912 (2012)
133.
go back to reference D. Ma, B. Hu, W. Wu, X. Liu, J. Zai, C. Shu, T. Tadesse Tsega, L. Chen, X. Qian, T. L. Liu, Nat. Commun. 10(1) (2019) D. Ma, B. Hu, W. Wu, X. Liu, J. Zai, C. Shu, T. Tadesse Tsega, L. Chen, X. Qian, T. L. Liu, Nat. Commun. 10(1) (2019)
134.
go back to reference R.K. Mishra, G.W. Baek, K. Kim, H.I. Kwon, S.H. Jin, Appl. Surf. Sci. 425, 923 (2017) CrossRef R.K. Mishra, G.W. Baek, K. Kim, H.I. Kwon, S.H. Jin, Appl. Surf. Sci. 425, 923 (2017) CrossRef
135.
go back to reference R. Aksoy, E. Selvi, R. Knudson, Y. Ma, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 21 (2009) R. Aksoy, E. Selvi, R. Knudson, Y. Ma, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 21 (2009)
136.
go back to reference B. Liu, J. Yang, Y. Han, T. Hu, W. Ren, C. Liu, Y. Ma, C. Gao, J. Appl. Phys. 109, 053717 (2011) CrossRef B. Liu, J. Yang, Y. Han, T. Hu, W. Ren, C. Liu, Y. Ma, C. Gao, J. Appl. Phys. 109, 053717 (2011) CrossRef
137.
go back to reference G.A. Muller, J.B. Cook, H.S. Kim, S.H. Tolbert, B. Dunn, Nano Lett. 15, 1911 (2015) CrossRef G.A. Muller, J.B. Cook, H.S. Kim, S.H. Tolbert, B. Dunn, Nano Lett. 15, 1911 (2015) CrossRef
138.
go back to reference W. Choi, N. Choudhary, G.H. Han, J. Park, D. Akinwande, Y.H. Lee, Mater. Today 20, 116 (2017) CrossRef W. Choi, N. Choudhary, G.H. Han, J. Park, D. Akinwande, Y.H. Lee, Mater. Today 20, 116 (2017) CrossRef
139.
go back to reference H.D. Yoo, Y. Liang, H. Dong, J. Lin, H. Wang, Y. Liu, L. Ma, T. Wu, Y. Li, Q. Ru, Y. Jing, Q. An, W. Zhou, J. Guo, J. Lu, S.T. Pantelides, X. Qian, Y. Yao, Nat. Commun. 8(1) (2017) H.D. Yoo, Y. Liang, H. Dong, J. Lin, H. Wang, Y. Liu, L. Ma, T. Wu, Y. Li, Q. Ru, Y. Jing, Q. An, W. Zhou, J. Guo, J. Lu, S.T. Pantelides, X. Qian, Y. Yao, Nat. Commun. 8(1) (2017)
140.
go back to reference Z. Guo, L. Yang, W. Wang, L. Cao, B. Dong, J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 14681 (2018) CrossRef Z. Guo, L. Yang, W. Wang, L. Cao, B. Dong, J. Mater. Chem. A 6, 14681 (2018) CrossRef
141.
142.
144.
go back to reference S. Wang, W. Li, L. Xin, M. Wu, Y. Long, H. Huang, X. Lou, Chem. Eng. J. 330, 1334 (2017) CrossRef S. Wang, W. Li, L. Xin, M. Wu, Y. Long, H. Huang, X. Lou, Chem. Eng. J. 330, 1334 (2017) CrossRef
147.
148.
150.
go back to reference J.W. Long, K.E. Swider, C.I. Merzbacher, D.R. Rolison, Langmuir 15, 780 (1999) CrossRef J.W. Long, K.E. Swider, C.I. Merzbacher, D.R. Rolison, Langmuir 15, 780 (1999) CrossRef
151.
152.
go back to reference C.C. Hu, H.Y. Guo, K.H. Chang, C.C. Huang, Electrochem. Commun. 11, 1631 (2009) CrossRef C.C. Hu, H.Y. Guo, K.H. Chang, C.C. Huang, Electrochem. Commun. 11, 1631 (2009) CrossRef
154.
go back to reference C.C. Hu, Y.L. Yang, T.C. Lee, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, A173 (2010) CrossRef C.C. Hu, Y.L. Yang, T.C. Lee, Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. 13, A173 (2010) CrossRef
155.
go back to reference X. Liu, J. Zhu, X. Wang, J. Sun, Z. Tang, T. Zhang, M.J. O’Keefe, D. Tang, Phys. Procedia 50, 416 (2013) CrossRef X. Liu, J. Zhu, X. Wang, J. Sun, Z. Tang, T. Zhang, M.J. O’Keefe, D. Tang, Phys. Procedia 50, 416 (2013) CrossRef
156.
157.
go back to reference D.-Y. Youn, H.L. Tuller, T.-S. Hyun, D.-K. Choi, I.-D. Kim, J. Electrochem. Soc. 158, A970 (2011) CrossRef D.-Y. Youn, H.L. Tuller, T.-S. Hyun, D.-K. Choi, I.-D. Kim, J. Electrochem. Soc. 158, A970 (2011) CrossRef
158.
go back to reference S.N. Pusawale, P.R. Deshmukh, J.L. Gunjakar, C.D. Lokhande, Mater. Chem. Phys. 139, 416 (2013) CrossRef S.N. Pusawale, P.R. Deshmukh, J.L. Gunjakar, C.D. Lokhande, Mater. Chem. Phys. 139, 416 (2013) CrossRef
159.
go back to reference B.O. Park, C.D. Lokhande, H.S. Park, K.D. Jung, O.S. Joo, Mater. Chem. Phys. 86, 239 (2004) CrossRef B.O. Park, C.D. Lokhande, H.S. Park, K.D. Jung, O.S. Joo, Mater. Chem. Phys. 86, 239 (2004) CrossRef
161.
go back to reference L. Xu, M. Jia, Y. Li, X. Jin, F. Zhang, Sci. Reports 7(1) (2017) L. Xu, M. Jia, Y. Li, X. Jin, F. Zhang, Sci. Reports 7(1) (2017)
162.
go back to reference Y. Yang, F. Yang, H. Hu, S. Lee, Y. Wang, H. Zhao, D. Zeng, B. Zhou, S. Hao, Chem. Eng. J. 307, 583 (2017) CrossRef Y. Yang, F. Yang, H. Hu, S. Lee, Y. Wang, H. Zhao, D. Zeng, B. Zhou, S. Hao, Chem. Eng. J. 307, 583 (2017) CrossRef
163.
go back to reference S. Ci, Z. Wen, Y. Qian, S. Mao, S. Cui, J. Chen, Sci. Reports 5(1) (2015) S. Ci, Z. Wen, Y. Qian, S. Mao, S. Cui, J. Chen, Sci. Reports 5(1) (2015)
164.
go back to reference L. Li, J. Qin, H. Bi, S. Gai, F. He, P. Gao, Y. Dai, X. Zhang, D. Yang, P. Yang, Sci. Reports 7(1) (2017) L. Li, J. Qin, H. Bi, S. Gai, F. He, P. Gao, Y. Dai, X. Zhang, D. Yang, P. Yang, Sci. Reports 7(1) (2017)
165.
go back to reference N.N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, in Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed. (Elsevier Science, 2012) N.N. Greenwood, A. Earnshaw, in Chemistry of the Elements, 2nd ed. (Elsevier Science, 2012)
166.
go back to reference S. Aloqayli, C.K. Ranaweera, Z. Wang, K. Siam, P.K. Kahol, P. Tripathi, O.N. Srivastava, B.K. Gupta, S.R. Mishra, F. Perez, X. Shen, R.K. Gupta, Energy Storage Mater. 8, 68 (2017) CrossRef S. Aloqayli, C.K. Ranaweera, Z. Wang, K. Siam, P.K. Kahol, P. Tripathi, O.N. Srivastava, B.K. Gupta, S.R. Mishra, F. Perez, X. Shen, R.K. Gupta, Energy Storage Mater. 8, 68 (2017) CrossRef
167.
go back to reference Y. Gao, S. Chen, D. Cao, G. Wang, J. Yin, J. Power Sources 195, 1757 (2010) CrossRef Y. Gao, S. Chen, D. Cao, G. Wang, J. Yin, J. Power Sources 195, 1757 (2010) CrossRef
168.
169.
170.
go back to reference M. Ando, T. Kobayashi, S. Iijima, M. Haruta, J. Mater. Chem. 7, 1779 (1997) CrossRef M. Ando, T. Kobayashi, S. Iijima, M. Haruta, J. Mater. Chem. 7, 1779 (1997) CrossRef
171.
go back to reference Z. Zhang, H. Geng, L. Zheng, B. Du J. Alloys Compd. 392, 2 (2005) Z. Zhang, H. Geng, L. Zheng, B. Du J. Alloys Compd. 392, 2 (2005)
172.
173.
go back to reference N. W. Egon Wiberg, A. F. Holleman, in Inorganic Chemistry (2001) N. W. Egon Wiberg, A. F. Holleman, in Inorganic Chemistry (2001)
174.
go back to reference J. Xu, F. Zheng, C. Xi, Y. Yu, L. Chen, W. Yang, P. Hu, Q. Zhen, S. Bashir, J. Power Sources 404 (2018) J. Xu, F. Zheng, C. Xi, Y. Yu, L. Chen, W. Yang, P. Hu, Q. Zhen, S. Bashir, J. Power Sources 404 (2018)
175.
go back to reference N.M. Ndiaye, B.D. Ngom, N.F. Sylla, T.M. Masikhwa, M.J. Madito, D. Momodu, T. Ntsoane, N. Manyala, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 532, 395 (2018) CrossRef N.M. Ndiaye, B.D. Ngom, N.F. Sylla, T.M. Masikhwa, M.J. Madito, D. Momodu, T. Ntsoane, N. Manyala, J. Colloid Interface Sci. 532, 395 (2018) CrossRef
176.
go back to reference R. Thangappan, S. Kalaiselvam, A. Elayaperumal, R. Jayavel, Solid State Ionics 268, 321 (2014) CrossRef R. Thangappan, S. Kalaiselvam, A. Elayaperumal, R. Jayavel, Solid State Ionics 268, 321 (2014) CrossRef
177.
go back to reference G. Huang, C. Li, J. Bai, X. Sun, H. Liang, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41, 22144 (2016) CrossRef G. Huang, C. Li, J. Bai, X. Sun, H. Liang, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 41, 22144 (2016) CrossRef
178.
go back to reference K. Rajendra Prasad, N. Miura, Electrochem. Commun. 8, 849 (2004) K. Rajendra Prasad, N. Miura, Electrochem. Commun. 8, 849 (2004)
179.
go back to reference S. Ramesh, H.M. Yadav, Y.J. Lee, G.W. Hong, A. Kathalingam, A. Sivasamy, H.S. Kim, H.S. Kim, J.H. Kim, Sci. Reports 9(1) (2019) S. Ramesh, H.M. Yadav, Y.J. Lee, G.W. Hong, A. Kathalingam, A. Sivasamy, H.S. Kim, H.S. Kim, J.H. Kim, Sci. Reports 9(1) (2019)
180.
go back to reference A.A.F. Grupioni, E. Arashiro, T.A.F. Lassali, Electrochim. Acta 48, 407 (2002) CrossRef A.A.F. Grupioni, E. Arashiro, T.A.F. Lassali, Electrochim. Acta 48, 407 (2002) CrossRef
182.
go back to reference X. Zheng, G. Shen, C. Wang, Y. Li, D. Dunphy, T. Hasan, C.J. Brinker, B.L. Su, Nat. Commun. 8(1) (2017) X. Zheng, G. Shen, C. Wang, Y. Li, D. Dunphy, T. Hasan, C.J. Brinker, B.L. Su, Nat. Commun. 8(1) (2017)
184.
185.
go back to reference X. Hou, X. Wang, B. Liu, Q. Wang, T. Luo, D. Chen, G. Shen, Nanoscale 6, 8858 (2014) CrossRef X. Hou, X. Wang, B. Liu, Q. Wang, T. Luo, D. Chen, G. Shen, Nanoscale 6, 8858 (2014) CrossRef
186.
187.
189.
go back to reference T.Y. Wei, C.H. Chen, H.C. Chien, S.Y. Lu, C.C. Hu, Adv. Mater. 22, 347 (2010) CrossRef T.Y. Wei, C.H. Chen, H.C. Chien, S.Y. Lu, C.C. Hu, Adv. Mater. 22, 347 (2010) CrossRef
190.
go back to reference R. Alcántara, M. Jaraba, P. Lavela, J.L. Tirado, Chem. Mater. 14, 2847 (2002) CrossRef R. Alcántara, M. Jaraba, P. Lavela, J.L. Tirado, Chem. Mater. 14, 2847 (2002) CrossRef
191.
go back to reference A.V. Chadwick, S.L.P. Savin, S. Fiddy, R. Alcántara, D.F. Lisbona, P. Lavela, G.F. Ortiz, J.L. Tirado, J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 4636 (2007) CrossRef A.V. Chadwick, S.L.P. Savin, S. Fiddy, R. Alcántara, D.F. Lisbona, P. Lavela, G.F. Ortiz, J.L. Tirado, J. Phys. Chem. C 111, 4636 (2007) CrossRef
192.
go back to reference J. Zhang, Q. Mei, Y. Ding, K. Guo, X. Yang, J. Zhao, A.C.S. Appl, Mater. Interfaces 9, 29771 (2017) CrossRef J. Zhang, Q. Mei, Y. Ding, K. Guo, X. Yang, J. Zhao, A.C.S. Appl, Mater. Interfaces 9, 29771 (2017) CrossRef
193.
go back to reference L. Li, Y.Q. Zhang, X.Y. Liu, S.J. Shi, X.Y. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Ge, G.F. Cai, C.D. Gu, X.L. Wang, J.P. Tu, Electrochim. Acta 116, 467 (2014) CrossRef L. Li, Y.Q. Zhang, X.Y. Liu, S.J. Shi, X.Y. Zhao, H. Zhang, X. Ge, G.F. Cai, C.D. Gu, X.L. Wang, J.P. Tu, Electrochim. Acta 116, 467 (2014) CrossRef
194.
go back to reference M. Haripriya, A.M. Ashok, S. Hussain, R. Sivasubramanian, Ionics (Kiel). 27, 325 (2021) CrossRef M. Haripriya, A.M. Ashok, S. Hussain, R. Sivasubramanian, Ionics (Kiel). 27, 325 (2021) CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Traditional Electrode Materials for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors
Saheli Bera
Kapil Dev Verma
Kamal K. Kar
Copyright Year
2023
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-23701-0_2

Premium Partners